2013-01-17_ISShowcase_HVAC_New_Developments_in_Inductive__CHILLED_BEAM.pdf

8/10/2019 2013-01-17_ISShowcase_HVAC_New_Developments_in_Inductive__CHILLED_BEAM.pdf

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2012 Carrier Corporation

Mark Tozzi

Business Unit Manager

Carrier Corporation


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CELL PHONES

Please Turn Off

Cell Phones

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EDUCATION AND CREDENTIAL CREDITS

In order to receive a certificate for this course you must both:

1. Sign the workshop attendance sheet which demonstrates that you have attendedthe workshop

This will be passed around the room at the start of each workshop.

Print legibly so that information can be easily verified.

2. Complete the in-class Assessment sheet. Questions are self graded.

Each workshop requires the completion of an in-class exercise with questions

that will be addressed during the workshop.As questions are addressed during the presentation, record your answers on the answer

sheet.

At the end of the workshop, you must also complete the workshop evaluation.

Turn in both the completed exercise sheet and evaluation to the moderator.

The moderator will verify that you signed in and completed the written activities before

issuing your certificate. Certificates will be emailed to you after the workshop.

For participants who wish to claim continuing education credit in Florida, New York or

North Carolina you must also sign the additional attendance sheet and include your

PE registration number. If you are claiming credit in North Carolina you must also complete

the North Carolina evaluation form

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At the end you should be able to:

1. Describe evolution of inductive chilled beam technology

2. State the operational characteristics of inductive chilled

beams and what characteristics are limits

3. Explain how several induction beam system design

alternatives can simplify system design, minimize

installation cost, and maximize energy savings

4. List appropriate applications for induction beams

SESSION OBJECTIVES

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Technology Evolution

Chilled Beam Limitations and Challenges

Induction Beam Developments

System DesignApplications

Induction Beam

System Benefits

OVERVIEW

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Began with Willis Carriers Invention of the Induction Unit

Older units required more static pressure to work, up to 2

Thermostat

Plenum

Induction

Nozzles

Coil

Balancing

Damper

Acoustical

Plenum

Insulation

Control

Valve

Drain Pan

Floor

Return Air

Supply Air

TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION

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Older Style Induction Unit

Small Nozzles

Primary Inlet Air

from Ventilation Unit


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Rebirth in Europe in 1990s

Europe is a hydronic heating market

Europe designs require low cooling load

capacities with higher water temperatures


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Advancement of chilled beams in Europe


1960 1990 2000 2005

Chilled Ceilings/Radiant Panels

Passive Beams

Active Beams

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Traditional Chilled Beam Operation


Primary Ventilation AirChilled water

or

Hot water

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What caused room air to be drawn up into an active

chilled beam and through the coil?

a) A fan in the beam

b) Induction nozzles increase the velocity of the primary

ventilation air being diffused in the room, creating a

velocity pressure differential that draws room air into

the unit and across the coil.

c) Room air does not pass through an active chilled beam

QUESTION #1

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When was induction technology introduced in space

heating and cooling equipment?

a) 1990s by European manufacturers

b) 1930s by Dr. Willis Carrierc) 1920 by Thomas Midgley

QUESTION #2

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Condition # 1 Condition # 2Building Design Temp 75 F 75 F

Relative Humidity 55 % 50 %

Dew Points

Wet Bu lb Temp

CHILLED BEAM LIMITATIONS

Building Design Conditions

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Dew Points

Wet Bu lb Temp

CHILLED BEAM LIMITATIONS

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When the dew point temperature of the space rises

above the temperature of the chilled water,condensation will form on the chilled beam.

a) True

b) False

QUESTION #3

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Chal lenges to Using European Designed Chi l led Beams

in North America

Higher sensible load densities: 35 to 45 Btu/sqft

Higher outside air latent load: 99 to 148 gr/lb

U.S.A. traditionally uses airside systems

Mechanical ventilation is more common in US:

15 to 20 CFM/person or about 37% of total air required

Decoupling latent and sensible loads is a mustto control humidity within the building spaces

Chilled Beams without drain pans do not meet

International Building Code requirements

CHILLED BEAM CHALLENGES

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Requires drain pan to eliminate liability concerns

Requires drain pan by code

307.2 Evaporators and cooling coils.

Condensate drain systems shall beprovided for equipment and appliances

containing evaporators or cooling coils.

