2011 saarela et al. ibc 2011 eposter dna barcoding
-
Upload
jmsaarela -
Category
Technology
-
view
343 -
download
0
description
Transcript of 2011 saarela et al. ibc 2011 eposter dna barcoding
This project is funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada, the Ontario Genomics Institute (2008-OGI-ICI-03) and the Canadian Museum of Nature. We are grateful for the assistance of Maria Kuzmina at the Canadian Center for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Canada.
Distribution of 1530 voucher specimens sampled so far for the Flora of the Canadian Arctic Barcode Project (BOLD Systems Project ID: FCA). Most voucher specimens are deposited at the National Herbarium of Canada (CAN). Map courtesy of Google.
P. Skolo
ffP. Sokolo
ff
P. Sokolo
ff
P. Sokolo
ff
Jeffery M. Saarela, Lynn J. Gillespie, Laurie L. Consaul, Julian R. Starr, Roger D. Bull and Paul C. Sokoloff
The Panarctic Flora comprises some 2-3 thousand vascular plant taxa (species, subspecies), less than 1% of the world’s vascular plant flora. Some 1450 taxa occur in Arctic North America, and 1256 taxa (965 species) occur in the Canadian Arctic (Elven et al., Panarctic Flora, 2011).
Arctic ecosystems are among the most rapidly changing on the planet in response to global climate change. Accurate identification of Arctic plant species is critical for monitoring, studying and understanding potential climate-induced changes in their diversity and distributions.
We are generating plastid DNA barcode data (matK and rbcL) for the Canadian Arctic vascular plant flora to facilitate rapid identification.
Geographical extent of the Arctic in Canada and the North Slope of Alaska
(western Alaskan Arctic not included here)
Arctic tundra on northwestern Victoria Island, NorthwestTerritories
Ask
elli
a n
an
aH
on
ckenya
peoplo
ides
Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence
Cyp
era
ceae
Poaceae
Pap
avera
ceae
Ran
un
cu
laceae
On
ag
raceae
Saxifra
gaceae
Bra
ssic
aceae
Halo
rag
aceae
Parn
assia
ceae
Ela
eag
naceae
Aste
raceae
Neighbor-joining tree of 1530 concatenated matK and rbcL sequences. Bootstrap support:
100% 90-99% 80-89% 70-79% <70%
Betu
lacea
e
Rosaceae
Salic
aceae
Fab
aceae
Plu
mb
ag
inaceae
Mon
tiaceae
Poly
gon
aceae
Cary
op
hylla
ceae
Oro
ban
ch
aceae
Pla
nta
gin
aceae
Len
tibu
laria
ceae
Gen
tian
aceae
Eric
aceae
Prim
ula
ceae
Pole
mon
iaceae
Dia
pen
sia
ceae
Men
yan
thaceae
Ap
iaceae
Cam
pan
ula
ceaeV
ale
rian
aceae
Cap
rifolia
ceae
Tofi
eld
iaceae
Poto
mog
eto
naceae
Jun
cag
inaceae
Orc
hid
aceae
Lilia
ceae
Typ
haceae
Lin
aceae
Progress:We have generated DNA barcode data from 1530 individuals representing some 479 Arctic taxa (409 species and 72 infraspecific taxa) in 39 families. An additional 1486 samples from 234 taxa have been selected for amplification and sequencing, or have been successfully sequenced for one of the two barcoding loci. Once complete, these data will represent some 3000 rbcL + matK barcode sequences for 713 (70%) of the estimated 1013 vascular plant taxa in the Canadian Arctic.
