2010 Region VII VPPPA Conference – Omaha, NE May 26, 2010 1 Needs Assessment and Prioritization of...

2010 Region VII VPPPA Conference – Omaha, NE May 26, 20101

Needs Assessment and Prioritization of Safety and Health Issues

Jason Schaufenbuel, MPH, CSP

Regional Manager – Loss Control

United Heartland

2010 Region VII VPPPA Conference – Omaha, NE May 26, 2010 2

Agenda

Needs Assessment Hazard Identification

Injuries OSHA Compliance JSAs Audits Employee Suggestions Consultation

Prioritizing Your Actions Hierarchy of Risk Control


Learning Objectives

After this session you should: Explain the purpose of a needs assessment in

regards to workplace safety. Detail six methods to identify hazards in your

workplace. Summarize three methods to prioritize your efforts

to improve workplace safety. Describe the preferred risk control methods.


Needs Assessment

Purpose is to compare current practices to what is actually needed

Without this step you cannot focus you efforts to identify your biggest issues

Most critical but often most neglected step While conducting the needs assessment

keep track of the issue, it’s seriousness, how often employees are exposed and the number of employees exposed


Hazard Identification

Serves as the basis of the needs assessment – identifies what you need to address

Many methods to identify hazards Use a combination of methods Best methods are the one the organization can

sustain


Hazard Identification – Accident Reports/Investigations

Use existing reports/investigations to identify trends

Ensure your reports require detail Too many reports simply focus on the injury and

not what happened – what happened is critical Identify how it could have been prevented and

what is going to take to prevent reoccurrence Complete root cause analysis


Hazard Identification – Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause The defining, underlying reason(s) for the problem If this cause is eliminated and/or controlled then

the problem does not occur again

Every incident has at least two causes

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Hazard Identification - OSHA Injury/Illness Rates

Check to see how your rates compare to others in your industry – provides information on the scope of the problem – but not the problem itself

OSHA now publishes business specific information

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Hazard Identification - Workers Compensation

Use your workers compensation loss runs to identify trends in severity and frequency

You carrier or TPA should be able to provide you the data in Excel or other usable fashion

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Hazard Identification – OSHA Compliance

Can be the most complicated aspect to assess

Three primary elements: Written programs Required training Physical requirements


OSHA Compliance – Written Programs (General Industry)

Employee emergency plans – 1910.38 Fire prevention plan – 1910.39 Occupational noise exposure – 1910.95 Process safety management – 1910.119 Hazardous waste operations and emergency

response – 1910.120 Personal protective equipment – 1910.132 Respiratory protection – 1910.134


OSHA Compliance – Written Programs (General Industry)

Permit required confined space entry – 1910.146

The control of hazardous energy – 1910.147 Asbestos – 1910.1001 Lead – 1910.1025 Bloodborne pathogens – 1910.1030 Hazard communication – 1910.1200 Occupational exposure to hazardous

chemicals in laboratories – 1910.1450


OSHA Compliance – Employee Training

1910.38 Employee Emergency Plans 1910.39 Fire Prevention Plans 1910.67 Vehicle Mounted Elevating and

Rotating Work Platforms 1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure 1910.110 Storage and Handling of LPG 1910.119 Process Safety Management 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and

Emergency Response



1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment 1910.134 Respiratory Protection 1910.145 Accident Prevention Signs and Tags 1910.146 Permit Required Confined Space

Entry 1910.147 The Control of Hazardous Energy 1910.151 Medical Services and First Aid 1910 Subpart L (.155 - .165) Fire Protection

(including fire extinguishers)



1910.177 Servicing Multi-Piece and Single Piece Rim Wheels

1910.178 Powered Industrial Vehicles 1910.179 Overhead and Gantry Cranes 1910.217/1910.218 Mechanical Power

Presses and Forging Machines 1910.252 – 255 Welding, Cutting, Brazing 1910.331-.335 Electrical – Safety-Related

Work Practices



1910.1001 Asbestos 1910.1003 - 1052 Carcinogens and specific

chemicals 1910.1020 Employee Exposure and Medical

Records 1910.1025 Lead 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens 1910.1200 Hazard Communication 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous

Chemicals in Laboratories


OSHA Compliance – Physical Requirements

Based upon top OSHA citations Electrical wiring Machine guarding Floor and wall opening and holes Exit routes Personal protective equipment Grinders


OSHA Compliance – Physical Requirements

Fire extinguishers Flammable material storage – including

compressed gases Hand and portable tool condition Stairs/handrails Housekeeping


Recent Examples


Hazard Identification – OSHA Compliance

Validate It’s not enough to have written and employee

training programs in place Ensure the programs are doing what they were

intended to Lockout/Tagout Confined Space PPE


Lockout Periodic Inspection

Show examples of validation Forms, checklists, etc


Validate

Confined Space Permits must be retrained for one year Review to ensure they are properly completed, no

unexpected hazards occurred, properly closed PPE

Hazard assessments completed; employees wearing PPE?

