2012 PhaRma Cataloge

2012 PhRMA Compliant.P a t i e n t E d u c a t i o n T o o l s

www.lpromos.com

iPad

Books

Charts

Models

For more information Call: 703.753.4469 or visit our website at www.lpromos.com

2

For more information Call: 703.753.4469 or visit our website at www.lpromos.com 3

BSI Authorized Representative

iPad app with patient education anatomical charts and books.

App is can be branded and customized!

Available in the app store now.

Body Scientific is also the first to publish patient education specific books on the iPad. Tabs at the top of the screen display the table of content for easy navigation. Each book has an amazing range of color and concise information which will engage and inform the patient.

iPad is the perfect medium to get your message out to a broad audience. A great stand alone promotional product, or even better as a companion promotional product.

An example of how to utilize the iPad medium:Body Scientific will create an amazing, printed animated patient book for you to distribut to the phycisian’s office. The phycisian will use the book to educate their patients. When the patient goes home, they’ll download the iPad book version and continue to be educated and provide further exposure to your branded.

Additionally, Body Scientific can provide some useful marketing feedback monthly on how many apps were downloaded, so you can measure your success with actual data.

Call today to discuss developing your iPad app.

Over 70 charts and growing!

Body Scientific is the first to publish anatomical charts on the iPad. Now patients can view wall charts found in the doctors offices right on their iPad. Each chart is displayed as if hung on a cork board. Rotate your iPad to get a portrait or landscape view. Double click on any of the images and zoom in. A terminology sections is availabe in every chart.

Body ScientificThe first iPad Anatomical Charts

Body Scientific Patient Books on the iPad

iPad Promotion – Charts, books and more on the iPad


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New 3M™ Post-it® Anatomy Charts NEW Body Scientific Product.

The Health Care Professional can peel and stick your PhRMA compliant, patient education tool on any surface in the office without making a mark.

Post-It-Anatomy charts are the perfect union of 3M technology and Body Scientific illustrations and designs.

Post-It Anatomy charts are printed on heavy, quality stock paper, backed with 3M adhesive Post-It material and will stick to virtually any surface. Reposition the Post-It Anatomy chart without damaging the surface.

Exclusive Die-Cuts: Each Post-it Anatomy chart has a unique die-cut shape that can be exclusively yours with the order.

Cost Effective: You’ll be excited to know that this high quality product is an affordable solution to static cling products.

Brand-It: Every design is imprinted with the product brand and any legal information as required.

Manageable size to fit on any

surface

Custom or Standard Die-cut

Choose 3M®’s Post-it Custom Printed Poster Paper for quick and easy

application anywhere!

Variable Data printing

High quality printing on heavy

stock paper

NEW Body Scientific Charts that stick around!Anatomical Post-it® and ClingZ® Charts Colorful, durable and cost effective

3D patient anatomical models

Body Scientific Spiral BooksCreate a custom book for your brand.

Spiral books and easels are a great product to have in a doctors office. In-depth information can be conveyed to the patient in a clear and concise manner. Desktop size, allows for it to be always visible on a doctors counter while taking up minimal amount of space. A variety of shapes and sizes are possible giving your brand a unique appearance. Combine a spiral with a 3D chart cover for extra impact.

Patient friendly, PhRMA compliant >>

Detailed anatomy >>

<< Make it your own with our ability to customize any stock model

<<Cost effective

Long lasting & Physician preferred >>

<<Custom Design

<<Stock Designs

Stock and Custom Anatomical Models.

Body Scientific has standard anatomical models and also designs custom models. Designed right here in the USA, we utilize a blend of traditional and 3D techniques. We then incorporate our expertise in print design to create a

final product that is outstanding!

We provide solutions with every model. After listening to our

customer we then design a model presentation that strives

to exceed their expectations.

We incorporate educational cards that are truly useful and extremely durable. We make amazing engineering designs, like on the clear knee model below that appears as thou the top bone is hovering over the lower bone. Designs that only Body Scientific can accomplish.

We understand overseas manufacturing.We travel to asia on a regular basis and work closely with our production partners to delivery quality models every time.


Lenticular technology for Patient Education For the first time, an anatomical animation is available in a book. Using state-of-the art illustration and lenticular translation software, we have created a high impact product for patient education.

Each title covers a specific disease or disorder, highlighting both normal states and pathological changes. Striking, clear images bring descriptive text to life. Readers conclude with a list of facts and healthy tips.

Unique Design: Only Body Scientific brings you moving lenticular images with die-cut contours. Our special printing process creates an interactive tool that vividly animates and clearly explains.

Sturdy Construction: Printed on heavy gauge card stock, our books have quality you can see and durability you can feel. No two are shaped alike. Approximate dimension 6.5 x 7.5 inches.

Brand-it: We can customize any book with your corporation or product logo. Ideal for the physician office and for schools.

Introducing NEW Body Scientific Animated Books™*

• All the Impact of an Animation.

• All the Substance of a Book.

• State-of-the-Art Medical Illustrations and Text.

• A Serious Learning Tool Everyone Will Enjoy.

Animated Books™

Internal pages educate and engageMedical illustrations cover 100% of every

page. Pictures tell the story, engage the reader, convey essential information,

and aid easy comprehension and enjoyment.

Patients will enjoy the animations found throughout the books, strategically designed to show both normal physiology and disease progression. These striking animations are fast becoming invaluable and endurable learning tools in physician

offices.

• Printed on durable card stock

• Lenticular images

• 16 available titles

• Unlimited custom options

• Unlimited new titles

• Fast turnaround time

• Delivery schedule

• Unique way to promote the brand

7

6


For more information Call: 703.753.4469 or visit our website at www.lpromos.comFor more information Call: 703.753.4469 or visit our website at www.lpromos.com


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Body Scientific Animated Books™ Lenticular technology for Patient Education

Designed and Illustrated by Body Scientific International, LLC - USAPublished by POP 3 Dimensional Picture Company Limited, Ltd.

www.bodyscientific.com

© 2011 Body Scientific International, LLC6839

Understanding Spondylosis

9 more reasons to be excited this year.Now available in 2012... and more on the way.