MatK + rbcL DNA barcode data distinguish Arctic plant families with strong support, but most deeper and shallower lineages are more poorly supported.
monocots eudicots
Draba
ArabisEutrema
Braya
Cochlearia
Erysimum
Transberingia
Descurainia
Physaria
Parrya
Cardamine
Arabidopsis
matK + rbcL DNA barcodes can distinguish species and genera in some Arctic plant families
Neighbour joining bootstrap branch support:
100% 90-99% 80-89% 70-79% <70%
Ericaceae BrassicaceaeCyperaceae - Carex and Kobresia
R. B
ull
Orthilia secunda
Pyrola grandiflora
Arctous rubra
Andromeda polifoliaVaccinium uliginosumVaccinium vitis-idaea
Harrimanella hypnoides
Cassiope tetragona
Empetrum nigrum
Loiseleuria procumbensPhyllodoce caerula
Rhododendron tomentosumRhododendron lapponicum
Carex canescens/Carex marina
Kobresia myosuroidesKobresia simpliciuscula
Carex aquatilis var. minor/ Carex subspathacea
Carex supina
Carex disperma/Carex rarifloraCarex podocarpa/Carex spectabilis
Carex maritima
Carex bigelowii s.l.
Carex norvegica
Carex ursina
Carex nardinaCarex rupestris
Carex garberi/ Carex bicolor
Carex vaginataCarex atrofusca
Carex scirpoidea subsp. scirpoides
Carex glacialis
Carex saxatilis/Carex membranacea
Carex rotundata
Carex holostoma
Carex concinnaCarex krausei
Carex petricosa subsp. petricosaCarex capillaris subsp. fuscidula
Carex fuliginosa subsp. misandra
Carex lachenalli
Kobresia sibirica
Barcode data can distinguish most Arctic species of Carex and Kobresia, many of which are distantly related. However, bootstrap support for most species lineages is low, as they are distinguished by few characters.
Ericaceae genera are clearly distinguished with strong support, and there is informative interspecific plastid variation in genera with more than one Arctic species, including Rhododendron and Vaccinium. Barcoding works well to identify Arctic Ericaceae species because the genera have one or very few species in the Arctic .
Barcode data effectively distinguish the Arctic genera of Brassicaceae, but infrageneric variation is low and most congeneric species are not distinguished, especially in the taxonomically difficult genus Draba.
Thlaspi
Species in some taxonomically complicated Arctic genera are not resolved with barcode data
A complete species-level DNA barcode database for Arctic plants will no doubt facilitate some future ecological and systematic research on the Arctic flora, but nuclear-based barcode markers will need to be developed to identify species-specific nucleotide differences in taxonomically difficult groups with minimal plastid variation.
Potentilla and allies (Rosaceae)
Salix (Salicaceae)
Taraxacum (Asteraceae)
There is little plastid variation among Arctic species of Salix. Substitutions are present in a few individuals (as indicated by branch length variation), but these do not follow species boundaries.
R. B
ull
R. B
ull
R. B
ull
R. B
ull
Sibbaldia procumbens
Dasiphora fruticosa
Potentilla anserina subsp. egedii
Potentilla biflora/P. bimindorum
Potentilla sects. Niveae & Pennslyvanicae
Comarum palustre
Three genera formerly considered members of Potentilla (Dasiphora, Sibbaldia and Comarum) are readily distinguished using barcode data, but Arctic species of Potentilla s.s. are not, most notably in Potentilla sections Niveae and Pennsylvanicae, in which hybridization is rampant.
R. B
ull
Neighbour joining bootstrap branch support:
100% 90-99% 80-89% 70-79% <70%
T. ceratophorum / T. carneocoloratumT. lapponicum / T. hyperboreum / T. ceratophorum
T. ceratophorum / T. holmenianum /T. hyparcticum
T. hyparcticum / T. phymatocarpum /T. holmeniaum
Barcode data do not provide reliable resolution for Arctic Taraxacum species, which are native only in the Arctic in North America. Minor infraspecific variation in Taraxacum (i.e., multiple single substitutions) does not follow currently recognized species boundaries, possibly as a result of apomixis, polyploidy, hybridization and introgression, which all occur in the dandelion genus.
Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence