2011 Senior External Examination Biology Paper Two ... · 2011 Senior External Examination Biology...

2011 Senior External Examination

Biology Thursday 27 October 2011

Paper Two — Question and response book 1 pm to 3:10 pm

Time allowed

• Perusal time: 10 minutes

• Working time: 2 hours

Examination materials provided

• Paper Two — Question and response book

• Notepaper

Equipment allowed

• QSA-approved equipment

• non-programmable calculator

• one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes

Directions

Do not write in this book during perusal time.

Paper One has two parts:

• Part A — Continuity of life

• Part B — Evolution and diversity

Suggested time allocation

• Part A: 60 minutes

• Part B: 60 minutes

Assessment

Assessment standards are at the end of this book.

After the examination session

The supervisor will collect this book and your research notes when you leave.

Supervisor use only

QSA use only

Supervisor’s initials

Marker number

––

Candidate use

Print your candidate number here

Attach barcode here

Number of books used

1 1

Planning space

Part A — Continuity of life

Section 1 — Short response

Section 1 has 10 questions that assess either Understanding biology (UB) or Investigating biology (IB). Attempt all questions.

Respond to the questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1 (UB)

Complete the table below to compare sexual and asexual reproduction. Give an example of each.

Question 2 (UB)

Explain why internal fertilisation is a successful reproductive strategy.

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Question 3 (UB)

What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?

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Feature Asexual Sexual

Number of parents

Type of cell division

Fertilisation present or not

Similarities to parents

Level of offspring variation

Benefits to breeding

Example

2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book 1

Question 4 (UB)

Label the stigma, filament, anther and ovule on the diagram below.

Question 5 (UB)

In humans, brown eye colour is dominant over blue eye colour. Assuming that eye colour is determined by a single gene, show using a punnett square whether two brown-eyed people can have a blue-eyed child.

2 2011 Biology — Paper Two — Question and response book

Question 6 (UB)

Explain why dizygotic twins are not identical while monozygotic twins are.

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Question 7 (UB)

Using an example, explain why the addition or deletion of bases to a strand of DNA can be significant.

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Question 8 (UB)

Complete the following table using the information provided in the genetic code table.

DNA strand I T C T C C G T

DNA strand II T G A T

mRNA A

Amino acid Meth Ser

Genetic code table

First position(5' end)

Second position

Third position(3' end)

U C A G

U

PhePheLeuLeu

SerSerSerSer

TyrTyr

STOPSTOP

CysCys

STOPTrp

UCAG

C

LeuLeuLeuLeu

ProProProPro

HisHis

GluNGluN

ArgArgArgArg

UCAG

A

IleuIleuIleu

Meth

ThrThrThrThr

AspNAspNLysLys

SerSerArgArg

UCAG

G

ValValValVal

AlaAlaAlaAla

AspAspGluGlu

GlyGlyGlyGly

UCAG


Question 9 (UB)

Red-green colour-blindness is a sex-linked trait. A normally-sighted woman whose father was colour-blind marries a colour-blind man. Calculate the probability that their son will be colour-blind. Show all working.


Question 10 (IB)

The graphs below display the seed germination of two acacia species in response to heat treatments. The control group was not given any heat treatment.

Interpret the data to draw a conclusion.

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End of Section 1

nil

nil nil nil

nil

2 mins 10 mins 30 mins 3 hrs 6 hrs

2 mins 10 mins 3 hrs

Duration of heat treatment

Duration of heat treatment

Nu

mb

ero

fg

erm

inat

edse

eds

Nu

mb

ero

fg

erm

inat

edse

eds

10

20

30

40

50

10

20

30

40

50

Acacia pulchella

A cyclopiscacia

Treatment

temperature

control

90°C

120°C


Section 2 — Extended response

Section 2 has one question that assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response must refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Plan your response carefully. If you do a first draft and then a final draft, indicate which draft is to be assessed.

Question 1 (EBI)

Breeding technologies in the cattle industry have broadened in recent years to include not only artificial insemination but also offspring cloning and embryo splitting. Integrate information to make a justified and responsible decision about whether cloning or embryo splitting is the better method to use.

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End of Section 2

End of Part A


Part B — Evolution and diversity

Section 1 — Short response

Section 1 has 10 questions that assess either Understanding biology (UB) or Investigating biology (IB). Attempt all questions.

Respond to the questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1 (UB)

Explain the term “survival of the fittest” as used by Charles Darwin.

