Our Operational and Maintenance experiencesnear active volcanoes.

OurOur OperationalOperational andand MaintenanceMaintenance experiencesexperiencesnear active volcanoes.near active volcanoes.

ANAAll Nippon Airways Co.,Ltd. JAPAN

ANAANAAll Nippon Airways Co.,Ltd. JAPAN

~ Today’s presentation ~

Operational Experience

We have operated flights in airports nearby active volcanoeswith careful attention to data of precise observation, upper winddirection and the diffusion forecast in case of eruption.

From our experiences of Grímsvötn this year, we believegraphics or charts issued by VAAC is “useful to determine go/nogo in flight operations” even though all modeled ashconcentrations are subject to a level of uncertainty. ANA wouldlike to request to all VAACs to issue trustworthy forecasted ashgraphics/charts by consistent model.

~ Today’s presentation ~

Maintenance Experience

Avoiding visible ash in flight operation is effective.

Based on our experience, both in-flight and on-groundoperation in invisible lower contaminated area does not affectairframes and engines in maintenance perspective.

Our operational experiences along with others must be takeninto account by OEM/TCHs and IVATF members in establishingmaintenance instruction and guideline .

~Our Presentation at IVATF/1~

Operational ExperienceOperational Experience

We shared our experiences in Kagoshima airport,southwest of Japan, near Sakurajima volcano.We sharedWe shared our experiences in Kagoshima airport,our experiences in Kagoshima airport,southwest of Japan, nearsouthwest of Japan, near SakurajimaSakurajima volcano.volcano.

Upper wind (around Sakurajima) forecast data from JMA.ANA’s internal airport report informed by Kagoshima STC.Explosion detection system in Kagoshima STC.

JMA: Japan Meteorological AgencySTC: ANA Station Control

/ Operation Office

Dispatchers and Pilots use following resources in operationto mitigate risk of volcanic ash in case of Sakurajima eruption:

~Our Presentation at IVATF/1~

Maintenance ExperienceMaintenance Experience

We shared our experiences in Kagoshima airport,southwest of Japan, near Sakurajima volcano.We shared our experiences in Kagoshima airport,We shared our experiences in Kagoshima airport,southwest of Japan, nearsouthwest of Japan, near SakurajimaSakurajima volcano.volcano.

More than 30 years of operation in Kagoshima Airport,More than 30 years of operation in Kagoshima Airport,ANA hasANA has notnot experienced significant damages or problemsexperienced significant damages or problems forforboth engines and airframesboth engines and airframes due to volcanic ash from Sakuradue to volcanic ash from Sakura--jimajima..

Volcanic ash from Sakurajima volcano,view from Kagoshima airport control tower

~Our Presentation at IVATF/1~

Maintenance ExperienceMaintenance Experience

In 15In 15--year records, actual 66year records, actual 66--day falling ash were reported atday falling ash were reported atKagoshima airport.Kagoshima airport.

Total 551 flights were operated (landing and takeTotal 551 flights were operated (landing and take--off) in theoff) in theaffected date and time.affected date and time.

156156 airplanes and more than 353 engines were affectedairplanes and more than 353 engines were affected.. Routine scheduled maintenance, routine BSI and engineRoutine scheduled maintenance, routine BSI and engine

overhaul have not shown any serious damages due to volcanicoverhaul have not shown any serious damages due to volcanicash.ash.

Unfortunately, actual quantity of falling ash has not beenUnfortunately, actual quantity of falling ash has not beencounted at Kagoshima airport.counted at Kagoshima airport.

However, local communities measure weight of falling ash forHowever, local communities measure weight of falling ash forvarious reasons as such measuring effect of human health andvarious reasons as such measuring effect of human health andgovernment subsidy of agriculture.government subsidy of agriculture.

~Our Presentation at IVATF/1~

Maintenance ExperienceMaintenance Experience=One Example==One Example=

<Apr. 04, 2010 0840<Apr. 04, 2010 0840--1020>1020>Falling ash were reported atFalling ash were reported atKagoshima airport.Kagoshima airport. MizobeMizobe Local CommunityLocal Community

reported 5 g/m2reported 5 g/m2accumulation and Hayatoaccumulation and HayatoLocal Community reportedLocal Community reported75 g/m2.75 g/m2.

Assumed at least 5 g/m2Assumed at least 5 g/m2were accumulated atwere accumulated atKagoshima airport.Kagoshima airport.

KagoshimaAirport

Sakurajima

Mizobe LocalCommunity

Hayato LocalCommunity

25 Km

(15.6 miles

~Our Presentation at IVATF/1~

Maintenance ExperienceMaintenance Experience=One Example==One Example=

<Apr. 04, 2010 0840<Apr. 04, 2010 0840--1020>1020> Two 737s, three 767s, one 777s and one A320 airplanes wereTwo 737s, three 767s, one 777s and one A320 airplanes were

operated at Kagoshima airport during the time.operated at Kagoshima airport during the time. Except one 767 airplane, C checks were completed for theseExcept one 767 airplane, C checks were completed for these

airplanes since April 2010 and no damages were found due toairplanes since April 2010 and no damages were found due tovolcanic ash.volcanic ash.