10



Parietal bone

Occipital bone

Frontal bone

Lambdoid suture

Nasal bone

Lacrimal bone

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Coronal sutureSphenofrontal suture

Skull

Temporal bone

Mandible

Mastoid process External acoustic meatus

ManubriumSternum

ClavicleAcromion

Coracoid processGreater tubercleHead of humerus

Scapula

Humerus

Coronoid fossa

Lateral epicondyle

CapitellumTrochlea

Iliumbone

Ischiumbone

Pubisbone

Pubicsymphysis

Sacrum

Iliac crest

Anterior iliac spine: superior inferior Ischial spine

Greater sciatic notch

Pubictubercle

Obturatorforamen

Coccyx

Head

Greater trochanter

Neck

Lesser trochanter

Lateral malleolus

Medial epicondyle

Trueribs (10)

Costalcartilage

Appendicular skeleton (Brown)

IncusEar (ossicles)

Malleus

Stapes

Arteries Yellow marrowCompact bone

Periosteum

Epiphyseal line Spongy bone compact bone Medullary cavity

C4

C5

C6

C7

T1

T2

T11

T12

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

R3

R2

R1

R4

R5

R6

R7

R8

R9

R10

FR11

FR12

Carpal

Metacarpal

Phalanges

RadiusUlna

Mandible

Maxilla

Zygomatic

Anterior nasal spine

Sphenoid

TemporalParietal

Abbreviation KeyC1 to C7(cervical vertebrae)

T1 to T10(thoracic vertebrae)

L1 to L5(lumbar vertebrae)

R1 to R10(ribs) FR11 & FR12 (false ribs)

Atlas (C1)Axis (C2)

Cervical C1 - C7

Thoracic T1 - T12

Lumbar L1 - L5

Sacrum S1-S5

CoccyxCo1-4

L32

4

36

8

9

T6

1

2

4

3

8

95

C4

7

3

6

8

9

Vertebrae Key 1) Spinous process 2) Lamina 3) Superior articular facet 4) Pedicle 5) Costal facet 6) Transverse process 7) Transverse foramen 8) Vertebral foramen 9) Body

Vertebrae

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone

Tarsometatarsal jointCuboid bone

Transverse tarsal joint

Left FootAnterior (dorsum)

DistalProximal

Metatarsal bones

Cuneiform bones Medial Intermediate Lateral

Navicular bone

Talus

Synovial JointJoint capsuleSynovial membraneSynovial fluidCartilageBone

Femur

Medial epicondyle

Cartilage

Patella

Medial condyle

Tibial tuberosity

Tibia

Fibula

Lateral epicondyle

Lateral condyle

Medial malleolusCalcaneusNavicularCuneiformsMetatarsalsPhalanges

Left Hand (posterior view)

Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal

Carpal bonesTrapeziumTrapezoidCapitate

Scaphoid

Metacarpal bones

Distal Proximal

Hamate Pisiform

(on palmar side)

Triquetrum Lunate

Ribs

Sternum

Lateral View

Patella (knee cap)

TibiaFibula

Tarsus (ankle)Metatarsus (foot)Phalanges (toes)

Mandible

Lumbar vertebrae

Skull

Cervical vertebrae

Scapula

Humerus (arm bone)

Thoracic vertebrae

Ulna Radius

SacrumCoccyx (tail bone)

IschiumCarpals (wrist)

Metacarpals (hand)Phalanges (fingers)

Femur (thigh bone)

Axial skeleton (Gray)

About the Skeletal SystemThe skeletal system is a bony structure that supports the body, protects internal organs and produces blood cells. Each bone is an organ that contains bone, nervous, vascular and cartilagenous tissues. When we are born the body consists of 300 bones. But as we grow, some of these bones fuse and as an adult we have 206 permanent bones. The bones of the skeletal system are joined together at junctions called joints. Some joints, such as suture joints of the skull, provide little to no movement, while synovial joints like the shoulder, fingers, knee and hip allow flexibility and movement between bones. Keeping joints healthy throughout life is important to having good mobility.

Nasal

Nasal Concha

Vomer

FrontalSquamous suture

Sphenoid bone

Sphenosquamous suture

Zygomatic arch

6

Calcaneus

Manubrium

Hyoid

1

2

1

Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal

Human Skeletal SystemLearning about the

©2009 Body Scientific International, Llc. | All rights reserved | www.bodyscientific.com | BS106

Body Scientific Anatomical Charts

BS107 - Urinary System BS108 - Female Reproductive System BS109 - The Human EyeBS127 - Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose BS128 - Exercise for Diabetics BS129 - Insulin Injections

LAMINATED | REPOSITIONABLE | 3 DIMENSIONAL | SPIRAL BOUND | LARGE OR SMALL

10

What hangs around for years in a doctors office?

A Body Scientific Chart.

• Many standard charts available.

• Custom designs are available and typically take between 2 & 6 weeks to complete.

• Colorful, educational and well received by physicians.

• Cost effective way to promote a brand.

BS104 - Digestive System Anatomy BS105 - Anatomy of the Human Brain BS106 - The Human SkeletonBS136 - Osteoarthritis BS148 - Cholesterol BS126 - Complications of Diabetes

BS110 - Organs of the Human Body BS103 - Anatomy of the Lungs BS112 - Rheumatoid and Degenerative ArthritisBS130 - Medications for Diabetes BS131 - Nutrition for Diabetes


12



LAMINATED | REPOSITIONABLE | 3 DIMENSIONAL | SPIRAL BOUND | LARGE OR SMALL

UNDERSTANDING HEART DISEASE

HypertensionBlood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the arterial walls. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is the single most important modifiable risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. This condition may be asymptomatic (no symptoms) for many years and yet increases the risk of stroke, aneurysm, heart attack, heart failure, and kidney damage. In hypertension, the heart works harder to pump blood into the body, and the pressure against the vessels may weaken or tear their walls. High blood pressure may be treated drugs, but more importantly, making healthy lifestyle changes may be enough to lower blood pressure and risks for developing other diseases associated with hypertension.

