2011 GAEP Homeless Center Manuscript

ARCHITECTURE MANUSCRIPT Not as homeless but as an “artist”

Sylvia Kim Clemson University

Graduate School of ArchitectureStudio G1 Spring 2011

Harding • Schwennsen• Wilkerson

SYLVIA KIM ARCHITECTURE MANUSCRIPT Not as homeless but as an “artist”

Clemson University Graduate School of ArchitectureComprehensive Studio G1 Spring 2011Harding • Schwennsen• Wilkerson

Greenville Arts Expression Program Homeless CenterTo serve as a canvas to fi nd one’s song

Concept modelCanvas + Oil Paint

Project Background 8Site Research 12 The Program 18The Concept 20Schematic Design 30Design Development 42Structure and Envelope 56 References 67Acknowledgements 69

TABLE OF CONTENTSSYLVIA KIM 6 7

GAEP HOMELESS CENTER 2011

PROJECT BACKGROUNDSYLVIA KIM


Students individually participated in the ACSA/AISC Steel Design Student Competition de-signing Homeless Assistance Center in Greenville, SC.According to the US Department of housing and urban Devel-opment, there were 664,414 sheltered and unsheltered home-less persons nationwide on a single night in early 2008. This number suggests that 1 in every 190 persons in the United States used the shelter system at some point in that period. Homelessness in the U.S. is increasing rapidly in both the number without shelter and severity of their condition. The cause of homelessness is the scarcity of low-cost housing, lack of job skills, alcohol and drug dependency, and domestic violence. Offering design solutions to meet the basic necessi-ties of food, shelter and clothing is much more complex than one would first anticipate. The new composite portrait of a homeless person is evolving from the single older male of the 1970s toward a person who is younger, better educated, and often accompanied by family. At 39%, children were the fast-est growing segment of the homeless population in a national survey conducted in 2003. Programming for these diverse de-mographics is difficult. Perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of shelter design is fully understanding a homeless person’s point of view. The typical homeless shelter resident is undergoing a crisis that has resulted in a change of lifestyle and the loss of familiar surroundings. This experience can ef-fect a dramatic change in a person’s world view, impacting

HappinessBoot Without Tie

8 9

PROJECT BACKGROUNDSYLVIA KIM


10 11

their needs and priorities. Therefore, designing shelter in-cludes services such as social worker counseling, health care, nursery care, literacy programs, and job readiness training. They also include other public functions, bringing privacy, se-curity, and dignity as major concerns that must be considered. (Competition Program)

The challenge of the Homeless Assistance Center calls for: 1. Develop a program for a homeless assistance center that acts as a bridge to preparing residents for reentrance into so-ciety.2. Execute the program in the design of a facility on an urban site. 3. Develop a program for a homeless assistance center that acts as a bridge to prepare residents for reentrance into soci-ety. 4. The homeless Assistance Center should be between 75,000 to 100,000 s.f. of interior space.

Homeless Sidewalk

Men

Women

Children

Family

Women w/ Children

Basic Needs Services (Food,Clothing, Financial Help)

Emergency Shelter

Housing Assistance

Counseling

Legal Help

Internet

Basic Needs Services

Health care/Medication

Emergency Shelter

Housing Assistance

Job Training/Education

Counseling

Addiction Services

Legal Help

Internet

Men

Women

Children

Family

Women with/ Children

TYPES OF SHELTERS IN GREENVILLLE

SERVICES WITHIN 2 MI. RADIUS OF SITE

21%

21%

21%

26%

11%

31%

14%16%

10%

10%

6%

2%

9%

2%

SITE RESEARCH


SYLVIA KIM 12 13

The site for the homeless center is located in Greenville, South Carolina. An analysis of existing homeless assistance services suggests that the greatest need in Greenville at this site location is a transitional shelter for families. Greenville statistics show that 70% of the homeless population is male, but currently there are four shelters that serve men. There are also four shelters that serve women and five that serve women and children. Whereas there are only two shelters in Greenville that allow families to stay together, one of which you have to have a marriage license for men and women to stay. After several visits to locations in Greenville, there was expressed concern about families being divided based on ages and the sex of family members. According to state law, any male child over the age of 12 is considered a man. This family will be split up. It is extremely important not to split up a family during these times of need and change. It is also important to be aware of the fact that some of these families have men, which are normally divided into other shelters and counted as individuals and not family members. Another factor is the current economic situation, in which many more families will become homeless due to foreclosure in the near future.

