2010 05 LIPI Langkah Penyusunan Proposal

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN DAN EKONOMI SYARIAH:LANGKAH-LANGKAH PENYUSUNAN PROPOSALLANGKAH LANGKAH PENYUSUNAN PROPOSAL

A s c a r y a

25 Mei, 2010, LIPICenter of Education and Central Banking Studies – Bank Indonesia

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

DEFINITIONh l i d i b i i h d ib i• A research proposal is a document written by a scientist that describes in

details the program for a proposed scientific investigation.• A research proposal is similar in a number of ways to a project proposal;• A research proposal is similar in a number of ways to a project proposal;

however, a research proposal addresses a particular project: academic or scientific research. The forms and procedures for such research are well defined by the field of study, so guidelines for research proposals are generally more exacting than less formal project proposals.

PURPOSEPURPOSE• A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile

research project and that you have the competence and the work‐plan toresearch project and that you have the competence and the work plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the

d l h d d

2

readers to evaluate the proposed study.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

REASONd f h h h d ib• Budget request for the research they describe;

• Certification requirements for research (e.g. from an ethics committee if the experiment is to be done on human beings or animals protected by laws);experiment is to be done on human beings or animals protected by laws);

• Task in tertiary education (e.g. before performing research for a thesis or dissertation); or )

• Condition for employment at a research institution (which usually requires sponsor‐approved research proposals).

WHY IMPORTANT?• The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your

d j b l h li f l i i dproposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and

3

p y , p y y g ,compelling.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

STYLEh h i f h l h i il i i h f i ifi• The phrasing of research proposals has many similarities to that of scientific articles. Of course, research proposals are written in future tense and have different points of emphasis. p p

• Research proposals have sections describing the research background, significance, methods, and references.

• The method section of research proposals is far more detailed than those of scientific articles, allowing profound understanding of the price and risks of the study and the plans for reducing themstudy and the plans for reducing them.

• Instead of a section describing the results, research proposals have a section describing the hypotheses or the expected results. g yp p

• A typical research proposal includes an extensive but focused literature review. A research proposal may also include preliminary results.

4

• Research proposals must offer convincing support of need for the research study being proposed.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

EXAMPLEl di i b i i h h l h l b• Doctoral dissertations begin with research proposal; the proposal must be

accepted by a panel of experts (usually professors) before the actual research can begin. In addition to providing rationale for the proposed research, the g p g p p ,proposal must described a detailed methodology for conducting the research‐‐a methodology consistent with requirements of the professional or academic fi ldfield.

• Research sponsors publish calls for research proposals, specifying the topics into which they fund research and their detailed format requirements. Thoseinto which they fund research and their detailed format requirements. Those sponsors may be governmental, nonprofit or business research foundations.

BOTTOM LINE• All research proposals must address the following questions:

‐What you plan to accomplish; Wh d i d

5

‐Why you want to do it; and ‐ How you are going to do it.

Menemukan Dilema ManajemenMendefinisikan Pertanyaan Manajemeny jMendefinisikan Pertanyaan Penelitian

Mempertajam Pertanyaan Penelitian

P j j k P j j kPenjajakan Penjajakan

ProposalPenelitianRESEARCH PROCESS

Desain Penelitian

Pengumpulan Data dan Persiapan

Analisis Data dan InterpretasiAnalisis Data dan Interpretasi

Laporan Penelitian

6

KeputusanManajemen

Perencanaan Penelitian

Pengumpulan Data

Analisis, Interpretasi, Pelaporan

Pertanyaan ManajemenPertanyaan Penelitian

Pertanyaan PenyelidikanPertanyaan Pengukuran

Pencarian Penggalian literatur untuk usulan solusi

ggdata untuk

usulan solusi

P i lit t P li d tP i lit t P li d tPencarian literatur untuk memahami

dilema manajemen

Penggalian data untuk memahami

dilema manajemen

Pencarian literatur untuk informasi

topik-topik

Penggalian data untuk informasi

topik-topik

Pencarian literatur untuk contoh pertanyaan

Pencarian literatur untuk sampling dan

desain penelitian

Penggalian data untuk kerangka

sampel

Penjajakan

D i P liti

ProposalPenelitianRESEARCH PROCESS

7

Desain PenelitianStrategi Desain

Jenis, Tujuan, Rentang waktu, lingkungan

RESEARCH IN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC & FINANCE OBJECTIVES

