2010 Urinary System- Igcse
-
Upload
biologia-geologia-poesia-vida -
Category
Education
-
view
10.410 -
download
0
Transcript of 2010 Urinary System- Igcse
![Page 1: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EXCRETION
Urinary system
with some IGCSE questions
http://biodeluna.wordpress.com/
![Page 2: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Homeostasis.
• Homeostasis is the general function that controls and keeps constant the conditions of our body.
![Page 3: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Excretionit is the removal from organisms of toxic
materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements.
Substances include carbon dioxide, urea and salts
![Page 4: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Urinary system anatomy
![Page 5: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Excretory systems regulate the chemical composition of body fluids by removing metabolic wastes and retaining the proper amounts of water, salts, and nutrients. Components of this system in vertebrates include:
the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html
![Page 6: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Outline structure of a kidney
![Page 7: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The kidney
ureter
renal pelvis
renal cortex
renal medulla
pyramids
![Page 8: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Kidney function
Removal of urea and excess water and the reabsorption of glucose and some salts, so:
• Remove wastes.• Regulate water levels
![Page 9: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The nephron
![Page 10: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
X section to nephron
![Page 11: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nephron
![Page 12: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nephron function
• role of renal capsule - filtration from blood of water, glucose, urea and salts
• role of tubule - reabsorption of glucose,most of the water and some salts back into the blood, leading to concentration of urea in the urine as well as loss of excess water and salts
![Page 13: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How can our body keep the percentage of water in our body
around 60/70%?• 60 – 70 % of the weight of our body is
water (around 40 l of water).
• If it is very hot and we sweat, we lose some of our body water composition.
• If we lose water, we can suffer dangerous dehydration
• We have to” save” water and we must not lose more water through urine.
• The urine will be more concentrated (water is reabsorbed)
• If we drink a lot of water, we have an extra supply of water (that we don’t need).
• Our urine will be more diluted (water will not be reabsorbed in kidneys).
![Page 14: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Urea
• Urea is formed in the liver from excess amino acids most of the water and some salts back
![Page 15: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How toxic waste from cellular respiration (catabolism) is excreted
• 1- Blood + waste come to kidneys by renal artery.
• 2-Filtration of waste in the nephron.
• 3-Reabsorption of some useful products that could have been filtered, to the capillaries surrounding the nephron.
• 4-Waste is concentrating as urine.
• 5-Urine goes to the -collecting duct - ureter - bladder - and goes out by urethra
![Page 16: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Kidney stones (renal calculi)• It is the term commonly used to refer to stones,
or calculi, in the urinary system. Stones form in the kidneys and may be found anywhere in the urinary system. They vary in size. Some stones cause great pain while others cause very little. The aim of treatment is to remove the stones, prevent infection, and prevent recurrence. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments are used. Kidney stones affect men more often than women.
![Page 17: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.
![Page 18: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://thoughtsandstuff.posterous.com/uh-oh-kidney-stonesouch
![Page 19: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Renal (kidney) failure• It results when the kidneys are not able to regulate water
and chemicals in the body or remove waste products from your blood. Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden onset of kidney failure. This condition can be caused by an accident that injures the kidneys, loss of a lot of blood, or some drugs or poisons. ARF may lead to permanent loss of kidney function. But if the kidneys are not seriously damaged, they may recover. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the gradual reduction of kidney function that may lead to permanent kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). You may go several years without knowing you have CKD.
![Page 20: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Dialysis• Artificial maintenance
of glucose and protein concentration in blood and diffusion of urea from blood to dialysis fluid.
![Page 21: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
In case of chronic renal failure…
What about a kidney transplant?
![Page 22: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
http
://lif
eblo
od.a
naem
iaw
orld
.com
/en/
chro
nic-
kidn
ey-d
isea
se/k
idne
y-tra
nspl
ant.h
tml
![Page 24: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
discuss the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplants, compared with dialysis
IGC
SE
– syllabus question
• Advantages: Dialysis takes a HUGE amount of time, and your life revolves around it. You also risk infection.A kidney transplant is permanent
• Disadvantages: Obviously, the risks associated with any surgery, risk of rejection by your body, and you have to take anti-rejection drugs your whole life.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090331122335AAJiPAb
![Page 25: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Some IGCSE
questions
Sandra Brinkhoff
http
://sa
ndra
brin
khof
f.arts
pan.
com
/larg
e-vi
ew/M
edic
al%
20Ill
ustra
tion/
9615
3---
7624
/Mix
ed%
20M
edia
.htm
l
![Page 26: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Some concepts taken from IGCSE Biology syllabus 2010
http://blogs.laweekly.com
/style_council/interior-decor/urinary-tract-wallpaper/
![Page 30: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system• http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/Yoururinary/
![Page 31: 2010 Urinary System- Igcse](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070603/55516122b4c9059f768b4ec3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)