The Salvation Army Kroc Center is a community center currently under construction across the street from the site. The use of the center is restricted to those possessing

Shelters and Services in Greenville

Salvation Army Boys & GirlsDistance 1.0 miles

Car 3 minutes Foot 20 minutes

Miracle Hill Greenville RescueDistance 0.6 miles


Kroc Community CenterDistance 0.4 miles


Project Host Soup KitchenDistance 0.4 miles


Reedy PlaceAcross Street from the Shelter

United MinistriesDistance 0.8 miles


Employment Office/Job ServicesDistance 0.9 miles


Greenville Free Medical ClinicDistance 0.5 miles


New Horizon Family Health ServicesDistance 0.6 miles


SITE DOWNTOWNGREENVILLE

Greenville Amtrak StationDistance 1.0 miles


BUS ROUTECAR ROUTESWAMP RABBIT TRAIL

0.8 Mile Radius

SITE RESEARCH


SYLVIA KIM 14 15

a membership. The goal of the center is to be accessible to all by offering scholarships to low income individuals. Some families at our shelter could apply for the scholarships and utilize the centers facilities. The Worship Center is open to the public and could be utilized by anyone without a membership.

The map on the left lists the distances by car and foot of the immediate surrounding destinations for the homeless. The specific location of the site has a great potential to connect the surrounding assistance centers and become the focal point that instills the efforts of the City of Greenville to serve its’ homeless and impoverished citizens.

Destinations Map

SITE RESEARCH


SYLVIA KIM

Site PlanSite PhotosSite Massing Studies

1. The site is an easy fi ve minute walk to main street (main road to downtown Greenville), with crosswalks all the way. 2. The neighborhood behind the site is in pretty good shape; a nice quiet residential area bounded by two rail lines and 123. Walking by this neighborhood, from the south up Hudson, the site takes on a much stronger sense of refuge and feels appropriate for a Homeless Center nestled between the two churches on Hudson. 3. The site in conclusion does a good job of combining a sense of refuge, proximity to main street, access to bus lines, and future access to the Kroc Center. The proximity to the school could also be an asset.

16 17

MAIN PROGRAMHOUSING 30000

LOBBY 1000CIRCULATION [20% TOTAL] 20,000HOUSING [450/FAM] 9000

OFFICES 9500ADMIN 2500COUNSELLING 1000CLASSROOM 3000LIFE SKILLS CLASSROOM 3000

COMMUNITY SPACE 7850LIBRARY/READING ROOM 750LIVING ROOM 2500REFLECTION SPACE 500DAY-CARE 1,400DINING 1,200KITCHEN 1,000COMPUTER LAB 500

LAUNDRY 1,500PERSONAL 1,000STAFF 500

MAINTANENCE 13,250MAIL 250LOADING DOCK 1000STORAGE [10% TOTAL] 10,000JANITOR/MAITENANCE 1000MECHANICAL 1000

CLINIC 950RECORDS 200WAITING 250EXAM 400DENTAL 100

TOTAL 63,050

Greenville Expression ProgramAUDITORIUM 5000GALLERY SPACE 5,000ART STUDIO 3500DANCE STUDIO (3@1000) 3000MUSIC CLASSROOMS (6@300) 1800COFFEESHOP/BOOKSTORE 6500

TOTAL GEP 24800

TOTAL 87,850

THE PROGRAM


SYLVIA KIM

Program for the Homeless Center derived with the primary attention to the services Greenville lacked to the homeless. With research on different programs in Greenville, we found that a family homeless shelter will be in most need and will serve the homeless the best. We also found need to reestablish home for children and families a safe, supportive, and nonthreatening environment. Our program incorporates the need to engage families as co-participants in a healing and growth cycle with new participant in the program.

Our main program is 63,050 s.f. of basic services for the homeless including housing for the 20 families. The remaining square footage up to 35,000 s.f. can be dedicated to a secondary program as individual students will choose upon their design.

