©2011 Cengage Learning. Chapter 7 ©2011 Cengage Learning COMMUNITY GROWTH PATTERNS.
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Transcript of ©2011 Cengage Learning. Chapter 7 ©2011 Cengage Learning COMMUNITY GROWTH PATTERNS.
©2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7
©2011 Cengage Learning
COMMUNITY GROWTH PATTERNS
Economic activity is the foundation for communities
Economic activity has a major effect on both the location of a community and the value and use of real estate within the community.
Land use patterns develop to support basic economic activity.
Therefore, economic motives will eventually influence how land is allocated among competing users.
©2011 Cengage Learning
Land–Use Patterns
Land goes to the user who is willing to pay the highest price“Highest and Best Use” is the legal use that
will produce the highest capitalized net income return to the land after allowing for the cost of the building/site improvements.
©2011 Cengage Learning
The patterns of land use appear to be determined by
Competition of UsesEconomics of SuccessionComparative AdvantageThe Rule of ImperfectionPrinciple of Change
©2011 Cengage Learning
Non-economic factors in land use include:
Political Forces
Social Forces
©2011 Cengage Learning
Political Controls are DominantPolice powerEminent domain
©2011 Cengage Learning
Land-use patterns helps to show how values are influenced - based on location.
Change is constant and the highest and best use is always changing.
Change must be monitored to estimate how the community structure is changing.
©2011 Cengage Learning
Looking at the Structure of Communities
Community StructureResearch tools & data available determine
how examined.Land use mapsPopulation density, traffic counts, school
enrollment, crime rates, census data, age distribution, & condition of housing.
©2011 Cengage Learning
One of the earliest concepts was developed in Bavaria by Johan von Thunen in 1826
A predictable circular ring pattern Central FacilitiesHomesCropsGrazing
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Thunen’s concept of accessibility is fundamental to the study of land-use patterns.
©2011 Cengage Learning
Figure 7.1
A Simplified Pattern of Land Use in Cities
Burgess concept of the city ring pattern:
Commercial and officesOlder homesLow and middle-cost housingHigher-priced homes and shops
©2011 Cengage Learning
©2011 Cengage Learning
Figure 7.2
The Influence of Topography on the Circular City
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Effects of Transportation on City Shape for Cities with 100,000 People
In 1945 Harris and Ullman suggested the dominant concept in city shape was multiple nuclei
This is where each land use responds in a different way to topography, transportation, and other influences.
Factors of location Amenities of locationTopographyTransportationPolitical and social constraints on growth
©2011 Cengage Learning
Richard Nelson in 1958 suggested four urban models:
Commerce City- metropolitan centerCenter Town- medium-sized cityCountyville- rural trading areaForest Lake- dormitory suburb for a
larger city
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Major land use patternsConcentric Circle Theory
Central Axial Theory
Wedge/Sector Theory
Multiple Nuclei Theory
©2011 Cengage Learning
©2011 Cengage LearningFigure 7.6
Multiple Nuclei in City Growth Patterns
New Technologies Impact Land Use Patterns
Internet for improved communication
Teleconferencing
Fax machines
Just-in-Time Distribution systems
©2011 Cengage Learning
The Effects of Transportation ChangeTransportation played a critical role in how
land is used.Each location has advantages based on the
ability of transportation and associated costs.Changes in transportation produce changes
in land use patterns and where businesses make the most profit.
©2011 Cengage Learning
The location of land uses seems to be the result of the competition between the drawing power of the existing buildings and the changing accessibility to people.
©2011 Cengage Learning
