2013 Global Hunger Index Launch Event Welthungerhilfe Presentation
2013 Global Hunger Index Launch Event IFPRI Presentation
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Transcript of 2013 Global Hunger Index Launch Event IFPRI Presentation
2013 GLOBAL HUNGER
INDEX
The Challenge of Hunger
BUILDING RESILIENCE TO ACHIEVE FOOD ANDNUTRITION SECURITY
Why a Global Hunger Index?
• To capture different dimensions of hunger
• To raise awareness of regional and country differences in hunger
• To show progress over time
• To help learn from successes and failures
• To provide incentives to act
• To focus on one major hunger-related topic every year
The GHI measures three dimensions of hunger
• Undernourishment
• Child underweight
• Child mortality
GHI score =
Proportion of the population
that is undernourished
(%)
+Prevalence of
underweight in children under
age five (%)
Mortality rate of children
under age five (%)
3
+
The GHI ranks countries on a 100-point scale
• An increase in a country’s GHI score means the hunger situation is worsening; a decrease indicates improvement in the country’s hunger situation.
• Minimum (zero) and maximum (100) values are not observed in practice.
About the 2013 GHI
• 120 developing countries• reflects data from 2008 to 2012—the most
recent country-level data available• The 2013 world GHI fell by 34 percent from the
1990 world GHI, from a score of 20.8 to 13.8• Plenty of success stories: Bangladesh, Cambodia,
Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda, Vietnam• But 19 countries still “alarming” or extremely so• South Asia’s progress has slowed down
Regional performance and progress
Understanding resilience for food and nutrition security
• This year’s special topic (chapter) was “resilience” in a food & nutrition security context
• Very topical . . .o Global food, fuel and financial criseso Climate change to increase incidence of shockso Major “natural” disasters in the Horn & Sahel
• Cognizance that we can do better in bridging the remaining divide between relief & development
Understanding resilience for food and nutrition security
• What is resilience?
• Is it new? How is it related to existing concepts?
• Is it useful in a food & nutrition security setting?
• What does it mean for strategizing, programming, capacity building, monitoring, evaluation, research?
• What do we know about building resilience based on previous experience?
Concepts: From “bouncing back” to absorption, adaptation and transformation
Resilience as a dynamic concept:3 hypothetical pastoral communities
Academic perspectives on resilience
• Academically, the new resilience paradigm has close ties to the vulnerability paradigm (lessons!)
• Debate about which paradigm better captures the importance of human agency, power relations, etc
• Isn’t yet a universal definition of resilience
• Concerns of negative forms of resilience (stubbornness; negative coping strategies)
• Concerns that “bouncing back” isn’t enough
Policy perspectives on resilience
• On the policy front, what’s new?
• Unifying concept for achieving relief & development
• Acceleration of an existing trend?o Foreign food aid>>>locally sourced food or casho Conditional cash transfers, productive safety netso “Relief” agencies engaging more in development
• But perceptions that existing approaches are still inefficient or too small
Policy perspectives on resilience
• How would we redesign development practices if we were serious about achieving resilience?
• Strategic changes: development strategies & goals
• Operational changes: between and within agencies, national & subnational govts, line ministries, etc
• Portfolio changes: Focus more on prevention?
• Experimentation: safety nets and beyond
Measuring and evaluating resilience
“Measurement drives diagnosis and response” (Barrett 2010)
• Resilience is dynamic, but measured with snapshots
• Irrespective of how we ultimately define resilience, we must have high frequency surveillance systems
• Build on nutrition surveillance systems, such as HKI’s long-running NSS in Bangladesh
• Multi-purpose: early warning, real-time welfare monitoring, impact evaluation, learning
• Accurate diagnosis; timely & appropriate response
Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Trends in child wasting in Bangladesh: Feb 1998 to Dec 2000
% o
f chi
ldre
n su
fferin
g fr
om w
astin
g
1998 1999 2000
Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
% o
f chi
ldre
n su
fferin
g fr
om w
astin
g
1998 1999 2000
Flood in July and August prolonged hungry season
Regular but intense hunger seasons: April-
August
Focusing on success stories
• One of the motivations of the GHI• What sorts of communities, programs, policies and
countries have had success in building resilience?• What are the roles of different sectors in building
resilience? Agriculture, nutrition, health, education, infrastructure, water, sanitation?
• What are the relevant economic, social and political lessons?
Trends in food aid receipts, 1988-2011
Horn of Africa
Sahel Malawi Zambia Bangladesh0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1988-91 1992-95 1996-99 2000-03 2004-07 2008-11
Food
aid
(kg)
per
cap
ita in
rura
l are
as
• Report available in English, German, French, and Italian
• Download from www.ifpri.orgwww.welthungerhilfe.dewww.concern.net
• Or download the report on Google Play, Google Books, Amazon, and iTunes.
• See the report and related content through a free IFPRI mobile app.