2012 8-2 Powerpoints

Period 4

Organic Compounds

• Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon.• The term organic is used because scientists once thought they

could only be produced by living things.• However they can be found in products made from living things and

in materials produced artificially in laboratories and factories.• Organic compounds are part of the solid matter of every organism

on Earth.• Plastics, fuels, cleaning solutions, and many other products contain

organic compounds.• Many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of

melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility.

Where Organic Compounds Are Found• Part of Living Things: Ex. Muscle, blood, seeds leaves, feathers, & skin.

• From Living Things: Ex. Wool, cotton, wood, silk, paper, & natural gas.

• Produced Artificially: Ex. Gasoline, fleece, plastics, shampoo, detergent, & cosmetics.

Hydrocarbons

By: Karly Bonzi, Juan Rodriguez and Derek Allis

• Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Hydrocarbons are also flammable.

• Hydrocarbons are used as fuel for stoves, heaters, cars, buses, and airplanes.

• Hydrocarbon: simplest organic compound, only carbon and hydrogen.

Properties of hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon compounds differ in the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule.

The simplest hydrocarbon is methane. Its chemical formula is CH4.

A hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms is ethane. (C4H6).

8.2 Structure of Hydrogen Carbons

• Carbon chains in a hydrogen bon may be straight, branched, or ringed shaped

• 2 or more atoms can form a single line or straight line

• 4 or more carbon atoms are possible to have a branched arrangement of the Carbon atoms

• Structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule• Each dash (-) represents a bond

8.2Ethane and Propane- each carbon atom is bonded to at least one Carbon atom as well as to hydrogen atomsCarbon atoms forms 4 bondsHydrogen atom forms 1 bondNever any dangling bonds

Isomers

By: Annika Muñoz-Christian, Kayla Flores, Jason Del Castillo and Jesus

Roman

Double and Triple Bonds

• Structure formulas share single bonds between 2 carbon atoms.

• Single dash= single bond• Carbon also forms double or triple bonds with

only 2 carbons• (C=C) Is a double bond. (C=C) is a triple bond.• Carbon also forms single or double bonds with

an oxygen atom.

Isomers

• Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas.

• Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties

• Chemical formula of Butane: C4 H10

• This formula doesn’t show how the atoms are arranged in the molecule.

Isomers

• Notice in the pictures below that a molecule of one isomer, butane, is a straight chain.

• A molecule of the other isomer isobutane is a branched chain.

• Both molecules have 4 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms, but the atoms are arranged differently in the 2 molecules.

• These 2 compounds have different properties

Classification1.Hydrocarbons are classified by their types of bonds.2.Single bonds already have the most carbons on its chain and therefore its

called a saturated hydrocarbon. These can be thought of as filled up.3.If they have a double or triple bond it is a Unsaturated Hydrocarbon.4.In a Hydrocarbon name ending with “ane” it is saturated and if its

unsaturated it would end with “ene” or “yne”

Substituted Hydrocarbons and Compounds

Containing Halogens Page 302Team 6

Stephanie, Goki, and Mitchel

Substituted Hydrocarbons

• Hydrocarbons contains only carbon and hydrogen

• Carbon can form stable bonds with several other elements, including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and members of the halogen family

• If only one atom of another element is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a different compound is created

Compounds Containing Halogens

• Some substituted hydrocarbons, one or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms.

• Freon (CCL2F2), was widely used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air conditioners

• When freon was damagine the environment, its use was banned in the United States

Alcohols and organic acids

By Westen Meyer, Carter Grant, and Cole Westwood

Vocab• Substituted hydrocarbons: In this, atoms of other

elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.

• Alcohol: a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups.

• Organic Acid: A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups.

• Carboxyl Group: this group is written as -COOH• Ester: a compound made by chemically combining an

alcohol and an organic acid.

EstersMany esters have a pleasant, fruity smell. Esters are responsible for the smells of pineapples, bananas, strawberries, and apples. Esters can be ingredients in medications, including aspirin and the local anesthetic used by dentists. Esters are also sometimes responsible for pleasant flavors. Esters are compounds made by chemically combining an alcohol and organic acid.

Alcohols

An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups. Most alcohols dissolve well in water and have high boiling points. For instance the alcohol methanol is liquid at room temperature, while hydrocarbon methane is a gas. Methanol, which is extremely toxic, is used to make plastic and synthetic fibers.

Substituted Hydrocarbons

What are some characteristics of substituted hydrocarbons, esters, and polymers?Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Also, hydrocarbons are flammable. The carbon chains in a hydrocarbon may be straight, branched, or ring-shaped.

Compounds Containing Halogens

In some substituted hydrocarbons, one or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms. The halogen family includes flourine, bromine, and iodine. Some of the elements can cause severe health problems, and can damage the environment.

This is an example of the element flourine, which is highly toxic.

Organic Acids

An organic acid that is in many fruits like oranges and lemons is citric acid. Citric acid is what makes most fruits sour, as well as other foods. For instance, Acetic acid is the main ingredient in vinegar, and Malic acid is in apples.

Malic Acid Appleis in this

Polymers and Esters

Sam, Grace, Thomas and Henry.

Polymers

Polymers are long chemical strings of monomers, which are smaller chemicals.

You can think of it as a long stringof beads.

Esters

• Esters are fruity smelling and they taste sweet.They can smell like different fruits likepineapple, apple, banana, strawberry, and

others.Esters are made of alcohols and organic acids.

They can be in natural or organic substances.