Justice & Equitable Dist. of Income &Price

Full Employment

of Income & Wealth

Stability in the Value of

Price Stability

p y& Growth Money

Economic E l tFALAHGrowthEmployment

Conventional ECONOMY Islamic ECONOMY

8

FALAH: wellbeing and prosperity in this world and the hereafter.

RESEARCH IN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC & FINANCEAL‐QUR’ANAS‐SUNNAH

Islamic Economic Literatures

Conventional Economic Literatures

Menemukan Dilema ManajemenMendefinisikan Pertanyaan ManajemenMendefinisikan Pertanyaan PenelitianMendefinisikan Pertanyaan Penelitian

Mempertajam Pertanyaan Penelitian

Penjajakan Penjajakan

P l DualConv vs Islamic ProposalPenelitian

Desain Penelitian

Dual Economic Literatures

Conv. vs. Islamic Economic Literatures

9

Desain PenelitianStrategi Desain

Jenis, Tujuan, Rentang waktu, lingkungan

HALAMAN JUDUL

v JUDUL h ld b i d d i i l h h " i i i• It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, "An investigation

of . . ." could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and p, y pdependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also

di hi /h f bl t d th lpredisposes him/her favorably towards the proposal.+ ABSTRAK

It i b i f f i t l 300 d It h ld i l d th• It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.

10

HALAMAN JUDUL

JENIS Akademik Internal Eksternal

MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

JUDUL v v v v v v v v v vPENULIS v v v v v v v v v vABSTRAK + + +JEL Classifications + + +Keywords + + +

RINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF v v v v v vRINGKASAN EKSEKUTIF v v v v v v

11

PENDAHULUAN

PENDAHULUAN• The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary backgroundThe main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background

or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing.

• “The introduction is the part of the paper that provides readers with the background information for the research reported in the paper. Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research so that readers can understand howto establish a framework for the research, so that readers can understand how it is related to other research” (Wilkinson, 1991, p. 96).

• In an introduction, the writer should: ‐ Create reader interest in the topic;‐ Lay the broad foundation for the problem that leads to the study;Place the study within the larger context of the scholarly literature; and‐ Place the study within the larger context of the scholarly literature; and

‐ Reach out to a specific audience. (Creswell, 1994, p. 42).• The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area,

12

yp y g g p ,with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study.

PENDAHULUAN

CAKUPAN1 S h h bl hi h i f f d h f h d1. State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study. 2. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to

show its necessity and importance. y p3. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth

doing. 4. Briefly describe the major issues and sub‐problems to be addressed by your research. 5. Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment.

Alternatively, specify the phenomenon you want to study.Alternatively, specify the phenomenon you want to study. 6. State your hypothesis or theory, if any. For exploratory or phenomenological research,

you may not have any hypotheses. (Please do not confuse the hypothesis with the i i l ll h h i )statistical null hypothesis.)

7. Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research in order to provide a clear focus.

13

8. Provide definitions of key concepts. (This is optional.)

PENDAHULUAN

ISIBackground – Latar BelakangMemaparkan latar belakang penelitian yang mengerucut kepada pemilihan topik penelitian secara padat dan informatif.topik penelitian secara padat dan informatif.

Problem Statement – Rumusan MasalahDisajikan dalam bentuk pertanyaan manajemen, berdasar latar belakang dan akibat‐akibatnya, dengan batasan‐batasan yang jelas.

