2012 03-24
description
Transcript of 2012 03-24
Updated March 2012
Introduction to
Buddhism2012/03/24
Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple
Updated March 2012
Buddhist Association of CanadaCham Shan Temple
ná mó fó tuó南 無 佛 陀
Namo Buddha
ná mó dá mó 南 無 達 摩
Namo Dharma
ná mó sēng qié南 無 僧 伽
Namo Sangha
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Previous Classes Review
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
佛教的教理 – Dharma, Teaching of Buddha1. 三法印 3 Dharma Seals
2. 四依法 4 Reliance
3. 十善 10 Good Deeds
4. 四聖諦 4 Noble Truths
5. 八正道 8 Fold Path
6. 十二因緣 12 Links of Causation
7. 六度 6 Paramitas
8. 八萬四千法門 84,000 Approaches
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Belief
“Every existent is compounded by causes and conditions and is void of an independent self”
THE TEACHINGS OF THE BUDDHA by Dharma Master Fa-Fang
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Buddhist Association of Canada
三法印 – 3 Zeal of the Dharma
諸行無常Impermanent
諸法無我No self
湼槃寂靜Nirvana
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Buddhist Association of Canada
Four Noble Truths 四諦十六行相
道Eightfold Path to end suffering道 , 理 , 行 , 出
苦 Suffering苦 , 無常 , 空 , 無我
集 Cause of suffering集 , 因 , 生 , 緣
滅 Cessation of the cause of suffering滅 , 靜 , 妙 , 離
果Effect
因Cause
世間Mundane
出世間Supra-mundane
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Dukkha
1 ordinary suffering (dukkha-dukkha)
2 dukkha as produced by change (veparinama-dukkha)
3 dukkha as conditioned states (samkhara-dukkha)
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Buddhist Association of Canada
Dukkha as conditioned states
Most important philosophical aspect of the First Noble Truth
The Buddha says :– 'In short these five aggregates of attachment
are dukkha’
– 'O bhikkhus, what is dukkha? It should be said that it is the five aggregates of attachment’
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
The Five Aggregates
1. Form
2. Sensations
3. Perceptions
4. Mental Formations and Volition
5. Consciousness
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Yogacara - Mind Only school
VasanasStore Consciousness
subconscious - subliminal(Alayavijñana) 8
Function Consciousness (6 kinds)
(Pravrittivijñana)
Other SkandhasConditions
Arising of the ego-consciousness (manas) 7
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Five aggregates
The five aggregates are in flux of momentary arising and disappearing
One thing disappears, conditioning the appearance of the next in a series of cause and effect.
There is no unchanging substance in them.
There is nothing behind them that can be called a permanent Self (Atman)
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
No Soul-Anatta
Mere suffering exists, but no sufferer is found; The deeds are, but no doer is found
Buddhaghosa
There is no unmoving mover behind the movement
Thought itself is the thinker
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Second Noble Truth
集 Cause of suffering集 , 因 , 生 , 緣因
Cause
世間Mundane
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Buddhist Association of Canada
The Arising of Dukkha
Depends on ’thirst', desire, greed, craving or attachment to
Sense pleasure Views Conceptions
Wealth and Power Opinions Beliefs
Ideas and Ideals Theories
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
The Arising of Dukkha
Thirst gives rise to all forms of suffering and the continuity of beings
Thirst depends for its arising (samudaya) on sensation (vedana)
Sensation depends on contact (phassa)
And so on….
‘Thirst' has as its centre the false idea of self arising out of ignorance
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Ignorance (Avidya) 無明Delusion, full of confusion ( 惑 ) – the fundamental seeds of all sufferings.Two
categories: 1. Incorrect understanding or misconception ( 見惑 )2. Incorrect thoughts ( 思惑 ) – the function of incorrect understandingFour contra-facts ( 四顛倒 ): Take impermanence, sufferings, no-self, unclean as
permanence happiness self clean ( 以無常苦無我不淨為常樂我淨 ) :: 依四念處消除顛倒「觀身不淨、觀受是苦、觀心無常、觀法無我」。
Four severity levels of Avidya: People with sharp faculties believe in and accept the Dharma teaching as soon as they are exposed to; with fruitful present conditions believe in and accept the Dharma teaching after diligent effort by the expounders; with weak faculties or little good deeds believe in and accept the Dharma after persevered effort by the expounders; with severe karmic obstacles never believe in or respect the Dharma teaching in this lifetime. 或
有利根,聞即信受。或有善果,勤勸成就 。 或有暗頓,久化方歸 。 或有業 重,不生景仰 。 ( 地藏菩薩本願經 Ksitagarbha Bodhisattva’s Fundamental
Vows Sutra)Complete cleansing of misconceptions and incorrect thoughts is the first level of
enlightenment – Shravaka ( 聲聞 )
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Buddhist Association of Canada
6 Fundamental Avidyas 六根本煩惱
Greed ( 貪 )
Anger ( 瞋 )
Ignorance ( 癡 )
Arrogance ( 慢 )
Doubt about Dharma ( 疑 )
