2009 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees … · Engineering Grantees Conference December...

Vernizzi & Vernizzi & Olvera de la Cruz, NU, 2009NU, 2009

2009 NSF Nanoscale Science and 2009 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees ConferenceEngineering Grantees Conference

December 7December 7--9, 20099, 2009

www.nseresearch.orgwww.nseresearch.org

Nanotechnology at NSF

M.C. RocoNational Science Foundation

and National Nanotechnology Initiative

NSF's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference December 7, 2009

“Vision for nanotechnology in the next decade” (2001-2010)

Systematic control of matter on the nanoscale will lead to a revolution in technology and industry- Change the foundations from micro to nano in

knowledge, industry, medicine, sustainability, ..- Create a general purpose technology (similar IT)

Adopt nanotechnology definition for the R&D programMore important than miniaturization itself: More important than miniaturization itself: Novel properties/ phenomena/ processes/ natural threshold Unity and generality of principles Most efficient length scale for manufacturing, biomedicine Show transition from basic phenomena and components to

system applications in 10 areas

Book, Springer, 2000

MC Roco, 3/11/1999

Ne w

area

ENVIRONMENT

ELECT R O N I C S

MANUFACTURING

SECURITY

HEALTH

CARE

TRANSPORT

INSTRUMENTS

ENERGY

InfrastructureWorkforcePartnerships

MATERIALSNS&E integration for general purpose technology

~ ~ 20112011 ~ ~ 20202020Direct measurements; Science-based design and processes;

Collective effects; Create nanosystems by technology integration

New disciplinesNew industriesSocietal impact

Foundational interdisciplinary research at nanoscale~ ~ 20012001 ~ ~ 20102010Indirect measurements, Empirical correlations; Single principles, phenomena, tools; Create nanocomponents by empirical design2000

2020

MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

CREATING A NEW FIELD AND COMMUNITY IN TWO FOUNDATIONAL STEPS (2000~2020)

Mass application of nanotechnology after ~ 2020

Introduction of New Generations of Products and Productive Processes (2000-2020)

Timeline for beginning of industrial prototyping and nanotechnology commercialization

11stst:: Passive nanostructures (1st generation products)Ex: coatings, nanoparticles, nanostructured metals, polymers, ceramics

22ndnd: Active nanostructures Ex: 3D transistors, amplifiers, targeted drugs, actuators, adaptive structures

33rdrd: NanosystemsEx: guided assembling; 3D networking and new hierarchical architectures, robotics, evolutionary

44thth: Molecular nanosystems Ex: molecular devices ‘by design’, atomic design, emerging functions

~ 2010

~ 2005

20002000

Incr

ease

d C

ompl

exity

, Dy

nam

ics, T

rans

disc

iplin

arit y

~ 20152015--20202020

CMU

Converging technologies Ex: nano-bio-info from nanoscale, cognitive technologies; large complex systems from nanoscale

Reference: AIChE Journal, Vol. 50 (5), 2004

DOCTA

DHS

NRC

FDA

CPSCITC

USPTO

NIOSH

DOC BIS

USDAFS

DOEd

DOL

NSF

DOEDOD

NASA

NIST

NIHOMBOSTP

EPA

DOT

DOTr

DOJ

ITIC

DOS

USDA

National Nanotechnology

Initiative Collaborative, multi-agency, cross-cut program

among 25 Federal agencies USGS

2009 Nanotechnology Regional, State, and Local Initiatives (34)

CA NanoSystem Institute (CNSI)

Northern CA

Nano Initiative

Connecticut Innovations

Girvan Institute

MA

Nanotechnology Initiative

OK

Nano-technology Initiative (ONI)

IN

Birck Nanotechn.

Center

CO

Nano-Technology Initiative

AR

Nanotechnology Cluster

NanoBusines

s Alliance

NanoBusines

s Alliance

Albany Nanotech

TX

Nano- technology

Initiative

MA Technology

Transfer Center

WV Nano Initiative

Southwest Nano

Consortium; AZ, CO, NM, TX, no.

Mex.

Southwest Nano

Consortium; AZ, CO, NM, TX, no.

Mex.

Mid Atlantic

Nanotech Alliance (MANA)

PA, NJ, DE

Mid Atlantic

Nanotech Alliance (MANA)

PA, NJ, DE

KS

Technology Enterprise

Corporation

Maine Technology Institute

MS

Technology Alliance

MN

Nano

ND

Centers of Excellence

The OH

Nano- Network

OR

Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI)

PA

Nanomaterials Commercialization

Center

Utah

Science, Tech., and Research

Initiative (USTAR)

nanoSTAR Institute, VA

Nanoelectronics Research Initiative

NC

Nanotechnology

Greater Washington

Nanotech Alliance

GA Tech

Marcus Nanotechnology Building

Multi state/regionalNational outreach

NNI nets: NSF -

10DOE -

1NIH -

4 NIST -

2

North AL Nanotechnology Organization

http://www.nano.gov/html/funding/businessops.html#RSLI

MA

Techn. Development Corporation

TX

Emerging Technologies

FundMC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

2009 NNI Context: Congress

• HR 5940, AN ACT To authorize activities for support of nanotechnology research and development.

• S. 1482: To reauthorize the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act, THE SENATE, July 21, 2009Mr. Kerry, Ms. Snowe, Mr. Rockfeller, Mr. Pryor, and Mr. Wyden,

• Required each year: NNI Annual Report, Budget Request, and list accomplishments

• Required each 3 years:Strategic Plan, PCAST and Academies reports on NNI

• Ad-hoc evaluations: GAO (2007, 2009), nano-EHS results


Context: NSTC/OSTP and OMB

• Memorandum for NSTC Principals of August 4, 2009: 3 Nanoscale Science and Engineering signature initiatives; increasing nano-EHS investment

• NSTC/NSET Subcommittee meetings each month, and periodical reporting to OSTP

• Four NSET/WGs on nano- EHS, interaction with industry, public participation, and international

• NNI annual report with list of outcomes

• OMB cross-cut budget for NNI each year MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

A STRATEGY FOR AMERICAN INNOVATION- U.S., White House paper, September 20, 2009 -

“ Administration is committed to strengthening and focusing investments in our world-class nanotechnology research and development pipeline; targeting support for nanotechnology transfer and facilitating commercial start-ups; and cross-disciplinary training and education of scientists and engineers in the new-generation workforce. This will enable us to capitalize on our investments and stay at the cutting edgeof this rapidly growing technology.”

MC Roco, Nov. 9 2009

Time line for the number of NSF awards, number of journal articles (ISO), and number of patents (USPTO) on nanoscale science and engineering

published between 1991 and 2008 (searched by keywords title & abstract) Percentage of NSE Awards/Patents/Papers

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

12%

13%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

NS

F-N

SE

Aw

ard

/ Pap

er /

Pate

nt P

erce

ntag

e

Top 20 Journals' Nano Paper Percentage

3 Selected Journals' Nano Paper Percentage

Title-claim Search's Nano Patent Percentage

NSF Nano New Award Percentage

Proportion of nanotechnology contents in NSF awards, ISO papers and USPTO patents (1991-2009)

Searched by keywords in the title and abstract/claims

All journals 4.5%

USPTO patents 1.5%

NSF grants ~ 11%


Nanotechnology-related SCI papers per year

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,00019

91

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

SCI p

aper

s

All SCI papersSCI papers with the 1st author from the USSCI papers with at least one author from the US

WORDWIDE NUMBER OF NANOTECHNOLOGY SCI ARTICLES


Total number of nanotechnology applications per year

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Year

Num

ber o

f Pat

ent A

pplic

atio

ns

All applicationsNon-overlapping applications

WORDWIDE NUMBER OF NANOTECHNOLOGY PATENT APPLICATIONS

Year All applications Non-overlapping

1991 224 224

2000 1,197 1,153

2008 12,776 10,067


2000-2008Worldwide annual growth rate = 34.5%

010002000300040005000600070008000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

mill

ions

$ /

year

W. EuropeJapanUSAOthersTotal

Context Context –– Nanotechnology in the WorldNanotechnology in the WorldNational government investments 1997National government investments 1997--2007 2007 (estimation NSF)(estimation NSF)

NNI Preparation(vision / benchmark)

1st Strategic Plan(passive nanostructures)

2nd Strategic Plan(active ns. & systems)

Seed funding(1991 - )

Country / Region

Gov. Nano

R&D 2007 ($M)

Specific Nano

R&D 2007 ($/Capita)

USA 1500 5.0EU-25 ~1450 4.0Japan ~ 980 7.5China ~ 350 0.3Korea ~ 315 6.0Taiwan ~ 110 4.5

MC. RocoIndustry R&D ($7.3B) has exceeded national government R&D ($6.5B) in 2007

2000-2009Changing international context:

government funding

Changing national investmentFY 2010 NNI Budget Request - $1,640 million

Fiscal Year NNI2000 $270M2001 $464M2002 $697M2003 $862M2004 $989M2005 $1,200M2006 $1,303M2007 $1,425M2008 $1,491M2009 $1,650M

Request 2010 $1,636M

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

NNI ($ million)3-D Column 2

NNI / R&D ~ 1/4 of the world R&D

+ $140M (ARRA/stimulus) = $1,790M

20012001--20102010


NSF – discovery, innovation and education in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSE)

www.nsf.gov/nano , www.nano.govFY 2010 Budget Request $423M– Fundamental research ~ 5,000 active projects – Establishing the infrastructure - 26 large centers, 2 user facilities, teams– Training and education >10,000 students and teachers/y; ~ $30M/y

Fiscal Year NSF2000 $97M2001 $150M2002 $199M2003 $221M2004 $254M2005 $338M2006 $344M2007 $373M2008 $389M2009 $397M

Request 2010 $423M

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

NSE ($M)3-D Column 2

+ $108M (ARRA / stimulus) = $505M

20012001--20102010


NSE: Role of EngineeringEngineering has a leading role in NSE because:

- nanotechnology deals with systems at nanoscale- integrative, interdisciplinary- transforming tool

Collaboration with NSF Directorates: MPS, CISE, BIO, GEO, SBE, HERAlso, NNI - 24 departments and agencies (DOE,DOD, NASA, NIH, NIST, EPA, etc.)

Changing engineering disciplines (research, education, relevance)

2000 $97M $30.0M2001 $150M $55.3M2002 $199M $86.3M2003 $221M $94.4M2004 $254M $108.9M2005 $338M $127.8M2006 $344M $127.8M2007 $373M $137.2M2008 $389M $137.2M2009 $397M $140.0M

R 2010 $413M $148M

050

100150200250300350400450

2000 2000 2006 2009

NSE ($M)ENG ($M)

+ $35M (ARRA / stimulus) = $175M

20012001--20102010


Top 15 institutions by NSE Active Amount in FY 2009

$0

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

$15,000,000

$20,000,000

Northw

ester

nPurd

ueU of

Wisc

onsin

UC Berkele

yCorn

ellU of

Colo

rado

U of M

assU of

Mich

igan

U of M

innU of

Illino

isUCLA

U of Tex

asU of

Pen

nGA Tec

h

U of W

ashin

gton

Institution

Nan

o A

CTI

VE

Am

t.


Top 15 institutions by the Number of Active NSE Awards in FY 2009

100

9083 82

74 72 70 69 66 64 62 61 60 60 59

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Purdue

GA Tech

U of M

ichiga

nU of

Illino

isNort

hwes

tern

U of M

innU of

Texas

Penn S

tate

Arizon

a Stat

eU of

Florida

Cornell

U of W

iscon

sinUC Berk

eley

MIT

U of W

ashin

gton

Institution

No.

AC

TIVE

Aw

ards


No. NSE ACTIVE Awads by State (FY 2009)

528

359328 321

284

247

176 168 166 155 152 151125 117 116

102 102 93 90 89 8769 69 66 57 53 51 41 40 40 38 37 37 36 35 33 29 27 25 20 19 19 16 16 14 11 11 8 8 6 5 1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

State

No

AC

TIVE

Aw

ards

NSE ACTIVE Awards Amount by State (FY 2009)

$0

$20,000,000

$40,000,000

$60,000,000

$80,000,000

$100,000,000

State

Nan

o A

CTI

VE A

mt.


AK - 2.5; AL - 68.4; AR - 35.8; AZ - 75.1; CA - 548.7; CO - 135.6; CT - 46.9; DC - 38.2; DE - 26; FL - 94.7; GA - 75.3; HI - 1.6; IA - 30; ID - 12.5; IL - 280.4; IN - 116.6; KS - 19.3; KY - 37.4; LA - 34.4; MA - 363.6; MD - 82.3; ME - 5.9; MI - 105.9; MN - 80.9; MO - 40.2; MS - 26.3; MT - 10.3; NC - 116.8; ND - 16.1; NE - 41.2; NH - 14.2; NJ - 100.4; NM - 31.3; NV - 11.9; NY - 418.8; OH - 145.3; OK - 33.5; OR - 34.6; PA - 273.4; PR - 32.2; RI - 37.4; SC - 34.8; SD - 23.3; TN - 46.8; TX - 225.2; UT - 28.3; VA - 83.8; VT - 7.2; WA - 59.7; WI - 106.6; WV - 8.7; WY - 3.3

AK - 2.5

68.4 75.3

HI - 1.6

30.0

12.5

280.4116.6

19.3 37.4

34.4

----------MA - 363.6

35.8

--------MD - 82.3

5.9

105.9

80.9

40.2

26.3

10.3

116.8

16.1

41.2

75.1

-------------NH - 14.2

------------------NJ - 100.4

31.3

11.9

418.8

145.3

33.5

34.6

273.4

PR - 32.2

548.7

-----RI - 37.4

34.8

23.3

46.8

225.2

28.3 83.8

---------------------VT - 7.2

59.7

106.6

135.6

8.7

3.3

------------CT - 46.9

--------------------------DC - 38.2------------DE - 26

94.7

Total Amt. FY01-09 ($10^6)<= 12.5 12.5 - 3030 - 38.2 38.2 - 80.980.9 - 116.8 116.8 - 548.7

Total Amount for NEW NS&E Awards FYs 2001 – 2009 by State ($M)

StateNEW FY

2001-2009 Rank

CA $549M 1

NY $419M 2

MA $364M 3

IL $280M 4

PA $273M 5

TX $225M 6 MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

AK - 3.96; AL - 13.03; AR - 13.14; AZ - 14.04; CA - 14.59; CO - 28.02; CT - 13.24; DC - 56.31; DE - 31.56; FL - 5.58; GA - 8.89; HI - 1.33; IA - 10.06; ID - 9.57; IL - 21.55; IN - 17.55; KS - 5.81; KY - 8.21; LA - 7.73; MA - 53.67; MD - 17.98; ME - 4.62; MI - 10.46; MN - 14.29; MO - 7.15; MS - 6.28; MT - 11.53; NC - 13.41; ND - 20.42; NE - 22.31; NH - 10.79; NJ - 10.63; NM - 16.36; NV - 5.96; NY - 24.65; OH - 11.54; OK - 11.43; OR - 9.78; PA - 21.75; PR - 6.92; RI - 46.36; SC - 10; SD - 21.99; TN - 8.21; TX - 10.15; UT - 11.34; VA - 12.81; VT - 11.25; WA - 9.86; WI - 21.07; WV - 4.39; WY - 6.78

AK - $3.96

$13.03$8.89

HI - $1.33

$10.06

$9.57

$21.55 $17.55

$5.81 $8.21

$7.73

------MA - $53.67

$13.14

------MD - $17.98

$4.62

$10.46

$14.29

$7.15

$6.28

$11.53

$13.41

$20.42

$22.31

$14.04

------NH - $10.79

------------------NJ - $10.63

$16.36

$5.96

$24.65

$11.54

$11.43

$9.78

$21.75

PR - $6.92

$14.59

-------RI - $46.36

$10.00

$21.99

$8.21

$10.15

$11.34$12.81

---------------------VT - $11.25

$9.86

$21.07

$28.02$4.39

$6.78

---------CT - $13.24

----------------------DC - $56.31------------DE - $31.56

$5.58

PerCapita ACTIVE Amt. FY01-09<= 6.78 6.78 - 1010 - 11.43 11.43 - 14.2914.29 - 21.75 21.75 - 56.31

Per Capita Total Amount for NEW NS&E Awards FYs 2001–2009 by State ($/ capita / 9 years)

State$ per capita per 9 yrs

Rank

DC $56.3 1

MA $53.7 2

RI $46.4 3

DE $31.6 4

CO $28.0 5

NY $24.7 6 MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

AK - 6

113 250

HI - 9

111

28

569 259

62 78

109

-----------MA - 584

100

--------MD - 239

20

352

176

137

51

26

307

32

70

232

---------------NH - 37

------------------NJ - 234

89

36

788

394

84

81

671

PR - 36

1,149

--------RI - 169

121

24

147

583

90 335

---------------VT - 18

167

190

248 20

16

------------CT - 155

------------------DC - 72------------------DE - 84

334

No. NEW Awds. FY 01 - 09<= 32 32 - 8181 - 121 121 - 232232 - 335 335 - 1149

Total Number of NEW NS&E Awards FYs 2001 – 2009 by State

StateNEW FY

2001-2009 Rank

CA 1149 1

NY 788 2

MA 584 3

TX 583 4

PA 671 5

IL 569 6 MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

Nationwide Impact

Ten Nanoscale Science and Engineering networks with national outreach

Nanotechnology Center Learning and Teaching (2004-) 1 million students/ 5yrNanoscale Informal Science Education Network (2005-) 100 sites/ 5yrNetwork for Nanotechnology in Society (2005-) Involve academia, public, industryNanotech Applications and Career Knowledge (2008- ) – nat. technology educ.National Nanomanufacturing Network (2006-) 4 NSETs , DOD centers, and NISTEnvironmental Implications of Nanotechnology (2008-) with EPA

Network for Computational Nanotechnology (2002-) > 90,000 users/ 2008National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (2003-) 4,600 users/ 2007

NSEC Network (2001-) 19 research & education centers MRSEC Network (2001-) 6 new research & education centers since 2000 MC Roco,

Dec. 7 2009

TOOLS

TOPICAL

GENERAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

• For 2-year Community and Technical Colleges; and 4-year Univ. and Colleges

• Created 6 nanotechnology capstone courses 18 credits - lectures, labs., with notes available

• Spin-off regional centers: Dakota Community College; the University of Minnesota; and the University of New Mexico.

Director: Steve Fonash

NSF National Center for Nanotechnology Applications and Career Knowledge (NACK)


Nanotechnology in 2008, still in an earlier formative phase of development

Characterization of nanomodules is using micro parameters and not internal structure

Measurements and simulations of a domain of biological or engineering relevance cannot be done with atomic precision and time resolution of chemical reactions

Manufacturing Processes – empirical, synthesis by trial and error, some control only for one chemical component and in steady state

Nanotechnology products are using only rudimentary nanostructures (dispersions in catalysts, layers in electronics)incorporated in existing products or systems

Knowledge for risk governance – in formationMC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

FY 2009 NS&E Priorities Research AreasFY 2009 NS&E Priorities Research Areas (1)

The long-term objective is building a foundation of fundamental research to understand and restructure matter at nanoscale in all areas of S&E

A. Scientific challenges- New theories at nanoscale

Ex: transition from quantum to classical physics, collective behavior, for simultaneous phenomena

- Non-equilibrium processes- Designing new molecules with engineered functions- New architectures for assemblies of nanocomponents- The emergent behavior of nanosystems


Discovery of Nanoscale RepulsionFederico Capasso, Harvard University

A repulsive force arising at nanoscale was identified similar to attractive repulsive Casimir-Lifshitz forces.

As a gold-coated sphere was brought closer to a silica plate -a repulsive force around one ten-billionth of a newton was measured starting at a separation of about 80 nanometers.

For nanocomponents of the right composition, immersed in a suitable liquid, this repulsive force would amount to a kind of quantum levitation that would keep surfaces slightly apart


C. Moon et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 4, (2009)

Creating the World’s Smallest LettersHari Manoharan, NSF – 0425897, NSEC Stanford U.

A STM is used to position CO molecules on a copper (111) surface and to read out by 2D illumination the molecular holographic encoding spelling the letters SU of size about 1 nm (0.8 by 1.5 nm) in 3D

The letters with features as small as 3 A are formed in the interference pattern generated by the 2D surface state electrons from the (111) face of the copper crystal and confined by the CO molecules acting as local gates (quantum holographic encoding)

1 nmMC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

How to Teleport Quantum Information from One Atom to Another

Chris Monroe, University of Maryland, NSF 0829424

Teleportation to transfer a quantum state over a significant distance from one atom to another was achieved.Two ions are entangled in a quantum way in which actions on one can have an instant effect on the other

Experiments have attempted to teleport states tens of thousands of times per second. But only about 5 times in every billion attempts do they get the simultaneous signal at the beam splitter telling them they can proceed to the final step.

Teleportation carries information between entangled atoms.


Designing molecules for hierarchical selfassemblingDesigning molecules for hierarchical selfassembling

EX: - Biomaterials for human repair: nerves, tissues, wounds (Sam Stupp, NU)

Example 4th generation (in research)

- New nanomachines, robotics - DNA architectures (Ned Seeman, Poly. Inst.)- Designed molecules for self-assembled porous walls (Virgil Percec, U. PA)- Self-assembly processing for artificial cells (Matt Tirrell, UCSB)- Block co-polymers for 3-D structures on surfaces (U. Mass, U. Wisconsin)



B. Development of nanotechnology- Tools for measuring and restructuring

with atomic precision and time resolution of chemical reactions

- Understanding and use of quantum phenomena- Understanding and use of multi-scale selfassembling- Nanobiotechnology – sub-cellular and systems approach- Nanomanufacturing hybrid, on site- Systems nanotechnology


4D Microscope Revolutionizes the Way We Look at the Nano World

A. Zewail, Caltech, and winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Use of ultra short laser flashes to observe fundamental motion and chemical reactions in real-time (timescale of a femtosecond, 10-15s), with 3D real-space atomic resolution.

Allows for visualization of complex structural changes (dynamics, chemical reactions) in real space and real time. Such visualization may lead to fundamentally new ways of thinking about matter

http://ust.caltech.edu/movie_gallery/

Nanodrumming of graphite, visualized with 4D microscopy.



C. Integration of nanotechnology in application areas- Replacing electron charge as the information carrier

in electronics - Energy conversion, water filtration

/ desalinization using new principles

- Efficient nanomanufacturing and sustainable environment- Nano-bio interfaces between the human body

and manmade devices- Nano-informatics for better communication and

nanosystem design

SEM micrographs of membranes (UIUC)


Excited Atoms to Advance Quantum ComputingMark Saffman, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Use a single atom to control another atom: potential to create working logic devices, similar to transistors in an electronic circuit, which could eventually be used in a quantum computer.

Experiment performed to prove Rydberg blockade effect for quantum logic gates. End-on view of high numerical aperture

custom lens system used to trap and image single atoms.

Nature Physics, 2009 MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI)

36

NRI Mission: Demonstrate novel computing devices capable of replacing the CMOS FET as a logic switch in the 2020 timeframe.

To meet these goals, NRI pursues five research vectors:

• NEW DEVICE: Device with alternative state vector

• NEW WAYS TO CONNECT DEVICES: Non-charge data transfer

• NEW METHODS FOR COMPUTATION: Non-equilibrium systems

• NEW METHODS TO MANAGE HEAT: Nanoscale phonon engineering

• NEW METHODS OF FABRICATION: Directed self-assembly of devices


• Quantum information science (IT; Nano and subatomic physics; System approach for dynamic/ probabilistic processes, entanglement and measurement)

• Eco-bio-complexity (Bio; Nano; System approach for understanding how macroscopic ecological patterns and processes are maintained based on molecular mechanisms, evolutionary mechanisms; interface between ecology and economics; epidemiological dynamics)

• Neuromorphic engineering (Nano, Bio, IT, neurosc.)• Cyber-physical systems (IT, NT, BIO, others)• Synthetic & system biology (Bio, Nano, IT, neuroscience)• Cognitive enhancers (Bio, Nano, neuroscience)

Converging science and technology -Examples of new transdisciplinary domains


Every major ecosystem is under threat at different time scales: food, water, risk of climate

change, energy, biodiversity, mineral resources

The World is NOT Currently Achieving Sustainable Development

Nanotechnology may offer efficient manufacturing with less resources, less waste, better functioning products


From FY 2009 NSF priority research areas From FY 2009 NSF priority research areas (4)(4)

Societal dimensions of nanotechnology- Understanding and sustainable ENV, including research

for natural/ incidental/ manufactured nanomaterials Key nano- EHS priorities at NSF - New instrumentation for nanoparticle characterization and nanotoxicity - Transport phenomena and physico- chem.- biological processes - Nano-bio interface: ecological and human health implications - Predictive models for interaction of nanomat. with cells/living tissues - Separation of nanoparticles from fluids - Safety of manufacturing nanoparticles

- Earlier formal and informal education - Social issues and public engagement


NNI Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Budget

Expenditures on “primary purpose” EHS research have grown from $35M in FY 2005 to a requested $87.7M

million in FY 2010, cumulative total $351M

0102030405060708090

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

$ m

illi

on

s

Year

NNI / R&D ~ 1/2 of the world R&D MC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

$0

$10

$20

$30

$40

$50

$60

$70

FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY2010 R

Inve

stm

ent (

$M)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Per

cent

age

Environmental, Health, and Safety Formal and Informal Education

Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Percentage Societal Dimensions

Nanomanufacturing safety added in 2003

Focus on future nano generations

added in 2006

NSF Investment in Nanotechnology Implications

for Safety and SocietyNew CEIN

in 2006Focus on

nanosystems >2010

EPA 2003

NIEHS 2004

DOE, FDA 2005Other agencies enter


NSE program emphasis in FY 2010

Increased focus on complex, large nanosystems Three-dimensional measurements and simulations of domains of

engineering relevance with good time resolution Nanoelectronics, magnetics and photonics (~ $100M / yr) Converging science, engineering and technology from the nanoscale (in

manufacturing, information systems, medicine, environment) R&D themes on sustainable development (energy, water, food, climate) Expanded joint research program addressing societal implications of

nanotechnology: nano-EHS; nano-ELSI, partner with other agencies Earlier educational programs and teaching materials, including for K-12,

by remote access to NSF educational networks (NU, NISE, NNIN) Expand partnerships of academic researchers with industry, medical

facilities and states through GOALI, PFI and other programsMC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

Possible areas of increased NSF investment in 2010

Conceptual challenges: Theory for nanoscale phenomena; Nano-architecture and networking; Emerging behavior of nanostructures and nanosystems; Use of quantum in devices; Multi-scale self-assembling

Planning for NNI Signature Initiatives: nanoelectonics for 2020 and beyond, nanotechnology for regenerating human body, catalysts, nanomanufacturing for sustainable development

Nano-EHS (EPA-NSF-USDA solicitation; EU partner) “Fate, Transport and Behavior of Engineered Nanomaterials in Selected Environmental and Biological Matrices” (deadline Feb. 2, 2010)http://www.epa.gov/ncer/rfa/2010/2010_star_nano.html

Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education solicitationMC Roco, Dec. 7 2009

Evaluations

PCAST: 2005, 2008, (2011) Academies, NRC: 2002, 2005, 2008, (2011) OSTP, OMB, Congress - annually GAO: 2007, 2009 NSF

NSE COV: 2006NSECs: (2010)International calibration and ten years ahead, WTEC: (2010)Topical NSE meetings sponsored by NNI, NSF


Estimation of Annual Implications of Federal Investment in Nanotechnology R&D (2008)

* The corresponding R&D was about 10 times smaller in1998.

** Est. taxes 20%

$1.5B* federal R&D: NNI

~$1.9B industry R&D

$B industry operating cost

~$70B** Final Products

~140,000Jobs***

~$14B Taxes

~$1.9B ind. R&D

*** Est. $500,000/yr/job


FY 2009 NSF’s Grantees Meeting

• Reviews of selected NSE awards: NIRT, NSEC . . Keynotes, posters and panels to facilitate exchanges, partnerships, and research planning

• Overviews from the EPA, NIH and NIST Canada and Mexico

• Strengthen NSE trans-disciplinary community Prepare for increased complexity in research and knowledge integration


www.nsf.gov/nanoor link www.nano.gov

2009 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees … · Engineering Grantees Conference December...

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