Valve ConditionsValves regulate the one-way passage of blood from each chamber of the heart. Some conditions may affect the valves from completely closing and leaking blood, known as valvular insufficiency or regurgitation, while other

conditions may lead to narrowing of the opening, known as stenosis. Although valve conditions may be

asymptomatic or non life-threatening, any disruptions in the flow of blood could lead

to serious complications such as heart failure or sudden death. Valve disease

may develop congenitally (from birth) or later in life from age, infections,

or other heart conditions. The aortic and mitral valves are the ones most commonly involved in acquired valvular diseases. Aortic stenosis, the narrowing of the aortic valve, may result from an infection associated with rheumatic fever, or in individuals with a predisposed condition of biscuspid valve,

in which two leaflets make up the valve instead of three. Most

often, the biscuspid valve develops stenosis over time as the valve

calcifies with age. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is another common valvular

disorder, in which the two leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly and bulge

back into the left atrium. This condition is usually

Aortic Aneurysm & DissectionAn aortic aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area of the aorta. An aneurysm may occur anywhere along the aorta but it is most common

in the abdomen. A true aneurysm usually involves a weakening of all three layers of the arterial wall, but false aneurysms

or pseudoaneurysms, an accumulation of blood in the surrounding connective tissue without distorting

the arterial wall, may also occur. Because most aneurysms start small and develop slowly, an

individual may not display any symptoms unless a rupture occurs. A different and

more life-threatening condition than an aneurysm is an aortic dissection. An aortic dissection occurs from a tear in the intima (inner layer), causing blood to enter the media (middle layer). The blood forces the tear to split open further, separating the layers and creating a false lumen. An individual with an acute tear may feel sharp chest pain, however, does not show the

same symptoms of a heart attack. Both conditions are associated with hyperten-

sion, which increases the blood pressure against the aortic wall, and occasionally

connective tissue disorders, which weaken the collagen and elastin of the media.

Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris, also known as angina or acute coronary syndrome, is chest pain or discomfort resulting from myocardial ischemia, when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen. Angina is commonly associated with coronary artery disease, when one or more coronary arteries becomes narrowed or blocked, restricting blood flow. Most

patients do not refer to angina as pain but more of a discomfort, such as pressure,

tightness, heaviness, or crushing sensation behind the sternum,

but it may also radiate to the arm, jaw, neck or shoulders. The event usually lasts a few minutes and is relieved by rest or medication. Angina can be categorized as stable (predictable), unstable (unexpected), or variant (due to coronary artery spasms). Angina is not the same as a heart attack, which involves cell death and irreversible damage.

Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, is atherosclerosis of

the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is the hardening of an artery due to an atheromatous plaque, an accumulation of macrophages,

cholesterol, and calcified debris with a fibrous cap. Blood flow in the artery may be interrupted if the plaque grows large

enough to narrow the lumen, or if the fibrous cap ruptures, leading to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot). A

vulnerable plaque (one more likely to rupture) is more life threatening than a larger stable plaque. A

thrombus formed at a ruptured plaque may break off into the

bloodstream and become lodged in a smaller

vessel, which may disrupt oxygen from reaching the heart muscle. When the heart muscle receives a reduced blood supply of oxygen, it is called

ischemia.

Ischemia vs Myocardial InfarctionIschemia occurs when the supply of oxygen is reduced and does not meet the demands of the heart muscle, causing improper contraction. However, if blood flow improves, the damage may be reversible. A myocardial infarction, more commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow does not improve within 20-40 minutes, and irreversible cell death or necrosis begins. The cardiomyocytes, or individual heart muscle cells, become damaged, and inflammatory cells invade the spaces between them. The heart cells lose their function can no longer contract. Eventually, the necrotic area will be replaced with fibrous scar tissue as part of wound healing.

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an increase in the size and mass of

the left ventricle. As the body demands more blood from the left ventricle, it must pump harder, thus

developing thicker walls to meet the cardiac output. Although this condition may be common in athletes during training, LVH is

usually inherited and may be an indicator of an underlying heart condition, such as hypertension. As the heart muscle enlarges, the pumping chamber

may decrease in volume. The additional stress on the ventricular walls may lead to stiffness or improper contraction, and possibly heart failure. Also, thicker walls may interfere with the valves properly closing and may cause regurgitation or leakage

of the mitral valve. The overall enlargement of the muscular walls occurs

from an increase in the volume of individual

myocytes (heart cells) and

from a

Arrhythmias are a group of conditions associated with an abnormal beating of the heart. The heart has an electrical conduction system within its muscular tissue,

which receives impulses to stimulate contraction. Any disruption in the normal rhythm may cause the heart to pump blood less effectively and may even

lead to sudden death. An abnormal rhythm may include any variation, such as rapid heart rate (tachycardia), slow heart rate (bradycardia), skipping a

beat, premature beats, uncoordinated impulses (fibrillation), or traveling in a circle (re-entry). Some arrhythmias are brief and manageable, while other more serious cases may require an implantable device, either a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to give an electrical stimulus and override the unnatural rhythm. Some conditions associated with disrupting the conduction system of the heart include:

Inflammatory Heart DiseaseInflammation of the heart tissue can occur from an infection caused by an

external factor, such as a bacterium or virus, or an internal factor, such as inflammation from an immune response. Endocarditis, inflammation of

the inner layer or endocardium, typically involves the valves and occurs after bacterial infections, such as with rheumatic fever. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, or heart muscle, that is less common and usually results from a viral infection. The sac

Aorta

Rightatrium

Superior vena cava

Left atrium

Pulmonary Trunk

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Left pulmonary

arteries

Left subclavian arteryLeft

carotid artery

Anterior interventricular descending artery

Left circumflex artery

Right coronary artery

Normal12080

Elevated14090

Blood PressureBlood pressure is a reading of systolic pressure, pressure on the arterial walls when the heart is contracting, over diastolic pressure, pressure exerted when the heart is resting. An individual with systolic pressure consistently over 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure consistently over 90 mmHg is considered to have hypertension. Prehypertension, pressure between 120/80 mmHg and 139/89 mmHg, is not a disease but a term used to identify individuals that are high at risk for developing hypertension.