Main Program

18 19

THE CONCEPT


SYLVIA KIM

I probably have a song in me somewhere. Howard Cook, homeless artist

Howard CookArt From the Streets

20 21

THE CONCEPT


SYLVIA KIM

My first inspiration for this homeless shelter came upon a mural hung on the wall of an existing homeless shelter in Greenville South Carolina. I realized then, whether you are poor or rich, young or old, that art can be appreciated by everyone including the homeless. With this in mind, I would like the new homeless shelter to provide a place for the homeless to express their song through the shelter. Upon my research on the art programs provided to homeless throughout the states, I have found many success in programs such as Art from the Streets, and DrawBridge, and Artbridge which gives art lessons to adults and the children of the homeless. The art produced then is later sold at an exhibition and the proceeds go directly to the homeless to provide for their living. In Greenville, there are art centers that provides classes, including the Governor’s School for the Arts and Humanities; yet the homeless does not have any exposure to these programs because they are only entered through auditions and recommendations. The new Greenville Arts Expression Program will be tailored toward the homeless and also the impoverished in the Greenville, offering free art, dance, music lessons to those whom never had the opportunity to become in contact with art. The family shelter with their 20 families will be the first to use the facility in learning art, music, and dance.

United MinistriesHomeless Center

22 23

THE CONCEPT


SYLVIA KIM

The building will become a canvas to display the homeless art and a tool for the homeless to find their song as they prepare for the next stage of their lives. There will be a gallery space where the homeless art will be in display. This gallery space will be open daily to the public for viewing and also the community could buy the artwork to help the homeless. The shelter also houses an auditorium for performances of dance and music, as both the gallery space and the auditorium will provide interaction between the homeless and the community. The homeless families staying at the shelter will find acceptance through their work and also find new identity not as a homeless but as “artists.” Concurrently, the most affected from the program will be the children living in the family homeless shelter as they will get to experience the world of free expression whether they are painting or playing the violin. I remember my old memories of attending music academy where I took cello lessons. The academy was always full of students learning music and the beautiful sounds of different instruments resonated throughout the space, becoming a wonderful memory from my childhood. Hopefully, I could also provide this memory to the homeless as the whole shelter will be full of music and arts, becoming a beautiful music box and canvas.

24 25

Concept Canvas

THE CONCEPT


SYLVIA KIM

The secondary program for the Shelter will be provided by GAEP, increasing the total square footage of the shelter to 81,550 s.f.

GREENVILLE ART EXPRESSION PROGRAMAuditorium 5,000Gallery Space 5,000Art Studio 3,500Dance and Music Studios 3,000CoffeShop/Lobby 2,000

26 27

Program Studies

THE CONCEPT


SYLVIA KIM 28 29

Nathaniel Anthony Ayers ~ Homeless Musician

GAEP is a program where arts embraces the homeless families that will be staying at the homeless center. There will be painting, music, dancing and sculpting studios that enhances the homeless to find their song through exploring arts. GAEP also gives opportunity for the community to interact with the homeless through the exhibition space which will be open daily to the public and the auditorium which connects various groups. The homeless will find themselves identified as artist and will learn to free themselves from the hunger that exists in every soul whether young or old.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 30 31

Massing Sketches Digital Models

During the Schematic Design stage of the Project, initial massing studies were done with the site. With North Calhoun Road being the street front where urban activity can occur, the emphasis was placed on giving the street front that any city deserves. Concurrently, many massing studies were accomplished in reference with the existing A.J. Whittenberg Elementary School. With the overhanging structure conversing directly with our site, the consideration of the surrounding architecture was crucial in the form of the homeless center. As the auditorium will be an anchoring program that serves as the connector for the community, the form of the auditorium will be crucial in the overall design of the homeless center.

AJ Whittenberg E.S.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 32 33

View of the Art Classrooms and Gallery Space

1

2

3

4

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 34 35

Process Diagrams1. Original Geometry2. The Canvas3. Housing Units4. Line Connection

[Entrance]

The process diagrams on the left show how the form and shape of the homeless center was developed during the Schematic Design stage of the project. First, many different geometric forms were placed on the site to full fi ll the programs and the square footage. Secondly, the important canvas was place on the forms to enforce the program GAEP for the homeless. Third, the housing units were arranged on the second level and a grid was organized around the units. Lastly, the grid for the adjacent program was found by connecting the dots of the housing units to the end of the geometric form to create the fi nal form for the homeless center. Image four on the left and the space in pink is the fi nal plan of the homeless center during the Schematic Phase of the project.

980'-0"

N

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

9

HOUSING1. Counseling/Clinic2. Classrooms3. Computer/Library4. Kitchen/Dining5. Living Room6. Day care7. Outdoor Courtyard8. Housing9. Service / Laundry

966'-0"

966'-0"

JJ

960'-0"

1

2

3

45

6

7

Art Studio1. Admin Offices2. Dance/Music Studios3. Lobby4. Art/Sculpture Studios5. Exhibition Space6. Storage7. Mechanical8. Outdoor Sculpture Garden9. Car Drop-Off Area

8

9

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 36 37

Floor Plans

955'-0"

952'-0"

947'-0"

1

23

4

Auditorium1. Auditorium2. Lobby/Coffee Shop3. Bookstore4. Storage

Initial floor plans developed from the rigid structural grid of the housing for the shelter as illustrated on the previous page. The art component of the program is mixed with the classrooms for the homeless as the art studios are interchangeable and is talking with the art gallery on the adjacent side. The movable walls allow for the free flow of the art gallery space and the art studio space. Concurrently, the homeless families staying above on the housing level will always be crossing the bridge overlooking the art studio to get to their housing units. The auditorium also serves to bridge the gap between the disconnect between the center and the community.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 38 39

Massing Sketches +Digital Models

MUSIC as inspiration for the steel structural frames. Looking at the repetitive order and what it seems to indicate. The workings of a piano and its’ mechanisms that makes mu-sic and sound possible. As the dampers are part of the what creates music in a piano, the structural system is the music that decorates the lives of the homeless that lives within the center and also for the visitors whom interacts with them.Grand Piano on

Stage

Still by Nelleke Koop - Piano dampers and stringsHammers and Dampers

SCHEMATIC DESIGN


SYLVIA KIM 40 41

Physical models

DESIGN DEVELOPMENTSYLVIA KIM


42 43

View From Calhoun Rd.

1

2

3

THE GLASS BOXThe Homeless

THE WOODEN LOUVERSThe Shelter

THE AUDITORIUMThe Arts



During the Design Development Stage, the initial fl oor plans and structural systems were developed further and the diagrams on the left illustrates the fi nal project concept. As the glass box represents the homeless and the wooden louvers the shelter, the whole building symbolizes the relationship of the homeless and their need for a shelter. Concurrently, the auditorium and the gallery space also serves to create a place of hope in connecting with the community as the homeless learn to free themselves from their situation and move on to the next stage.

Concept Diagrams

44 45

GAEPConversation between the Homeless and the Arts

960'-0"

947'-0"

966'-0"

955'-0"

980'-0"

GROUND LEVELArt and Homeless Classrooms

Auditorium

HOUSING LEVELHomeless Family Housing

Administrative Offi cesGallery Space



Floor Plans The new floor plans shifted the auditorium to the outer edge of the site with consideration of the auditorium acting as the grand entrance in welcoming the community to the shelter. The gallery space has moved upstairs on the upper floor which can be accessed via the art lobby between the auditorium and the gallery space. The art and homeless classrooms are celebrated within the lower ground level with movable walls, encouraging the interaction of the arts and the homeless by allowing different classrooms to mix freely.

Program Diagram

12

3

4

5 5

6

7

1

46 47

1 Art and Homeless Classrooms2 Administrative Offices + Clinic3 Gallery Space4 Art Lobby5 Homeless Family Housing6 Auditorium7 Storage

My favorite part of Art from the Streets is a bunch of people who have the same talents and desires that I do. I get to make a little profit. It’s exciting to be recognized and appreciated for my talent. It makes me want to do more. I love interacting with people. Being here is not isolated. I love watercolor, acrylic, a variety, also pastels. I would describe my style as international, no boundaries. I’m a genius (laugh, laugh) creative. Your mind is a vehicle. I am a magician in styles, complex to simple. I create whatever moves me. Being homeless, feeling other’s pain through my own suffering, this gives me the desire and motivation to strive harder in my art, my style. I am attracted to

anything that moves. I gain strength from helping others.Hugh Miles, Art from the Streets


GAEP HOMELESS CENTER 2011Gallery Space

48 49



The auditorium is hinged on the main artery of the shelter, the ART WALL. This art wall houses artworks which are produced by the homeless and also serve as the circula-tion corridor as it organizes the programmatic spaces in the shelter. Consequently, the auditorium uses the art wall to display sculptural works which will be placed on the niches carved out on the auditorium interior wall for display and for acoustical purpose. MUSIC is also the inspiration for the steel structural frames of the auditorium. The workings of a piano and its’ mechanisms that makes music and sound possible; as the dampers are part of what creates music in a piano, the structural system is the music that decorates the auditorium as the shelter welcomes the community.