Condensate drain systems shall be

designed, constructed and installed

in accordance with Sections 307.2.1

through 307.2.4

CODE REQUIREMENTS

Requirements in U.S. Market

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CODE REQUIREMENTS

Requirements (continued)cast iron, galvanized steel, copper,

cross-linked polyethylene, polybutylene, polyethylene,

ABS, CPVC or PVC pipe or tubingsize shall be not

less than -inch

An auxiliary drain pan

A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to

the drain pan provided with the equipment.

An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain

A water level detection device conforming to UL 508

The device shall be installed in the primary drain line,

the overflow drain line, or in the equipment-supplied

drain pan, located at a point higher than the primary


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Induction Beam Design Requirements

Higher capacity

Provides sensible and latent cooling

Occupant comfortNo drafts

Noise levels < NC 35

Full drain pans meeting IBC requirements

INDUCTION BEAM DEVELOPMENT

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New induction beams have been designed to meet

which of the following requirements?

a) Higher cooling and heating capacity

b) IBC code requirement for full drain pans

c) Noise levels less than NC35

d) All of the above

QUESTION #4

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Primary Ventilation Air:

48 to 55 grains

55-70F EAT

0.4 to 0.8 Inlet Pressure

Total Room Mixing

is achieved throughthe Coanda effect

within the space

31 Mixing effect

Convective cooling

method turns overthe room air several

times more than a

standard overhead

air system

42 to 60F Chilled water

120 to 180F Hot water

Exhaust

Drain Pan

INDUCTION BEAM DEVELOPMENT

Operation


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What is the primary air inlet static pressure required for

induction beams?

a) 0.4 to 0.8 w.c.

b) 1.0 to 2.0 w.c.

c) Greater than 2.0 w.c.

QUESTION #5

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PrimarySecondary Loop System With VAV Terminals

WATERSIDE SYSTEM DESIGN

Most buildings are designed for 75F, 55% RH and 64 wb

Secondary

Pump

Primary

Pump

Reduced or Eliminated Load

Compressor KWAHU KW

Primary Pump KW

Secondary Pump KW

Booster Pump KW

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Compressor KWAHU KW (Reduced)

Primary Pump KW

Secondary Pump KW

Booster Pump KW

Requires PreciseTemperature control Deviceand modulating mixing valve

Booster

Pump

WATERSIDE SYSTEM DESIGNPrimarySecondary Loop System w/Conventional Chilled Beams

Most buildings are designed for 75F, 55% RH and 64 wb 25

Secondary

Pump

Primary

Pump

Condensate

Sensor


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Primary Pump KW

Secondary Pump KW

Booster Pump KW

WATERSIDE SYSTEM DESIGNPrimarySecondary Loop System with Induction Beams

Requires NoPrecise Temperature

control Device and modulating

mixing valve. Need no mixing line

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Secondary

Pump

Primary

Pump

No

Condensate

Sensor

Booster

Pump


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WATERSIDE SYSTEM DESIGNPrimarySecondary Loop System with Induction Beams



Primary Pump KW

Secondary Pump KW

Booster Pump KWX

27

Secondary

Pump

Primary

Pump


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WATERSIDE SYSTEM DESIGNPrimary Variable Loop System with Induction Beams


Compressor KW (Reduced)AHU KW (Reduced)

Primary Pump KW

Secondary Pump KW

Booster Pump KWX

X

28

Primary

Pump


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Damper

AHU

Outside

AirExhaust

Air

Fan

Filter

CWC

oil

HWC

oil

Fan

Supply Air

VAV

Damper

Space

Temp

SensorZone

Fan

CWC

oil

HWC

oil

Filter

Exhaust

Air

Outside

Air

FanDamper

Damper

INDUCTION

BEAM

Supply Air

TStat

Zone

AHU

AIRSIDE SYSTEM DESIGN

Traditional VAV vs. Induction Beam


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AHU

TStat

Zone

Exhaust

Air

Outside

Air

Damper

Fan

Fan

Supply Air

Filter

Filter F

ilter

HWC

oil

CWC

oil

ER

W

heel

INDUCTION

BEAM

Incorporate an

energy recovery

wheel for even

greater system

energy efficiency

AIRSIDE SYSTEM DESIGN

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Energy Usage Reduction Achievable using Induction Beam Systemvs.

