2012 MATC Spring Lecture Series: Karla Lechtenberg
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Transcript of 2012 MATC Spring Lecture Series: Karla Lechtenberg
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SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF WORK-ZONE DEVICES UNDER MASH
TESTING
Karla LechtenbergMidwest Roadside Safety FacilityNebraska Transportation CenterUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln
June 2012
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Outline
• 3-5 learning objectives…
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Background
• NCHRP Report No. 350• Crash test conditions at Test-Level 3 (TL-3)
– 1,808-lb small car (820C) • 22 mph• 62 mph
– Normally tested at 0°and 90° orientations
– 4,409-lb pickup truck (2000P) not used
0°Orientation
90°Orientation
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Problem Statement
• Work zone signs only tested with small car• Systems tuned for small car• Simulated pickup truck tests indicated failure• MASH requires pickup truck testing• Current WZ sign systems may not meet MASH
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Pickup Truck Bogie Testing
Potential for sign to penetrate windshield5
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Research Objectives
• Determine if current WZ sign systems meet MASH• Identify WZ hardware parameters that increase propensity for failure• Provide guidelines and recommendations
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Research Plan
• Analytical study– Evaluate all full-scale tests– Study individual hardware parameters– Select work zone sign systems with a propensity for failure
• Conduct 4 full-scale tests– 2 small car and 2 pickup truck– 2 systems per test
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Previous Testing
• Small Car Crash Tests– 157 full scale
• Pickup Truck Tests– 157 full scale – 18 bogie tests
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
System Parameters
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Methods of Failure
• Severe Windshield Cracking and Failure• Windshield Indentation ≥ 3 inches• Windshield Penetration• Other Occupant Compartment Penetration• Roof Deformation ≥ 4 inches
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Vehicle Parameters
Vehicle Parameter 820C 1100C 2000P 2270P
Hood Length [in.] 31.5 34.7 45.1 41
Height to bumper [in.] 18 18 26 27
Height to roof [in.] 58 55.5 73.3 75.8
Windshield Angle 39° 32° 42° 34°
Windshield Length [in.] 30.2 28.1 26.8 31.5
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Predicted Performance
• Sign trajectory• Vehicle geometry• Classified by risk of failure
– 1: 75-100% – 2: 50-75% – 3: 25-50% – 4: 0-25%
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Important Parameters for Failure
≥50% of systems with a parameter were predicted to fail for either vehicle• Both Vehicles
– Height to top of mast– Sign panel material– Mast stages– Mast material– Flag staff material– Orientation
• Car Only– Height to top of flags– Sign-locking mechanism
• Truck Only– Base layout
13
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
System Analysis
• Systems that were predicted to fail MASH by:– Windshield penetration – Other occupant compartment penetration– Roof deformation
• Analyzed systems based on combinations of important parameters
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Critical Parameters for 2270P Test Failure
Low-Mounting Height• X-footprint base
– Spring base– Aluminum and vinyl panel – 0 and 90 degree orientations– With flags
• Parallel Dual Uprights– Aluminum panel– 0 degree orientation– Without flags
High-Mounting Height• X-footprint base
– Spring base or slipbase– Aluminum panel– 90 degree orientation– With flags
• Parallel Dual Uprights– Aluminum panel– 90 degree orientation– Without flags
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Critical Parameters for 1100C Test Failure
Low-Mounting Height• X-footprint base
– Spring base– Flags– Aluminum panel @ 0 degree
orientation– Vinyl panel @ 90 degree
orientation
Low-Mounting Height• Parallel Dual Uprights
– Aluminum Panel– 0 and 90 degree orientations– No flags
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Crash Testing Requirements
• MASH Test Level 3 Criteria– 5,000 lb pickup truck, 62 mph– 2,425 lb small passenger car, 62 mph
• Evaluation Criteria– Structural Adequacy– Occupant Risk– Vehicle Trajectory
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Full-Scale Crash Testing
• 4 small car tests at 62 mph (Test Designation No. 3-71)• 4 pickup truck tests at 62 mph (Test Designation No. 3-72)
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-1A
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-1A
• FAILURE
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-1B
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-1B
• FAILURE
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-2A
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-2A
• PASS
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-2B
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-2B
• FAILURE
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-3A
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-3A
• FAILURE
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-3B
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-3B
• PASS
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-4A
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-4A
• FAILURE– Windshield penetration– Floorboard penetration
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-4B
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
WZ09-4B
• PASS
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Test Summary
• 3 of the 8 systems passed MASH evaluation criteria– 3 of the 4 systems failed with the pickup truck– 2 of the 4 systems failed with the small car
• Comparing systems with similar parameters can be difficult
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Important for MASH Failure
Parameter Pickup Truck Small Car Sign Panel Material Aluminum Aluminum
Height to Top of Mast 75-135 in. 59-110 in.
Presence of Flags Without FlagsWith and Without
Flags
OrientationBoth 0 and 90
degreesBoth 0 and 90
degreesSign Locking Mechanism NA Rigid BracketsBase Layout X-footprint NA
Designers cautioned against using important parameters
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Midwest Roadside Safety Facility
Design Aides
1Breakaway Mechanism Height: Low ≤ 24”, High > 24” or no breakaway mechanism2Chance of Failing MASH: 1 - 75 to 100%, 2 – 50 to 75%, 3 – 25 to 50%, 4 – 0 to 25%, 5 – Unknown
1
2
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Slide design © 2009, Mid-America Transportation Center. All rights reserved.
Center for Transportation Research Education at Iowa StateMid-America Transportation CenterPrivate Industry
For more information, the report can be found:http://www.intrans.iastate.edu/smartwz/details.cfm?projectID=82
CREDITS