Auditorium Perspective

50 51

Section Thru Auditorium


GAEP HOMELESS CENTER 2011View of Auditorium Entrance

52 53



54 55

Final Physical Model

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPE


SYLVIA KIM

Structure AxonsEnvelopeSkeleton

Two weeks of intensive structure study with initial massing studies indicated the use of steel frames for the gen-eral structure of the homeless center. As seen on the physical models on previous pages, the cleanness of the regular struc-tural grid informed the program and also made the free pro-gram of classes to occur within the ground level. I have used Mies Van Der Rohe’s Crown Hall to reference the steel frame’s ability to span a long distance without any vertical penetration or columns, allowing for the open floor plan on the Classrooms level. The envelope includes wooden louvers, the glass box, and the metal panels for the auditorium.

56 57

Crown Hall Interior

Crown Hall Exterior Structure



SYLVIA KIM

Under the Envelope The structure for the GAEP Homeless Center borrows from Miesian’s clean architectural language of celebration of steel beams and girders. The main structure of the center consists of steel beams and girders that allows for free open space on the ground level for the interaction of homeless and the community; the arts and the people; and the music and painting. Also the grided steel girders allow for the division of private and public spaces. The main structure is also cov-ered by the curved steel girder that provides natural ventilation for the movable facade on the ground level as well to provide shade and optimize use of less energy through its’ shading. The louvers serve to decorate the simple structure yet give a fun twist to the Miesian structure that is hidden inside the envelope of the clean wooden louvers.

58 59



SYLVIA KIM

insulation over metal deck

main steel girder structure attached to I-beam steel column

steel girder attached to I-beam supporting roofreturn ductworkplaster ceiling suspended from I-beam

floor finish above concrete floor on exposed metal decking and steel beam

steel channel for mullion system

floor spacers for raised floor systemsupply ductworkconcrete floor slabbase course of gravelconcrete footing below main structural beam/column

class room 1st levelopen space free program

2nd level housing and gallery

curved steel girder with wooden louvers

60 61



SYLVIA KIM

The ground floor utilizes an open floor plan with mov-able walls, encouraging the interaction by allowing different classrooms to mix freely. The ability for the steel frames to span a long distance without any vertical supports allows for this free interaction as the music, arts, and the homeless mix freely, creating an open dialogue for creativity. Concurrently, the wooden louvers also is an element that lets natural ventila-tion and sunlight to also play in the space.

Art and Homeless Classroom

62 63



SYLVIA KIM 64 65

At night, the glass box illuminates between the wood-en louvers creating a beacon of light representing hope for the homeless to move on to their next step. As the homeless will find hope within the walls of the GAEP Homeless Center, they will find themselves identified as artist not as a homeless.

Night View of the Shelter

Happiness Boot Without Tie. http://www.flickr.com/photos/silwer-star/3388497552Competition Program https://www.acsa-arch.org/files/competi-tions/Steel/10-11_AISC_Competition_Program.pdfCrown Hall Exterior Structure http://farm1.static.flickr.com/69/183109328_4e588eb094.jpgCrown Hall Interior http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4016/4630618058_15fc394988.jpgHomeless Sidewalk http://cityhallblog.dallasnews.com/ar-chives/2010/08/citing-crime-concerns-dallas-p.html Howard Cook Homeless Artist Art From the Streets http://www.artfromthestreets.com/show_08/photomain_08.htmNathaniel Anthony Ayers Homeless Musician http://www.flickr.com/photos/rios-enriquez/3731870114/in/photostream/AJ Whittenberg Elementary School http://www.harpercorp.com/DEF4F9B20BAC4D82B87932FB559CC39A.asp?ccb_key=E0DC844F1B2B4D8CAE88294457B84BEFGrand Piano on Stage http://www.olemiss.edu/libarts/newsletter/2008spring/08-EvolvingDept.htmlstill by Nelleke Koop - piano dampers and strings http://www.guylivingston.com/photos/sixty/select.htmHammers and Dampers http://www.pianonoise.com/Piano10.HammersAndDampers.JPG

66 67REFERENCESSYLVIA KIM


I would like to thank Professor Dan Harding, Kate Schwennsen, and Julie Wilkerson for their support and advice.

2011 GAEP Homeless Center Manuscript

Documents

Transcript of 2011 GAEP Homeless Center Manuscript