Incorrect understanding or misconception ( 見惑 )
Self ( 身見 ) – me, I have, I am ( 我 , 我所 , 我主 )
Dichotomy ( 邊見 ) – this or that, existence or empty
Precept ( 戒取見 ) – e.g. asceticism ( 苦行 )
Prejudices or bias ( 見取見 )
All other improper views ( 邪見 ) – the law of causality
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Causes of an Human Being
There are four Nutriments (ahara) in the sense of 'cause' or 'condition’ necessary for the existence and continuity of beings:
1. Ordinary material food
2. Contact of our sense-organs with the external world
3. Consciousness
4. Mental volition or Will (It creates the root of existence and continuity, striving forward by way of good and bad actions (4th aggregate)
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
十二因緣與三世因果 12 Links in Chain of Causation - 3 Periods in Life Cycle
過去因 2 past causes
惑 Avidya 無明 Delusion
業 Karma 行 Action
現世果5 present effects
苦 Dukkha
識 Consciousness
名色 Name and form (corporeality and mentality)
六入 Six sense organs
觸 Contact/Impression
受 Perception/Feeling
現世因3 present causes
惑 Avidya 愛 Desire/Craving
取 Grasping/Clinging
業 Karma 有 Existence
未來果2 future effects
苦 Dukkha
生 Birth
老死 Death
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
12 Links of Causation
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
www.ChamShanTemple.org
www.shengguangshi.blogspot.comShengguang Shi 釋聖光Tom Cheung 張湘棠Kam Cheung 張仁勤
Questions and Comments 討論
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Buddhist Association of Canada
yuàn xiāo sān zhàng zhū fán năo
願消三障諸煩惱We wish to rid ourselves of the three hindrances and all klesas.
yuàn dé zhì huì zhēn míng lĭao
願得智慧真明了We wish to gain wisdom and real understanding.
pŭ yuàn zuì zhàng xī xiāo chú
普願罪障悉消除 We wish all sinful hindrances to be totally eradicated.
shì shì cháng xíng pú sà dào
世世常行菩薩道In one life after another we always follow Bodhisattvas’ paths.
回向Parinamana (Transfer of Merit)
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
The Arising of Dukkha
The arising of dukkha is within dukkha itself
Thus dukkha (Five Aggregates) has within itself the nature of its own arising, and has also within itself the nature of its own cessation
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
名色 Name and Form
The four great elements: Solid, Liquid, Gas, Energy begin to converge ( 四大 , 地水火風聚合 ) into five aggregates / skandhas ( 五蘊、五蔭 ), creates the fetus from which body, organs, and senses begin to develop.
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
The doctrine of no soul: Anatta
Paticca-samuppada 'Conditioned Genesis’: 1. Through ignorance are conditioned volitional
actions or karma-formations 2. Through volitional action is conditioned
consciousness 3. Through consciousness are conditioned
mental and physical phenomena 4. Through mental and physical physical
phenomena are conditioned the six faculties 5. Through the six faculties is conditioned
contact
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
The doctrine of no soul: Anatta 6. Through (sensorial and mental) contact is
conditioned sensation 7. Through sensation is conditioned desire,
'thirst’ 8. Through desire ('thirst') is conditioned
clinging 9. Through clinging is conditioned the process
of becoming 10. Through the process of becoming is
conditioned birth 11. Through birth are conditioned 12. decay, death
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Five effects in the present 現在果
識 Consciousness名色 Name and Form六入 Cognitive Sense faculties/organs觸 Contact - Our sense organs or faculties begin to receive external stimuli.受 Feelings - Five types: Sadness, Happiness, Depression, Joy, Equanimity ( 苦樂憂喜捨 )
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Three causes in the present 現在因愛 Attachments - Dwelling on things, tangible or intangible, dwelling on likes and dislikes.取 Grasping - Driven by our attachments, we pursue conditions.有 Existence - New seeds resulted from grasping are deposited in ourconsciousness. These seeds with proper conditions will produce the future rebirth.
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Dukkha effect in the future 未來苦果生 Birth, the karmic effect of our current Attachment, Grasping, and Existence. As soon as there is Birth, Aging and Death are unavoidable.老死 Aging and Death, Death is the worst of all sufferings: Buddha told us it’s like “a live turtle being de-shelled” 『生龜脫殼』 , and like “a live body being sliced up by blizzard of knives” 『風刀解體』
加拿大佛教會 © 2006 Buddhist Association of Canada
Buddhist Association of Canada
Cultivation approach 修道解脫
The repeating cycle of death-and-rebirth never ends unless the chain is broken.
Control the three causes in the present life: Attachments ( 愛 ), Grasping ( 取 ), and Existence ( 有 ).
Breaking out from the chain to liberates from the vicious suffering cycle of death-and-rebirth.
Pratyeka-Buddha ( 緣覺 ) accomplish their level of enlightenment by breaking out of the chain.