What is Heart Disease?Heart disease, also called cardiovascular disease, is a broad term for describing a variety of diseases and conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Any condition that affects the structure or function of the heart disrupts the coordinated balance between the heart and the rest of the body. Heart disease is the No. 1 killer worldwide, and yet many risk factors can be prevented or modified. A healthy heart is necessary for longevity, so educate yourself about these conditions and talk to your doctor about your risk for developing heart disease.

Left coronary

artery

Right s

ubcla

vian a

rtery

Causes of Heart DiseaseAlthough many changes to the heart occur naturally with age, other factors, especially lifestyle, play a large role in the development of heart disease. A condition that is apparent from birth is referred to as a congenital or inherited disease. Other conditions are acquired throughout a lifetime by factors you can control, such as your diet, or by factors you cannot control, such as an infection. Major risk factors that may lead to the development of heart disease include:

•High Blood Pressure •High Blood Cholesterol •Diabetes•Physical Inactivity •Gender, race, and age •Smoking•Stress •Alcohol

Preventing Heart DiseasesIt is never too late or too early to improve the health of your heart. Taking action immediately, such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a heart-healthy diet, and/or reducing stress, is the best method to prevent developing heart disease. In addition to lifestyle changes, treatments may include medications or surgical procedures. Some medications may be used for the onset of symptoms or as daily long-term use to improve blood flow. Surgical treatments may include: implanting electrical devices to monitor and/or correct abnormal heart rhythms, opening narrowed vessels with angioplasty and stents, or rerouting blood pathways in blocked coronary arteries with bypass graft surgery. Each condition has its own set of treatments and procedures, so consult with your doctor to develop a plan to protect your heart.

Common Symptoms of Heart DiseaseMany conditions are asymptomatic, meaning they produce no noticeable symptoms, for years before a more serious complication presents itself. The most common symptom is angina, although other common sensations related to heart conditions include shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness, pounding in the chest, sweating, or fainting. Symptoms do not always relate to the severity of the condition, so it is important to seek medical attention for any symptom that may suggest heart problems. A cardiac emergency, such as a heart attack, requires immediate medical attention to ensure survival and minimize tissue damage.

Aortic valve

Left atriumRight

atrium

Bicuspid aortic valve with stenosis

Aortic valve

Arterial pressure

Artery

Lumen

Aortic dissection

Aorta

Severe chest pain

Normal

Atherosclerosis

Thrombus

Left ventricle heart muscle enlarges

©2008 Body Scientific International, Llc. All rights reserved.

• Atrial fibrillation (most common)• Atrial flutter• Bundle branch block• Long QT syndrome• Premature ventricular contraction• Sick sinus syndrome

• Supraventricular tachycardia• Ventricular fibrillation• Ventricular tachycardia• Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

Mitral valve

PericardiumEpicardium

Diagonal branch

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Myocardium (with myocarditis)

Endocardium

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Left ventricle heart muscle dilates

Normal Heart Section

A normal cross section of the heart shows that the wall of the right ventricle is naturally

thinner than the septum and left ventricular wall. The right ventricle only needs to send the blood to the nearby lungs, while

the left ventricle needs to pump the blood with greater force to the rest of the body. A cardiomyopathy is a disease that damages the muscular wall of the heart.

Dilated CardiomyopathyIn dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), also known as congestive cardiomyopathy, the

heart walls stretch, or dilate, to hold a greater volume of blood. DCM is the most common form of cardiomyopathy and most cases are idiopathic, meaning the cause

is unknown. Blood may back up into the right ventricle, causing swelling in the veins of the lower body, or it may back up in the left ventricle, causing a congestion of blood

in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema. The stretched ventricular walls are usually thinned and weakened, and most individuals will develop heart failure if DCM is left

untreated.

Abdominal aorta

Syndrome XCoronary microvascular disease, also called Syndrome X, causes plaque build-up in the smallest coronary arteries. Many times this

disease is undiagnosed or not treated because there are no visible large plaques on standard

diagnostic tests. This disease is more common in women, possibly because of the affects of

changing hormones on the blood vessels.

Arrhythmias

Right marginal artery

Anatomy of the Human SpineLearning about

©2008 Body Scientifi c International, Llc. | All rights reserved | www.bodyscientifi c.com | BS111

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

C7

T1

T12

L1

L5

Coccyx

Anterior view Right lateral view Posterior view

Cervical curvature

Thoracic curvature

Lumbar curvature

Sacral curvature

Sacrum(S1-5)

Coccyx

Sacrum(S1-5)

Coccyx

Sacrum(S1-5)

Cervical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Atlas (C1)

Axis (C2)

C7

T1

T12

L1

L5

First polar body

Zona pellucidaCorona radiata

Ovum(unfertilized egg)

Chromosomes

Ooplasm

Fallopian tube obstruction

The egg is fertilized in the ovum and then travels to the uterus. If there is an obstruc-tion in the fallopian tube the

egg may not move to the uterus. This can cause an ectopic pre-

gancy (the implanting and devel-opment of the pregnancy outside

the uterus) and infertility.

INFERTILITY

Undescended testicle. Undescended testicle occurs when one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development. Because the testicles are exposed to the higher internal body temperature, compared with the temperature in the scrotum, sperm production may be affected.