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Question 2 (UB)

State two types of barriers that could isolate populations to the point that evolution occurs.

• ....................................................

• ....................................................

Question 3 (UB)

Explain why genetic change can be studied more easily in organisms such as bacteria and flies rather than elephants and whales.

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Question 4 (UB)

Explain why the scientific community makes changes over time to the classification of many organisms.

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Question 5 (UB)

In the tropics, dark skin is advantageous over pale skin as the high levels of melanin in dark skin prevent sunburn and reduce tissue damage. In cooler, higher latitudes, pale skin is an advantage as it allows the body to absorb more ultraviolet light from the sun. Briefly link Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection to explain the different skin tones.

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Question 6 (UB)

Complete the table below, which summarises the characteristics of the five kingdoms.

Question 7 (UB)

Explain, using examples, the difference between analogous and homologous structures.

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Monera Protista Plantae

Cell type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Cell membrane Present Present Present

Nuclear membrane Present Present Present

Chloroplasts AbsentPresent in

some cells of all species

Absent

Vacuoles PresentPresent and

large

Cell wall materialNon-

celluloseVarious

Non-cellulose

Cilia/flagellaPresent in

some speciesPresent in some cells


Question 8 (UB)

Native Australian animals such as bettongs and grey kangaroos can eat plants containing toxins without apparent harm. The same plants can be harmful to introduced species such as cattle and sheep. Explain why.

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Question 9 (UB)

The table below shows the classification of some plants.

Using the information provided, determine if the Grey gum is more closely related to the Wallum bottle brush than the Grey mangrove. Explain your decision.

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Common name

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Grey gum Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Myrtaceae Eucalyptus Eucalytus propinqua

Wallum bottle brush

Callistemon Callistemon pachyphyllus

Wallum banksia

Proteales Protaceae Banksia Banksia robur

Silky oak Grevillea Grevillea robusta

Grey mangrove

Lamiales Verbenaceae Avicennia Avicennia marina

Mitchell grass

Liliopsida Cyperales Poaceae Astrebla Astrebla pectinata


Question 10 (IB)

The dichotomous key below can be used to classify species of Banksia.

Use the information in the key to classify the two species of Banksia using the sketches of adult leaves shown below.

End of Section 1

1a Adult leaves always regularly toothed along the edge. ...................................... 21b Adult leaves without teeth (except younger, juvenile leaves). .............................. 4

2a Leaves narrow, 4–10 cm long by 1–4 mm wide with fine teeth along the margin. Flowers orange-yellow.

Hair-pin banksia, Banksia spinulosa

2b Leaves broader, coarsely toothed. Flowers creamy-grey. ............................ 33a Leaves 8–15 cm long by 2–4 cm wide. Flower spikes large, about 20 cm by

10 cm. Occurs mostly along the coast.Saw banksia, Banksia serrata

3b Leaves 5–12 cm long by 1–2 cm wide. Flower spikes egg-shaped 5–14 cm by 5–7 cm. Occurs mostly inland.

Desert banksia, Banksia ornata

4a Usually a tree 4–16 m. Leaves 5–10 cm long by 1–2 cm wide, in clusters of three to six. On dunes and sandy cliffs.

Coast banksia, Banksia integrifolia

4b Usually a shrub 1–5 m. Leaves smaller 3–8 cm long by 3–8 mm wide, with a notched tip, scattered singly along branches.

Silver banksia, Banksia marginata

8 cm 10 cm


Section 2 — Extended response

Section 2 has one question that assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response must refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Plan your response carefully. If you do a first draft and then a final draft, indicate which draft is to be assessed.

Question 1 (EBI)

Human beings have intervened in the course of evolution. Decide if legislation should be used to regulate this. Justify your decision.

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End of Section 2

End of Part B

End of Paper Two


Additional pages for responses (if required)

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Acknowledgments

Aubusson P, Kennedy E & Hickman P 2004, Biology in Context: The spectrum of life, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Vic.

Evans K, Ladiges PY & McKenzie J et al 2004, Biology: A contextual approach, Pearson Heinemann, Port Melbourne, Vic.

Evans K, Ladiges PY & McKenzie J 1994, Biology One, 2nd edn, Heinemann Educational Australia, Port Melbourne, Vic.

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2011 Senior External Examination Biology Paper Two ... · 2011 Senior External Examination Biology...

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