2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment

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Pile DrivingPile Driving

EquipmentEquipment

2011 PDCA Professor Pile Institute

Patrick Hannigan

GRL Engineers, Inc.


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Pile Driving System ComponentsPile Driving System Components

PrimaryPrimaryComponents:Components:

CraneCraneLeadsLeadsHammer Hammer HelmetHelmet

CushionsCushionsPile GatePile Gate

ComponentsComponentsRequired inRequired in

Special Cases:Special Cases:

TemplateTemplateFollower Follower

Jetting quipmentJetting quipment!rilling quipment!rilling quipmentSpudding quipmentSpudding quipment


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Pile

Hammer

Lead

Helmet

"oom

Crane

Spotter

Pile Gate

Pile Driving SystemPile Driving System

#on$ey


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"oom

Crane

Pile

Hammer

Lead

Helmet

Pile Gate Sta%%ingPoints

Swinging LeadSwinging Lead


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uropean or Truss Leaduropean or Truss Lead

Hammer

Lead

Swinging LeadSwinging Lead


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Pile

Hammer

Lead

Helmet

"oom

Cran

Spotter

Pile Gate

Fixed LeadFixed Lead


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"oom

Cra

Pile

Hammer

Lead

Helmet

Template "arge

Guide

Offshore LeadOffshore Lead


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TemplatesTemplates

Pre(a%ricated or site constructed steel (ramePre(a%ricated or site constructed steel (rame

into which piles are set to hold piles in theinto which piles are set to hold piles in the

proper position ) alignment during dri*ing+proper position ) alignment during dri*ing+

Typically used when o((shore leads orTypically used when o((shore leads or

swinging leads are used o*er water+swinging leads are used o*er water+


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ammer Typesammer Types

!rop!rop

&ir &ir

!iesel!iesel

HydraulicHydraulic

!ou%le acting!ou%le acting

Single actingSingle acting

!i((erential acting!i((erential acting

!ou%le acting ,closed end-!ou%le acting ,closed end-

Single acting ,open end-Single acting ,open end-

!ou%le acting!ou%le acting

Single actingSingle acting

#ost Common#ost Common


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Drop ammersDrop ammers

FeaturesFeatures

CommentsComments

• Low equipment cost

• Simple

• Slow operation

• .nconsistent stro$e

Ram raised %y crane line

((iciency o( drop controlled

%y operator and system

l


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Single !"tingSingle !"ting!ir ammers!ir ammers

FeaturesFeatures

CommentsComments

&ir pressure/ *olume/ and soilresistance can in(luence actual stro$e

%y as much as 0 to 1 inches

'ternal compressor supplies power

Stro$e controlled %y 2 or 3 slide %ar

setting: 0 (t/ 0 or 4 (t/ 3 or 5 (t

Relati*ely hea*y ram/ short stro$e


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Helmet Helmet

RamRam

PistonPiston

Single-Acting Air/SteamSingle-Acting Air/SteamHammer OperationHammer Operation

PilePile


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Dou#le !"ting !ir ammerDou#le !"ting !ir ammer Differential !"ting !ir ammDifferential !"ting !ir amme

l li l ! i Di l


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FeaturesFeatures

CommentsComments

Stro$e depends on:

• (uel input• pile sti((ness

• soil resistance

6aria%le (uel settings

Potential energy 7 8h

Single !"ting Diesel ammersSingle !"ting Diesel ammers

#ost common hammer type

Relati*ely light ram/ long stro$e


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Single &cting !iesel Hammer 9perationSingle &cting !iesel Hammer 9peration

a- Trippinga- Tripping %- Fuel%- Fuel

.nection.nection

c- Compressic- Compressi

; .mpact; .mpact

Si l & ti !i l H 9 tiSi l & ti !i l H 9 ti


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Single &cting !iesel Hammer 9perationSingle &cting !iesel Hammer 9peration

d- 'plosiond- 'plosion e- 'hauste- 'haust (- Sca*enging(- Sca*enging

F l l


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Controlling (uel quantity can help adust stro$e height+

Fuel $nput ControlFuel $nput Control

Continuously *aria%leContinuously *aria%le Fi'ed settingsFi'ed settings


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Ram ; stro$eRam ; stro$e

H 2 ,1> ? "P#-H 2 ,1> ? "P#-33 @ > @ >

D #l ! ti Di lD #l ! tin Di l


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Dou#le !"ting DieselDou#le !"ting Diesel

d li d li mm


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FeaturesFeatures

CommentsComments

#ost models ha*e energy readout

'ternal hydraulic power source

ydrauli" ammersydrauli" ammers

.ncreasing in usage

Relati*ely hea*y ram/ short stro$e

6aria%le and controlla%le stro$e

Some models wor$ underwater


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ingle Actingingle Acting Dou!le ActingDou!le Acting

ydrauli"ydrauli"

ammerammerS"hemati"sS"hemati"s

d li mmydrauli" ammers


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9%ser*e stro$e9%ser*e stro$e

ydrauli" ammersydrauli" ammers


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#ost hydraulic#ost hydraulic

hammers ha*ehammers ha*e%uilt;in monitors%uilt;in monitors


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HydraulicHydraulic

hammerhammerdesigned (ordesigned (or

low headroomlow headroom

operationoperation


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elmetselmets

• Con(iguration and siAe depends upon theCon(iguration and siAe depends upon thelead type/ hammer type ) siAe/ as well aslead type/ hammer type ) siAe/ as well as

the pile typethe pile type

• Helmets should (it loosely/ appro'imatelyHelmets should (it loosely/ appro'imately3 to 4 mm ,>+2 to >+3 inches- larger than3 to 4 mm ,>+2 to >+3 inches- larger than

pile diameter pile diameter


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triker Plate

A"a#ter

Hel$et

Pile Cus%ion&concrete #ile'