3 CF63 CF6--80C2, 2 PW4000 and 2 CFM5680C2, 2 PW4000 and 2 CFM56--3C1 engines were3C1 engines wereoverhauled and no damages related with volcanic ash were found.overhauled and no damages related with volcanic ash were found.

~Volcanic Eruptions in Japan~

There are 3 active volcanoes in Kyusyu-islands.【 1. Sakurajima 2. Kirishimayama (Shinmoe-dake)

3. Asosan 】

There areThere are 33 active volcanoes in Kyusyuactive volcanoes in Kyusyu--islands.islands.【【 1.1. SakurajimaSakurajima 2.2. KirishimayamaKirishimayama ((ShinmoeShinmoe--dakedake))

3.3. AsosanAsosan 】】

Kirishimayama

Tokyo

Western JapaneseAirports

Sakurajima

Asosan

Kyusyu-islands

~Current Sakurajima Volcano~

Sakurajima volcano has been erupting continuously.(Total 1026times in 2010, 446times in 2011(till June 13)

SakurajimaSakurajima volcano has been erupting continuously.volcano has been erupting continuously.(Total 1026times in 2010, 446times in 2011(till June 13)(Total 1026times in 2010, 446times in 2011(till June 13)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism/Osumi river and road office live camera

The ash column of Sakurajima reaches about 6,000ft in average,and sometimes exceeds 10,000ft.

EruptionExplosive Eruption

Japan Meteorological Agency

Volcanic Ash (VA) has sometimes been observedaround Kagoshima airport when upper wind flows from SW.

~New Kirishimayama Volcano~

Kirishimayama (Shinmoe-dake) volcanostarted eruptions in January, 2011.KirishimayamaKirishimayama ((ShinmoeShinmoe--dakedake) volcano) volcanostarted eruptions in January, 2011.started eruptions in January, 2011.

In the beginning of the eruption (JAN), continuous high ash column(about 15,000ft) approached Miyazaki airport.

We were compelled to cancel some flights of Miyazaki airportdue to the volcanic ash fall, and to change the air route in the area asfollow:

MTSAT 0800Z 26 JAN 11

Miyazaki AirportKagoshima Airport

Avoidance Route Normal Route

~New Kirishimayama Volcano~

After the middle of February, 2011, Kirishimayama volcano hasbeen erupting intermittently like Sakurajima volcano.

We had established alternative operational plan nearthe volcano.

Dispatchers and Pilots use following resources in the operationto mitigate the risk of volcanic ash in case of Kirishimayama eruption:

Upper wind (around Kirishimayama) forecast data from JMA.Diffusion and ash fall forecast charts from JMA and ANA.Actual pilot reports from served airlines (ANA, JAL, AAR).

JMA: Japan Meteorological Agency

~Kirishimayama Experience~

Miyazaki Airport

Kirishimayama

Sakurajima

Kagoshima Airport

12 nm33 nm

The ash column height is about 7300～14600ft.Volcanic ash fall is observed ･･･ 10 days at Miyazaki airport.

1 day at Kagoshima airport.

Upper wind forecast data from JMA

Usually above 10000ftUsually above 10000ft WW’’lyly windwindin winterin winter ~~ spring.spring.

~Kirishimayama Experience~

Diffusion and ash fall forecast charts from JMA and ANA

Dispatchers add extra fuel for avoiding VA or holding,and select suitable alternate airport for passenger handlingaccording to the forecast data in case of Kirishimayama eruption.

Japan Meteorological Agency

ANA (All Nippon Airways)

~Kirishimayama Experience~

The last eruption is 18APR, but seismic activity is still on active.

JMA and some universities established precise observationsystem, and found eruption regularities follows:

I ) Angle meter near the volcano indicates expansionfrom a few days before the eruption.

II) Seismic activity is more active from a few days before the eruption.

Japan Meteorological Agency

JMA issues the volcanic activity datatwice per week, and when theabnormal data is observed,we make a proper response.

Data of angle meter

△：Eruption

Number of earthquake

Eruption regularities after the middle of FEB

~Kirishimayama Experience~

Pictures of Miyazaki Airport in the morning on February 3, 2011

= Fallout condition =

~Kirishimayama Experience~ In the afternoon of February 2, 2011 explosive eruption

was reported and invisible ash fell down to MiyazakiAirport.

All flights in the afternoon were cancelled or diverted.

From the night of February 2 through the morning ofFebruary 3, runway of the airport were swept, but were notable to be swept completely in entire airport as such ramparea and taxiway.

In the morning of February 3, operation were restored.Volcanic ash on the surface of ramp area and taxiway wasnot recognizable.

However, when engines were run up, we found that it wasin so-called fallout condition. We believe invisible ash felldown through the night.

~Kirishimayama Experience~

In the morning on February 3, two A320, one 737-800 andone 737classic airplanes took off and landed at MiyazakiAirport.

Additional BSIs and routine BSI were performed for thoseairplanes later and no damages were found.

These condition shows typical fallout condition atKagoshima airport due to Sakurajima volcano ash.We had more than 30 years of operation at Kagoshimaairport and found nothing serious.

In case Airframe and Engine Manufacturers establishmaintenance requirement of fallout condition, Japaneseairlines experiences should be fully considered.

~Asosan Volcano~

Asosan volcano started eruptions this May, 2011.AsosanAsosan volcano started eruptions this May, 2011.volcano started eruptions this May, 2011.

The average ash column height is about 4600ft,and ash fall is not observed near the airports.

Volcanic vent at Asosan volcano

JMA 16MAY11

Kumamoto airport and Asosan volcano.

Asosan Volcano

We have to note the activity of Asosanbecause there are many airports such as Oita,Saga, Fukuoka and Nagasaki around Asosan.

~Our experience in Grímsvötn ~

We established ‘Volcanic Level ’ for the eruption.We establishedWe established ‘‘VVoollccaanniicc LLeevveell ’’ for the eruption.for the eruption.

We have four routes between Japan and Europe;【Tokyo Narita】 ⇔ 【London】, 【Paris】, 【Frankfurt】, 【München 】

We used the following charts for decision of the level.I ) Volcanic Ash Advisory (Issued Graphics)

II ) Modeled Ash Concentration Chart

LEVEL 1 : No ash prediction that affect airports and flight routes.LEVEL 2 : Modeled Ash Concentration Chart shows

Low Concentration Area covers airports and flight routes.LEVEL 3 : Modeled Ash Concentration Chart shows

Medium Concentration Area or High Concentration Areacovers airports and flight routes.

LEVEL 4 : Airports or air space is closed byEURO control or each airport authority.

LEVEL 1LEVEL 1 : No ash prediction that affect airports and flight routes.LEVEL 2LEVEL 2 : Modeled Ash Concentration Chart shows

Low Concentration AreaLow Concentration Area covers airports and flight routes.LEVEL 3LEVEL 3 : Modeled Ash Concentration Chart shows

Medium Concentration AreaMedium Concentration Area or High Concentration AreaHigh Concentration Areacovers airports and flight routes.

LEVEL 4LEVEL 4 : Airports or air space is closed byEURO control or each airport authority.

~Our experience in Grímsvötn ~

LEVEL 1 : Normal Operation as usual.

LEVEL 2 : i) Select alternate airport that will not be covered with volcanic ash.ii) Load extra fuel enough to reach other Online airports in Europe.iii) The amount of loaded fuel is decided by Pilot in command

and flight dispatcher.

LEVEL 3 : Operational judgments will be done by usingModeled Ash Concentration Chart and the following data:

i) Information from EURO control or each airport authorityii) Operational situations of other airlinesiii) PIREP iv) Ash diffusion forecast v) Satellite data

LEVEL 4 : No operation.

LEVEL 1LEVEL 1 : Normal Operation as usual.

LEVEL 2LEVEL 2 : i) Select alternate airport that will not be covered with volcanic ash.ii) Load extra fuel enough to reach other Online airports in Europe.iii) The amount of loaded fuel is decided by Pilot in command

and flight dispatcher.

LEVEL 3LEVEL 3 : Operational judgments will be done by usingModeled Ash Concentration Chart and the following data:

i) Information from EURO control or each airport authorityii) Operational situations of other airlinesiii) PIREP iv) Ash diffusion forecast v) Satellite data

LEVEL 4LEVEL 4 :: No operation.

In the flight planning

Handling Policy corresponded to the ‘Volcanic Level ’Handling Policy corresponded to the ‘‘VVoollccaanniicc LLeevveell ’’

~Our experience in Grímsvötn ~

I ) Avoid the area/over the area indicated byModeled Ash Concentration Chart as much as possible.

II) Within the area of Volcanic Ash Advisory (Issued Graphics),Flight available except for

Medium Concentration Area or High Concentration Areaindicated by Modeled Ash Concentration Chart.

(But do not fly long time in the area as much as possible)

I ) Avoid the area/over the areaAvoid the area/over the area indicated byModeled Ash Concentration Chart as much as possible.

II) Within the area of Volcanic Ash Advisory (Issued Graphics),Flight available except for

Medium Concentration AreaMedium Concentration Area or High Concentration AreaHigh Concentration Areaindicated by Modeled Ash Concentration Chart.

(But do not fly long time in the area as much as possible)(But do not fly long time in the area as much as possible)

In the route selection

Handling Policy corresponded to the ‘Volcanic Level ’Handling Policy corresponded to the ‘‘VVoollccaanniicc LLeevveell ’’

We understand the uncertainty around the source termin the modelling, but in this time, graphics or charts issued by London VAACgraphics or charts issued by London VAAC

was very useful to determine go/no go in flight operations!was very useful to determine go/no go in flight operations!

Such information will reduce the confusion among carriers,Such information will reduce the confusion among carriers,andand we would like otherwe would like other VAACsVAACs to issue graphics/charts like London VAAC.to issue graphics/charts like London VAAC.