Hazard Communication MSDS, container labeling

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Hazard Identification - JSAs

Identify job(s) to be analyzed List each step of the job (it takes balance) For each step, identify:

What can go wrong What are the consequences How can it happen What are the contributing factors How likely is it to occur

Look at worker, task and tools See OSHA “Job Hazard Analysis” - Publication 3071


Hazard Identification - JSAs

Task Hazards Controls

Park vehicle a) Vehicle too close to passing traffic

b) Vehicle on uneven, soft ground

c) Vehicle may roll.

a) Drive to area well clear of traffic. Turn on emergency flashers

b) Choose a firm, level parking area

c) Apply the parking brake; leave transmission in PARK; place blocks in front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite the flat

Remove spare

and tool kit Strain from lifting spare. Turn spare into upright position in the wheel

well. Using your legs and standing as close as possible, lift spare out of truck and roll to flat tire.

Required Training:

Required PPE:


Hazard Identification - Audits

Conduct an audit of your facility Don’t limit to physical conditions Consider work practices Use checklists specific to your industry or a general

checklist Ergonomics assessments

See OSHA “Small Business Handbook” – Publication 2209


Hazard Identification - Ergonomics

Simple ergonomics assessment form Quick Exposure Check (UK) – David, Geoffrey, et al (2008) The development of

the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Applied Ergonomics. 39; 57-69


Hazard Identification – Employee Suggestions

Seek employee input Ask what job tasks cause injuries, discomfort

or are extremely challenging Have the employees provide suggestions on

how to correct the situations – they usually have some of the best solutions


Hazard Assessments - Consultation

Ask for assistance Workers Compensation Carrier

Loss Control Representative OSHA Consultation


Prioritizing Your Actions

After you know what should be done – how do you determine how you want to prioritize the needs you identified?

Three basic principles Focus on compliance Focus on injuries Focus on exposure


Prioritizing Your Actions - OSHA

Focus on the issues most likely to result in an OSHA citation

Serious issues first – those most likely to lead to significant injury


Prioritizing Your Actions - Injuries

Focus on the issues causing the most injuries/illness

Focus on the issues causing the greatest amount of lost/restricted workdays

Focus on the issues causing the greatest workers compensation losses


Prioritizing Your Actions - Exposure

Use the data you collected during the needs/hazard assessment

Determine relative impact of the need Severity * Frequency * % employees exposed

Highest scoring items should be addressed first


Severity and Frequency

Severity 5 Catastrophic 4 Serious 3 Moderate 2 Minor 1 Insignificant

Frequency 5 Multiple times per day 4 Once per day 3 Once per week 2 Once per month 1 Less than once per

month


% Employees Exposed and Example

% Employees Exposed 5 80 – 100% 4 60 – 79% 3 40 – 59% 2 20 – 39% 1 0 – 19%

Example Maintenance

employees are not using lockout/tagout when repairing large power presses. Maintenance makes up 30% of employees.

5 * 5 * 2 = 50


Prioritizing Your Actions

Best method is generally a combination of the approaches

Ultimately dependent upon organizational philosophy


Hierarchy of Risk Control

1. Engineering controls

2. Administrative controls

3. Personal protective equipment

Better controls rely less upon human follow through

It may take a combination of controls to address a specific hazard


Hierarchy of Risk Control – Engineering Controls

Elimination/minimization of the hazard - Designing the facility, equipment, or process to remove the hazard, or substituting processes, equipment, materials, or other factors to lessen the hazard

Enclosure of the hazard using enclosed cabs, enclosures for noisy equipment, or other means

Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards, blast shields, welding curtains, or other means

Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local and exhaust ventilation


Hierarchy of Risk Control – Administrative Controls

Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe work practices

Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to control temperature extremes and ergonomic hazards)

Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials Alarms, signs, and warnings Buddy system Training


Hierarchy of Risk Control – Personal Protective Equipment

May include hearing protection, protective clothing, safety glasses, and hardhats

Should only be used: When engineering controls are not feasible or do

not totally eliminate the hazard While engineering controls are being developed When safe work practices do not provide

sufficient additional protection During emergencies when engineering controls

may not be feasible


Summary/Learning Objectives

After this session you should: Explain the purpose of a needs assessment in

regards to workplace safety. Detail six methods to identify hazards in your

workplace. Summarize three methods to prioritize your efforts

to improve workplace safety. Describe the preferred risk control method.


Questions


Small Group Activity

Have teams write sample JSAs Cutting a bagel Shaving (with razor) Making pizza etc

2010 Region VII VPPPA Conference – Omaha, NE May 26, 2010 1 Needs Assessment and Prioritization of...

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