ASHRAE 90.1 Baseline Rooftop/VAV System

Space Cooling: 75%Space Heating: 71%

Pumps: 36%

Fans: 80%

Total building energy usage reduced by greater than 40%

Could earn 15out of 19 possible points under LEED2009 EA Credit 1

SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY

Induction Beam System Includes: Variable Primary Chilled Water Loop

Series Counter-flow Chillers

AHU with ERW and DCV

Induction beams for space cooling and heating

Energy Efficiency Comparison

LEED is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council.

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How can using induction beams simplify an energy

efficient system design?

a) Sophisticated dedicated outside air units are not

required, as the beam have the ability to handle

latent cooling in the space.

b) Condensate sensors are not require at each zone,

as drain pans are included in the beam.

c) Water temperature reset is not required, as chilled

water does not need to be maintained above thespace dew point.

d) All of the above

QUESTION #6

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Educational

University

Health Care

Laboratories

Government

Nursing Homes

Public Library

Police Stations

Fire Stations

Court House

APPLICATIONS

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Sheet Rock Ceiling Tile Ceiling

Slanted CeilingHigh Ceiling

Close To Exit Door

APPLICATIONS

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High Ceiling Installation

APPLICATIONS

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APPLICATIONS

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LEED is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council.

APPLICATIONS

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One-way blow type is a good design for window wall applications.

Typically used in offices, hallways, small rooms, dorm rooms,

and patient rooms.

APPLICATIONS

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Linear type induction beams can be

supplied as a continuous beam for anappearance similar to a chilled beam.

APPLICATIONS

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All way blow units provide the highest capacity

with uniform air distribution and up to 16-ft throw.

APPLICATIONS


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Where can induction beam systems be applied?

a) K-12 schools

b) Healthcare facilities

c) Public libraries

d) All of the above

QUESTION #7

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Typical Classroom ExampleRoom Condition = 75F / 64FAir Pressure = 0.5

Type Of BeamChilled

BeamInduction Beam

Entering Water Temp 57F 57F 45F

Length (ft) 8 4 2 4 4 2 4

Width (ft) 2 4 2 2 4 2 1

Qty 4 2 4 4 1 2 3

Total Room Cooling (BTU) 22736 22302 22724 23132 22856 22997 22603

Use fewer induction beams to meet the cooling load due to increased coil capacity

Using lower entering water temperature further increases capacity of the induction beams

Reduced quantity of beams equates to reduced installation cost

No precise temperature control device and mixing modulating valve required

No worries about condensation in the space

APPLICATIONS

Induction Beam vs. Traditional Chilled Beam

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Example: Typical Classroom 24 x 38 = 912 ft

APPLICATIONS

8

2

58F-60F

Primary

Air

2 x 8 4 Chilled Beams

Zone LayoutChilled Beam

Condensate

Sensor

2

2

45F

Primary

Air

2 x 2 2 Induction Beams

Drain

Zone LayoutInduction Beam

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NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN INDUCTIVE CHILLED BEAMS

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Energy PerformanceInduction beams reduce fan power requirements

60-80% of the sensible cooling delivered by water

Reduced Space Requ iredDuctwork handles only outdoor air, minimizing size and costNo valuable floor space required for HVAC equipment

Less NoiseSince there are no moving parts, sound levels are minimizedLow air pressurestypically operate around 10 dBA less than traditional VAV

Less MaintenanceNo moving parts or motorsNo mechanical equipment in occupied spaces

USGBC/LEED

Building standards/certification

INDUCTION BEAM SYSTEM BENEFITS

LEED is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council.46


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Improv ed Indoo r Air Quali ty

Ventilation air delivered to each space is measurable and consistentNo ceiling return plenum (all the room air passes through the coil)

Humidity is controlled < 55% rh

IAQ drain pans

Reduced Total Cost

Installed cost 10% less than VAV

Operating cost 17% less than VAV

Ducting sizes are 60% smaller than VAV

Simple air balancing of system

Less electrical wiring - no fans!

Simple control design

INDUCTION BEAM SYSTEM BENEFITS

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2013-01-17_ISShowcase_HVAC_New_Developments_in_Inductive__CHILLED_BEAM.pdf

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