Research Objectives – Tujuan PenelitianMemaparkan secara jelas apa yang direncanakan dalam penelitian yangMemaparkan secara jelas apa yang direncanakan dalam penelitian yang diusulkan. Bentuknya: pertanyaan penyelidikan

Data and Methodology – Data dan MetodologiPenjelasan ringkas tentang data yang dipakai dan metodologi yang dipilih untuk menganalisis masalah dan menjawab pertanyaan penyelidikan.

Importance of the Study – Pentingnya / Manfaat Penelitian

14

Importance of the Study – Pentingnya / Manfaat PenelitianManfaat yang akan diperoleh dan pentingnya penelitian dilakukan sekarang.

PENDAHULUAN


MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

PENDAHULUAN

Latar Belakang v v v v v v v v v vRumusan Masalah v v v v v v v vTujuan Penelitian v v v v v v v v v vPembatasan Masalah + + v v vHipotesis + + +Hipotesis + + +Data dan Metodologi + v v v v v v v v vManfaat Penelitian v v v v v v v

15

Sistematika Penulisan v v v v v v v

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

PURPOSE“ h i f h li id h b k d d f h• “The review of the literature provides the background and context for the research problem. It should establish the need for the research and indicate that the writer is knowledgeable about the area” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 406).g ( , , p )

• The literature review accomplishes several important things.1. It shares with the reader the results of other studies that are closely y

related to the study being reported (Fraenkel & Wallen, 1990).2. It relates a study to the larger, ongoing dialogue in the literature about a

i filli i d di i di ( h ll &topic, filling in gaps and extending prior studies (Marshall & Rossman, 1989).

3 It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study as3. It provides a framework for establishing the importance of the study, as well as a benchmark for comparing the results of a study with other findings.

16

4. It “frames” the problem earlier identified.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

PURPOSE“ h i f h li id h b k d d f h• “The review of the literature provides the background and context for the research problem. It should establish the need for the research and indicate that the writer is knowledgeable about the area” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 406).g ( , , p )

• Demonstrate to the reader that you have a comprehensive grasp of the field and are aware of important recent substantive and methodological developments.

• Delineate the “jumping‐off place” for your study. How will your study refine, revise or extend what is now known?revise, or extend what is now known?

• Avoid statements that imply that little has been done in the area or that what has been done is too extensive to permit easy summary. Statements of this p y ysort are usually taken as indications that the writer is not really familiar with the literature.

17

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA


MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Landasan Teori

- Masalah v v v v v v v v v v- Model/Metodologi v v v v v v v v v v

Penelitian Terdahulu

Masalah v v v v v v v v v v- Masalah v v v v v v v v v v- Model/Metodologi v v v v v v v v v v

Kerangka Pemikiran + v v + v v v v v v

18

g

Posisi Penelitian + v v

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

FUNGSI1 h " i i h h l"1. Ensures that you are not "reinventing the wheel". 2. Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research. 3 D t t k l d f th h bl3. Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem. 4. Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues

related to your research question.related to your research question. 5. Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information. 6. Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature. 6. d cates you ab ty to teg ate a d sy t es e t e e st g te atu e.7. Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual

framework for your research. 8. Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant and

substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving an important theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature)

19

theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

COMMON MISTAKES1 ki i i d1. Lacking organization and structure 2. Lacking focus, unity and coherence 3 B i titi d b3. Being repetitive and verbose 4. Failing to cite influential papers 5 Failing to keep up with recent developments5. Failing to keep up with recent developments 6. Failing to critically evaluate cited papers 7 Citing irrelevant or trivial references7. Citing irrelevant or trivial references 8. Depending too much on secondary sources

20

METODOLOGI

NATURE“Th h d d i i ll h h f h h l Th• “The methods or procedures section is really the heart of the research proposal. The activities should be described with as much detail as possible, and the continuity between them should be apparent” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 409).

• Indicate the methodological steps you will take to answer every question or to test every hypothesis illustrated in the Questions/Hypotheses section.

• All research is plagued by the presence of confounding variables (the noise that covers• All research is plagued by the presence of confounding variables (the noise that covers up the information you would like to have). Confounding variables should be minimized by various kinds of controls or be estimated and taken into account by

( )randomization processes (Guba, 1961).• Be aware of possible sources of error to which your design exposes you. You will not

produce a perfect, error free design (no one can). However, you should anticipateproduce a perfect, error free design (no one can). However, you should anticipate possible sources of error and attempt to overcome them or take them into account in your analysis. Moreover, you should disclose to the reader the sources you have identified and what efforts you have made to account for them

21

identified and what efforts you have made to account for them.

METODOLOGI

NATUREh h d i i i b i ll h• The Method section is very important because it tells your Research Committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your p y p yproject.

• The guiding principle for writing the Method section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound. Some even argue that a good proposal should contain sufficient details for another qualified researcher to implement the study.for another qualified researcher to implement the study.

• You need to demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question.

22

METODOLOGI


MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

METODOLOGI

Data v v v v v v v v v vVar. & Definisi Op. + v v + v v v v v vMetodologi Penelitian v v v v v v v v v v

REFERENSI v v v v v v v v v vLAMPIRAN + v v v v v v v v vLAMPIRAN + v v v v v v v v v

23

METODOLOGI

NATUREh h d i i i b i ll h• The Method section is very important because it tells your Research Committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your p y p yproject.

• The guiding principle for writing the Method section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound. Some even argue that a good proposal should contain sufficient details for another qualified researcher to implement the study.for another qualified researcher to implement the study.

• You need to demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question.

24

METODOLOGI

NATUREi i di h h d i i ll i f h f ll i• For quantitative studies, the method section typically consists of the following

sections: 1. Design ‐Is it a questionnaire study or a laboratory experiment? What kind of g q y y p

design do you choose? 2. Subjects or participants ‐Who will take part in your study ? What kind of

li d d ?sampling procedure do you use? 3. Instruments ‐What kind of measuring instruments or questionnaires do you

use? Why do you choose them? Are they valid and reliable? y y y4. Procedure ‐ How do you plan to carry out your study? What activities are

involved? How long does it take?

25

LAMPIRAN


MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

LAMPIRAN + v v v v v v v v vKualifikasi Peneliti + v v v vAnggaran + + + v v v v v vJadwal + v v v v v v v v vFasilitas & SDM + + v v v v v vManajemen Proyek v v vManajemen Proyek v v vDaftar Istilah + v v v v vInstrumen Pengukuran v v v v

26

g

COMMON MISTAKES

1. Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question. 2 Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research2. Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research. 3. Failure to cite landmark studies. 4. Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by

other researchers. 5. Failure to stay focused on the research question. 6. Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed6. Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed

research. 7. Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues.

h bli i " ll h " i h l f8. Too much rambling ‐‐ going "all over the map" without a clear sense of direction. (The best proposals move forward with ease and grace like a seamless river.) )

9. Too many citation lapses and incorrect references. 10. Too long or too short. 11 F ili t f ll th STANDARD ( APA) t l

27

11. Failing to follow the STANDARD (e.g., APA) style. 12. Slopping writing.

Wallahu a’lam BishawwabWallahu a lam BishawwabQuestions and Answers

HASIL & ANALISIS


MODUL

Pape

Jurna

Tesis

Diserta

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Penjaja

Skala K

Skala

Besa

Pem

eriner/ al s asi

akan

Kecil

a ar akan

Kecil

a ar ntah

HASIL & ANALISIS

Hasil Perhitungan v v v v v v v v v vAnalisis v v v v v v v v v vImplikasi Kebijakan + v v + v v + v v v

PENUTUP

Kesimpulan v v v v v v v v v vKesimpulan v v v v v v v v v vRekomendasi. + v v + v v + v v v

REFERENSI v v v v v v v v v v

29

LAMPIRAN v v v v v v v v v v

2010 05 LIPI Langkah Penyusunan Proposal

Documents

Transcript of 2010 05 LIPI Langkah Penyusunan Proposal