Ha$$er Cus%ion

(o) Lea" Gui"e*a+

elmet Componentselmet Components

P P P l lO Pi Pi Pil l


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One Pie"e Pipe Pile elmetOne Pie"e Pipe Pile elmet


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ammer Cushionsammer Cushions

#aterials placed %etween the pile hammer

ram and the helmet to relie*e impact

shoc$ and there%y protect the hammer

while at the same time transmit consistent

energy to the pile



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Con%est ,Phenolic (i%er-Con%est ,Phenolic (i%er-

and aluminum platesand aluminum plates

&luminum and #icarta&luminum and #icarta"lue Bylon"lue Bylon


%pile elmet and%pile elmet and


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%pile elmet and pile elmet andammer Cushion Se"tionammer Cushion Se"tion


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Pile CushionsPile Cushions

• Concrete piles require a pile cushion %etween theConcrete piles require a pile cushion %etween thehelmet and the pile leadhelmet and the pile lead

• Typically made o( plywood/ hardwood/ plywood )Typically made o( plywood/ hardwood/ plywood )

hardwood composites/ or other man;made materialshardwood composites/ or other man;made materials

• Typical thic$ness 5 inches ,min- to 23 inches orTypical thic$ness 5 inches ,min- to 23 inches ormoremore


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Can sto# "riingCan sto# "riing

an" re#lace #ilean" re#lace #ile

cus%ion if nee" toif nee" tocontinue "riingcontinue "riing


Pile cus%ionPile cus%ion"eteriorating after"eteriorating after

2,000 !lo*s2,000 !lo*s



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Bew 7 inchesBew 7 inches


25>> %lows later 25>> %lows later

7 4+4 inches7 4+4 inches

Pile cushionPile cushion

thic$ness changesthic$ness changes

during dri*ingduring dri*ing

Pil S l tiPil S l ti


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Pile ammer Sele"tionPile ammer Sele"tion

• .mportant (or the Contractor ) ngineer to esta%lis.mportant (or the Contractor ) ngineer to esta%lisoptimumoptimum hammer siAe (or a o% hammer siAe (or a o%

• Too small a hammer may not %e a%le to dri*e theToo small a hammer may not %e a%le to dri*e thepile to the required capacitypile to the required capacity

• Too large a hammer may damage the pileToo large a hammer may damage the pile

• "est tool (or hammer selection is a wa*e equation"est tool (or hammer selection is a wa*e equationanalysis+analysis+

$nstallation !ids$nstallation !ids


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$nstallation !ids$nstallation !ids

FollowersFollowers

JettingJetting

PredrillingPredrilling

SpuddingSpudding

Dsed to sa*e pile lengthDsed to sa*e pile length

Dsed to penetrate dense granular layersDsed to penetrate dense granular layers

Dsed in cohesi*e soils ? em%an$mentsDsed in cohesi*e soils ? em%an$ments

Dsed in de%ris (illsDsed in de%ris (ills

F llF ll


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FollowersFollowers

• .s a mem%er interposed %etween a pile hammer.s a mem%er interposed %etween a pile hammer

and a pile to transmit %lows when the pile head isand a pile to transmit %lows when the pile head is

%elow the reach o( the hammer %elow the reach o( the hammer

• Dse o( a (ollower is accompanied %y a loss o(Dse o( a (ollower is accompanied %y a loss o(

energy deli*ered to the pile due to compressionenergy deli*ered to the pile due to compression

o( the (ollower ) losses in connectiono( the (ollower ) losses in connection


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& tti& tti


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&etting&etting

• The use o( a water or air et to (acilitateThe use o( a water or air et to (acilitatepile dri*ing %y displacing parts o( the soilpile dri*ing %y displacing parts o( the soil

• Jetting is use(ul in dri*ing piles throughJetting is use(ul in dri*ing piles through*ery dense granular material*ery dense granular material


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$nternal$nternal

PilePileCleanoutCleanout

P d illiPredrillin


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PredrillingPredrilling

• Soil augers or drills used where etting isSoil augers or drills used where etting isinappropriate ? ine((ecti*e toinappropriate ? ine((ecti*e to

; Penetrate o%structions/ %oulders/ de%ris (ills; Penetrate o%structions/ %oulders/ de%ris (ills

; Facilitate pile placement through em%an$ments; Facilitate pile placement through em%an$ments; Reduce ground mo*ements; Reduce ground mo*ements

• Predrilled hole diameter 5 inches less thanPredrilled hole diameter 5 inches less thandiagonal o( square pile/ or 2 inch less thandiagonal o( square pile/ or 2 inch less than

diameter o( round pilediameter o( round pile


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SpuddingSpudding


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SpuddingSpudding

• The act o( opening a hole through denseThe act o( opening a hole through densematerial %y dri*ing or dropping a short )material %y dri*ing or dropping a short )

strong mem%er ) then remo*ing itstrong mem%er ) then remo*ing it

• Dsed as an alternate to etting orDsed as an alternate to etting orpredrilling in upper soil consisting o(predrilling in upper soil consisting o(

miscellaneous (illmiscellaneous (ill


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Any QuestionsAny Questions

2011 Pdca Pile Driving Equipment

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