Common male causes of infertility

Roundligament

(cut)

Sperm in fallopian tube

Fallopian tube

Ovarianligament

Bodyof uterus

Egg cell (ovum)

Fimbriae

Cervix

Vagina

Endometrium

Myometrium

Perimetrium

Ovary

UterusInfundibulum

Implanted Blastocyst

Broad ligament

A) FertilizationB) Two-cell stageC) Four-cell stageD) Eight-cell stageE) Morula

A

B

C

D

E

Corpus Luteum

Urinary bladder

Symphysis pubis

Clitoris

Urethra

Labium minus

Labium majus

Fallopian tubeOvary

Fundus of uterus

Vaginalcanal

Cervix

Urinary bladder

Uretha

Epididymis

Seminalvesicle

Bulbourethral gland

Testis

Symphysis pubis

Penis

Vas deferens

Prostate gland

Spermatazoon (Sperm)

Tail Middle Head

Mitochondrial sheath Acrosome

What is Infertility?Infertility is commonly used term to describe the biological or physical inability of a person to con-tribute to conception. There are common casues of infertility in women and men that either prevent fertilization or that do not allow a women to carry a pregnancy to full term.

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Common female causes of infertility

Blockage of epididymis or vas deferens. Some men are born with blockage of the part of the testicle that stores sperm (epididymis), or have a block-age of the tube that carries sperm (vas deferens) from the testicle out to the penis.

Testosterone deficiency (male hypogonadism). Infertility can result from disorders of the testicles themselves, or an abnor-mality affecting the glands in the brain that produce hormones that control the testicles (the hypothalamus or pituitary glands).

Varicocele. A varicocele is a swollen vein in the scrotum that may prevent normal cooling of the testicle, leading to re-duced sperm count and motility.

Impaired production or function of spermA number of specific conditions can cause problems with sperm:

Chromosome defects. Inherited disorders of the testes causing abnormal development of the testicles.

Infections. Infection may temporarily affect how your sperm moves. Sexu-ally transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, are most often associated with male infertility. Inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis), urethra or epididymis also may alter sperm motility.

Impaired delivery of spermProblems with the delivery of sperm from the penis into the vagina can result in infertility. Examples of problems that can interfere with sperm delivery include:

Sexual issues. Difficulties with erection of the penis (erectile dysfunc-tion), premature ejaculation, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), or psy-chological or relationship problems can contribute to infertility. Retrograde ejaculation. This occurs when semen enters the bladder dur-ing orgasm rather than emerging out through the penis. Various condi-tions can cause retrograde ejaculation, including diabetes, bladder, prostate or urethral surgery, and the use of certain medications.

No semen (ejaculate). The absence of ejaculate may occur in men with spinal cord injuries or diseases. This fluid carries the sperm from the penis into the vagina.

Environmental exposureOverexposure to certain environmental elements such as heat, toxins and chemicals can reduce sperm production or function. Specific causes include:

* Pesticides and other chemicals. * Overheating the testicles. * Exposure to radiation or X-rays. * Cancer and its treatment.

PreventionMany types of male infertility aren’t pre-ventable. However, there are a few things that you can avoid that are known causes of male infertility:

* Don’t have a vasectomy * Avoid illicit drugs * Don’t drink too much alcohol * If you smoke, quit * Avoid exposure to heat

Cervical narrowing or blockageAlso called cervical stenosis, this can be caused by an inherited malforma-tion or damage to the cervix. The result is that the cervix can’t produce the best type of mucus for sperm mobility and fertilization. In addition, the cervical opening may be closed, preventing any sperm from reaching the egg.

FibroidsBenign polyps or tumors (fibroids or myomas) in the uterus, common in women in their 30s, can impair fertil-ity by blocking the fallopian tubes or by disrupting implantation. However, many women who have fibroids can become pregnant. Scarring within the uterus also can disrupt implantation, and some women born with uterine abnormalities, such as an abnormally shaped (bicornate) uterus, can have problems becoming or remaining pregnant.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)In PCOS, complex changes occur in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary, resulting in overproduction of male hormones (androgens), which affects ovulation. PCOS can also be associat-ed with insulin resistance and obesity.

EndometriosisEndometriosis occurs when tissue that normally grows in the uterus implants and grows in other locations. This extra tissue growth — and the surgical removal of it — can cause scarring, which impairs fertility. Researchers think that the excess tissue may also produce substances that interfere with conception.

Ovulation disordersOvulation disorders account for infertility in 25 percent of infertile couples. These can be caused by flaws in the regulation of reproductive hormones by the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, or by problems in the ovary itself. You have an ovulation disorder if you ovulate infrequently or not at all.

Abnormal FSH and LH secretion. The two hormones responsible for stimulating ovulation each month — follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) — Excess physical or emotional stress or a very high or very low body weight can disrupt this pattern and affect ovulation. The main sign of this problem is irregular or absent periods.

Luteal phase defect. Luteal phase defect happens when your ovary doesn’t produce enough of the hormone progesterone after ovulation.

Premature ovarian failure. This disorder is usually caused by an autoimmune response, where your body mistakenly attacks ovarian tissues. It results in the loss of the eggs in the ovary, as well as in decreased estrogen production.

Damage to fallopian tubes

Causes of fallopian tube damage or blockage can include:

* Inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) due to chlamydia or gonorrhea

* Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis

Unexplained infertilityIn some instances, a cause for infertility is never found. It’s possible that a combination of several minor factors in both partners underlie these unexplained fertility problems.

PreventionIf you’re a woman thinking about getting pregnant soon or

in the future, there are a few ways you can improve your chances of having normal fertility:

* Maintain a normal weight. * Quit smoking.

* Reduce stress. * Limit caffeine.

35 % Tubal & Pelvic

pathology

15%Ovulation

dysfunction

35 % Impaired productionfunction or delivery

of sperm

5%Unusualproblems

10%Unexplained

infertility

Infertility Chart Female Male Both

© 2009 Body Scientific International, LLCSample copy © 1998-2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved.

If getting pregnant has been a challenge for you and your partner, you’re not alone. Ten to 15 per-cent of couples in the United States are infertile. Infertility is defined as not being able to get preg-nant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year. If that definition of infertility

applies to you and your partner, there’s a chance that something treatable may be interfering with your efforts to have a child. Infertility may be due to a single cause in either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that may prevent a pregnancy from occurring or continuing.

Infertility - Your not alone

The body has a network of arteries that carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood from your heart throughout your entire body. When your heart beats, it produces the pressure necessary to pump blood through the arteries to reach all the parts of your body. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart alternates between relaxing and pumping. It is normal for your blood pressure to vary throughout the day depending on your activity level. However, your blood pressure should not stay elevated.

Hypertension – In a person with hypertension (high blood pressure), the heart has to contract with more force to push blood through the arteries. As a result, blood pressure increases. This occurs in most people with age and usually without any signs or symptoms. High blood pressure is usually first noticed during a routine exam at the doctor when they take the blood pressure.

What is Hypertension? What Causes High Blood Pressure?

Affects of Hypertension on the Body

Hypertension often develops without any signs or symptoms. Some risk factors that may contribute to the development of the condition include:

• Kidney disease – Increased blood pressure affects the delicate filtering process in the kidneys.

• Stroke – High blood pressure may damage arteries in the brain, leading to a stroke.

• Heart failure – The heart may abnormally enlarge as it tries to pump harder due to the higher blood pressure. As the ventricles enlarge, they lose the capacity to pump blood effectively and may result in heart failure.

• Aneurysm – High blood pressure may weaken an arterial wall, causing it to balloon out, called an aneurysm.

• Atherosclerosis – High blood pressure may damage the inner lining of arteries. The result is atherosclerorsis or hardening of the arteries. Plaque may build up in the arteries and lead to a heart attack or other vascular disorders.

There are two types of increased blood pressure: primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. More than 90% of people will develop primary hypertension during their lifetime. This type of hypertension develops gradually as you get older without any identifiable reasons.

Less than 10% of people develop secondary hypertension. This type of hypertension develops as a result of another underlying medical condition. It typically appears suddenly, and the blood pressure readings are higher than those seen in individuals with primary hypertension.

Common conditions that may cause secondary hypertension include: kidney disease, tumors, atherosclerosis or certain heart diseases. Additionally, some medications may cause secondary hypertension, so it is always important to consult your doctor before taking new medication.Blood Pressure Measurement

Normal Artery (Elastic)

Blood pressure measurement is written systolic over diastolic blood pressure; for example, 120/80. The systolic number is the measurement of the amount of blood pressure

against the arterial walls as the heart contracts. It is always the larger number. The diastolic number is

the measurement of blood pressure when the heart is relaxing, and is always a smaller

number. Although there is no single “right” blood pressure reading, it is

healthy for the systolic pressure to be below 120 and the diastolic

pressure to be below 80.systolicdiastolic

Blood pressure =

12080

Healthy blood pressure • Being overweight

• Family history• Pre-hypertension• Kidney disease

• Smoking• Eating salty and

fatty foods

Arteriosclerosis (Hardening of Arteries)

14090

Elevated blood pressure

BRAIN

High blood pressure may damage vessels of the retina, affecting eyesight.

• Retina damage –

Severe

Moderate

Mild

Normal High

Normal

Optimal

According to the blood pressure classification by the WHO/ISH

Systolic BP

Diastolic BP

BLOOD PRESSURE CHART

80 85 90 100 110

120

130

140

160

180

Understanding Hypertension

©2008 Body Scientific International, Llc. | All rights reserved | www.bodyscientific.com | BS111

Understanding

OBESITYWhat is ObesityPor as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atior-rum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur, ellandeles perit modi bla volent ipsaerore sitiorumquam nobis mos erum si dem

What causes weight gain that can lead to ObesityPor as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atiorrum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur, ellandeles perit modi bla volent ipsaerore sitiorumquam nobis mos erum si dem aborum ab in pre voluptaecae idemporiorum et ex evel illatet arum quias everi ati acerias sitasse conse soluptat rempore sunt qui si

Inactivity. d quati od eictotat. Por as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atiorrum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur,

Pregnany. d quati od eictotat. Por as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atiorrum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur,

Lack of sleep. d quati od eictotat. Por as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atiorrum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur,

Health Risks Associated with Obesity Por as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa consequi oditini atiorrum quo ea

voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur, ellandeles perit modi bla volent ipsaerore sitiorumquam nobis mos erum si dem aborum ab in pre voluptaecae idemporiorum

et ex evel illatet arum quias everi ati acerias sitasse conse soluptat rempore sunt qui si od quati od eictotat. Por as volum inciaep ersperrum inctota ese pa con-sequi oditini atiorrum quo ea voluptiore vidio. Tasperibus dellum, iur, ellandeles perit modi bla volent ipsaerore sitiorumquam nobis mos erum si dem aborum ab in pre voluptaecae idemporiorum et ex evel illatet arum quias everi ati acerias sitasse conse soluptat rempore sunt qui si od quati od eictotat.

Brain) als;jf;’dksg’;skdg’; sdgjl’ldi gaeop’i ml;ksdj fl;kjsdfgl’ s

Esophagus) als;jf;’dksg’;skdg’; sdgjl’ldi gaeop’i ml;ksdj fl;kjsdfgl’ s

Arteries) als;jf;’dksg’;skdg’; sdgjl’ldi gaeop’i ml;ksdj fl;kjsdfgl’ s

Heart) als;jf;’dksg’;skdg’; sdgjl’ldi gaeop’i ml;ksdj fl;kjsdfgl’






Brain

Brain

Brain

Brain

Brain

Brain

Bones & Joints

How to acheive your optimal weightMy work on obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have evolved to protect us lism. I wondered if the nature of this regulatory system could be clarified

Excerciseon obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have evolved to protect us from starvation. This system must have a means of sensing a and metabolism. I wondered if the natu

Proper Nutrition obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have sensing a body’s level of fat storage and also a me

Consistency obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have evolved body’s level of fat storage and also a me

Visceral FatMy work on obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have evolved to protect us from star-vation. This system must have a means of sensing a body’s level of fat storage and also a means of influencing eating behavior and metabolism. I wondered if the nature of this regulatory system could be clarified by comparing the

Body Shapeson obesity has been shaped by the discovery that fat storage is tightly controlled by a biological system that may have evolved to protect us from starvation. This system must have a means of sensing a body’s level of fat storage and also a means of influencing eat-ing behavior and metabolism. I won-dered if the natu

Where does fat come from The body consists of 30 to 40 billion adipose cells (fat cells) that

provide storage space for extra energy. Adipose cells may be viewed as collapsible, thin walled containers with unlimited storage capacities.

In prehistoric times large fat stores developed when food was available in spring and summer, and this proved biologically advantageous when winters were long and harsh and food was scarce. Energy stored in fat cells could be tapped for use later. This is not the case today. Food is available year-round for most Americans and addition to food stores rather than mainte-nance is not advantageous.

Obesity occurs when adipose cells increase excessively in size (hypertro-phy) and/or number (hyperplasia). Obesity that results from an increase in the size of fat cells is hypertrophic, obesity that results from an increase in the number of fat cells is hyperplastic, and obesity that results from an increase in both is hypertrophic/hyperplastic.

Carb/CalorieIngestion

Digestion

Used or Stored

Long Term Storage

Increased Fat Cell Size

Not Burned, continued storage

Eating and craving for food

© 2010 Body Scientific International, LLC.

The Brain and Pain processingWhen pain stimulation travels up the spinal cord, it arrives at the thalamus. The thalamus forwards the message simultaneously to three specialized regions of the brain: the physical sensation region that identifies and localizes the pain (somatosensory cortex), the emotional feeling region that experiences suffering (limbic system), and the thinking region that assigns meaning to the pain (frontal cortex). Your brain can respond to pain by sending messages to the spinal cord that modulate the incoming pain signals.

Sensory Peripheral NervesSensory nerves send messages from the muscles back to the spinal cord and the brain. Special sensors in the skin and deep inside the body help people identify if an object is sharp, rough, or smooth; if it’s hot or cold; or if it’s standing still or in motion. Sensory nerve damage often results in tingling, numbness, pain, and extreme sensitivity to touch.

Pain StimulationReceptor nerve cells in and beneath your skin sense heat, cold, light, touch, pressure, and pain. You have thousands of these receptor cells, most sense pain and the fewest sense cold. Diabetes may damage protective covering around nerve cells in the limbs. The feet, legs, hands and arms are more prone to injuries due to circulation problmes commonly found in Diabetic patients.

1

Symptoms of PNPThe symptoms of peripheral nerve pain may be constant or may come and go. They’re often worse at night. Suddenly, everyday things that come in contact with the skin—such as bed sheets and socks—may be a source of pain.

Symptoms may include areas that are:

• Hot• Burning• Throbbing• Tender

• Shooting• Aching• Cramping• Stabbing

• numbness or tingling in your feet or hands.

• Glucose control• Relaxation techniques, • Acupuncture• Biofeedback• Hypnosis

• Electrical nerve stimulation• Blood pressure control• Quitting smoking• Avoiding alcohol• Healthy diet & Exercise

Note: Before beginning or changing an exercise program, please consult your healthcare professional.

Spinal nerves carry the pain

signal from the body to the spinal cord in an

area called the dorsal horn. There, they release chemicals

(neurotransmitters) that activate other nerve cells in the spinal cord, which process the information and

then transmit it up to the brain.

Treatments and Living HealthyTogether, you and your healthcare provider can create a plan to help manage your diabetic nerve pain. Along with medication, your plan may include lifestyle changes. Some healthcare professionals may suggest:

Pain Scale

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Spinal Cord & Nerves

What is Pain?Pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong in your body. Pain is your body’s way of sending a warning to your brain. Your spinal cord and nerves provide the pathway for messages to travel to and from your brain and the other parts of your body.

Receptor nerve cells in and beneath your skin sense heat, cold, light, touch, pressure, and pain. You have thousands of these receptor cells, most sense pain and the fewest sense cold. When there is an injury to

your body these tiny cells send messages along nerves into your spinal cord and then up to your brain. Pain

medicine blocks these messages or reduces their effect on your brain.

Dorsal Horn and Pain transmissionIn the spinal cord the pain impulses are processed by a “computer” called the dorsal horn. As pain impulses enter the spinal cord, they synapse primarily on the dorsal horn neurons in the marginal zone and substantia gelatinosa of the gray matter

of the spinal cord. This area is responsible for regulating and

modulating the incoming impulses.

Diabetes and Peripheral Nerve PainInteger id odio et ante consequat lobortis. Praesent est nisi, venenatis vel facilisis ullamcorper, auctor eget nulla. Vestibulum elementum, nulla vel fringilla iaculis, massa dolor bibendum urna, id sollicitudin sem nunc sit amet urna.

Duis ultrices euismod dolor ut condimentum. Nulla lobortis, purus nec mattis tempor, enim eros vehicula tortor, in viverra nibh nulla id orci. Donec pellentesque ante nec lorem interdum malesuada. Nulla imperdiet blandit eros, vel egestas tellus feugiat eu. In mattis, tortor ac gravida commodo, arcu justo tristique sapien, in convallis massa metus facilisis libero.

Nullam rhoncus blandit neque, non tempor massa consectetur nec. Mauris vestibulum dolor vel nunc volutpat quis vulputate dolor fermentum. Curabitur tempus rhoncus turpis, eget consectetur augue luctus in.

Fibromyalgia PainFusce eleifend congue ipsum et congue. Aliquam quis libero. Donec ligula dolor, pharetra ut rhoncus quis, semper et massa. Integer commodo sodales adipiscing. In varius, dolor at scelerisque hendrerit, lectus neque dignissim purus, a vulputate mauris lectus eu mi.

Vivamus erat tortor, laoreet in interdum et, hendrerit non nisi. Sed venenatis enim a purus mollis mattis luctus lorem viverra. Nam hendrerit urna sed nulla vulputate eget consequat nunc scelerisque.

auris lectus velit, ornare vel ornare ac, malesuada tempus leo. Sed scelerisque augue non quam lacinia ut malesuada lorem viverra.

Arthritis PainCras et magna a est lacinia tempus a vitae mi. Proin egestas, nulla at condimentum mat-tis, lacus libero commodo dui, quis commodo augue risus at neque. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Sed auctor ligula quam. Sed lobortis fermentum laoreet. Donec libero nisl, porttitor quis varius vel, ultricies in mi.

Donec libero nulla, vulputate quis vehicula non, blandit ac dolor. Suspendisse aliquam nisl in orci condimentum tempus. Donec accumsan vulputate malesuada. Suspendisse sollici-tudin arcu eu mi iaculis faucibus. Maecenas vitae nisl nunc, eget sollicitudin enim. Aenean leo nibh, hendrerit iaculis ullamcorper eget, sagittis nec leo.

Understanding Peripheral Nerve Pain

©2010BodyScientificInternational,LLC.,Allrightsreserved

Pons

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Corpus callosum

Medula oblongata

Dorsal spinal root

Ventralspinal root

Dorsal ganglion

Spinal nerve

Spinal cord

Dorsal horn

Nerve Synapse in the Dorsal Horn

Peripheral Nerves

Blood vessel

supplying the

nerve

Normal Nerve fiber

Damaged Nerve Fiber

Schwann Cells

Sensory nerve endings

BS125 - Understanding Infertility BS117 - The Human Spine BS118 - Hypertension

BS113 Heart Disease BS102 - Anatomy of the Heart BS115 - Alphabet Anatomy

BS126 - Understanding Obesity BS127 - Understanding Osteoarthritis Pain BS128 - Understanding Peripheral Nerve Pain


BS305 - Anatomy of the Brain BS306 - Human Skeleton BS307 - Urinary System BS308 - Uterus and Ovaries

BS301 - Flu Prevention BS302 - Influenza A (H1N1)

BS303 - Respiratory System BS304 - Digestive System

BS309 - Anatomy of the Eye B310 - How Eye Sight Works BS311 - Anatomy of the Skull BS312 - Osteoarthritis


14



LAMINATED | REPOSITIONABLE | 3 DIMENSIONAL | SPIRAL BOUND | LARGE OR SMALLBody Scientific Anatomical Charts

BS329 - Type 2 Diabetes BS330 - Overactive Bladder Male BS331 - Overactive Blader Female BS332 - BPH

BS325 - Acute Coronary Disease BS326 - Cranial Nerves

BS327 - Breast Cancer BS328 - Complications of Diabetes

BS333 - Osteopororsis BS334 - Human Vertebrae BS335 - Anatomical Alphabet BS346 - The Skin

BS321 - Female Reproductive System BS322 - Hypertension

BS313 - Rheumatoid Arthritis BS314 - Emphysema BS315 - Bronchitis BS316 - Asthma

BS317 - GERD BS318 - Atherosclerosis BS319 - Complications Atherosclerosis BS320 - Male Reproductive System

BS323 - Stroke BS324 - Otitis Media

UNDERSTANDING

the Integumentary system

BS346Illustration, content and design are copyrighted © 2010 Body Scientific International, LLC.

Structure of the Skin

Nail Growth

Structure of the Nail

(Sagittal View)

(Cross Section)

Structure of the Hair

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Sensory receptors

Sebaceous gland

Arrector pili muscle

Hair

Sweat gland

Sweat pore

Direction of growth

Free edge

Cuticle

Cuticle

Lunula

Nail body

Cuticle

Bone of finger

Nail bodyNail bed

Bone of finger

Sebaceous gland

Arrector pili muscle

Medulla

Cortex

Papilla

Hair bulb

Nerve

Vein

Artery

Subcutaneous tissue

Lateral nail grooveHair shaft

Hair follicle

Inner root sheath

Outer root sheath

Cuticle (outer layer of hair shaft)

Notes:

BS346_IntegumentarySystem.indd 1 11/4/10 9:38 AM


16




BS337 - The Heart BS338 - Muscular System BS339 - Major Vessels BS 340 - Skeletal Joints

BS341 Muscle Types

Body Scientific Specialty Charts

Sports Injury Fitness Education Cardiac Emergency Education

Body Scientific’s Database Keeps Growing. Ask how it can be utilized in your next project

BS001

BS003

BS005

BS002

BS004

BS006

BS081

BS083

BS085

BS082

BS084

C

D

F

E

G

A) Convergent

Pectoralis major

C) Multipennate

Deltoid

B) Cricular

Orbicularis oris

D) Fusiform

Biceps brachii

E) Bipennate

Rectus femoris

F) ParallelSartorius

G) UnipennateExtensor digitorum longus

BA

UNDERSTANDING

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSCLES

BS341Illustration, content and design are copyrighted © 2009 Body Scientifi c International, LLC.

Notes:

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Increase brand exposure by providing the doctor with a tool that aids the Doctor-Patient interaction.

The wipe off easels are desktop size with engaging colorful illustrations and designs on 2 sides. Simplified anatomy and information is a perfect educational tools that can assist the physician to better explain complex information to the patient.

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2012 PhaRma Cataloge

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Transcript of 2012 PhaRma Cataloge