Introduction Dr Susan Grant-Muller

The past year has been an extremely busy one forthe Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), especiallyin looking toward new future horizons following theexcellent outcome of the 2008 ResearchAssessment Exercise (RAE). A particular highlightof the year was the announcement in Novemberthat ITS was to receive a Queen’s Anniversary Prizefor Higher and Further Education. The Queen’sAnniversary Prizes form part of the nationalhonours system and are the UK’s most prestigiouseducational awards. The winners are honoured fortheir world-class achievement – for ITS therecognition was for ‘40 years sustained excellencein transport teaching and research’.

The Queen’s Anniversary Prize is a fitting tributeto all those who have contributed to ITS since itsorigins in the 1960s, particularly the alumni ofstaff and students. A number of the Institute’sformer Directors were invited to join the delegationto London for the prize giving ceremony, with oneof the most well known being Professor Tony May.Professor May retired from ITS in 2009, after morethan 30 years dedicated service. To reflect hisremarkable contribution to the Institute’s success,a scholarship appeal was launched with the alumnibody. In what is intended to become a long-standing tradition, the scholarship will give astudent from a developing country the chance tostudy at ITS and subsequently apply the skills andknowledge in a setting where the need is mostpressing.

ITS maintains two major research facilities - theUniversity of Leeds Driving Simulator (UoLDS) andthe Instrumented City (IC). UoLDS is the UK’s most sophisticated researchfacility of its type. It provides a safe and controlledenvironment facilitating research into driverbehaviour and transport safety. Established at acost of over £1m, its main features are:

• A Jaguar S-type vehicle cab. The completeJaguar interior provides a natural drivingenvironment with full controls and dashboardinstrumentation. The driver feels accuratecontrol loading at the steering wheel and pedals.An integrated sound system provides engine,transmission and environmental noise. A non-intrusive eye-tracker measures the drivers’ eye-movements, which can gauge driver fatigue,distraction and workload.• The Jaguar cab is housed in a 4m diameter

dome. The virtual road is projected in 3-Dinside the dome, creating a horizontal field ofview of 250°, plus a view through the rearmirror. LCD screens in the wing mirrorscomplete the eight-channel visual system. • An eight degrees of freedom motion system.This enhances the fidelity by providing realisticinertia forces to the driver during acceleration,steering and braking. Users also experience alife-like heave sensation, thus allowing thesimulation of a rough or bumpy road surface.Just five driving simulators currently existworldwide with equivalent or superior motioncharacteristics.

UoLDs offers the scope to undertake a wide varietyof research, including much that would not besafe, ethical or cost effective to do on real roads. Itis supported and operated by an expert team, whocan tailor virtual scenarios and experimental datacollection to the exact requirements of a particularinvestigation. UoLDS has been a key research toolfor a number of studies in 2009, such as thesafety implications of Advanced Driver AssistanceSystems and the use of road engineering measuresto reduce fatigue related accidents. For moreinformation please visit the UoLDS website(www.its.leeds.ac.uk/facilities/uolds) or contact theFacility Manager, Hamish Jamson,email:A.H.Jamson@its.leeds.ac.uk.

The IC is a suite of research facilities dedicated totransport and environment issues. It includes anextensive range of traffic, vehicle emission,meteorological, noise and air pollution monitoringinstrumentation. The complimentary facilitiesallow researchers to simultaneously study trafficflow and congestion – emission generation –dispersing air flows – atmospheric chemistry -noise and air pollution. The IC supportsmultidisciplinary research, bringing togetherresearchers from the disciplines of trafficengineering, dispersion modelling, atmosphericchemistry and noise. The facilities include portableequipment and semi-permanent installations,which collect synchronous data on traffic flows,route journey times, prevailing and in-street air-flows that disperse vehicle emissions, noise and airpollution. Long-term links with the Leicester andNottingham City Council Area Traffic Control (ATC)centres have also enabled the IC to amass aunique historic database of traffic flows,congestion and signal timings. Further details areavailable via Dr James Tate, email:j.e.tate@its.leeds.ac.uk).

Professor Malachy Carey joined ITS as ResearchProfessor of Dynamic Traffic Modelling. New

visiting appointments included John Wann,Professor of Psychology at Royal Holloway College,University of London; Visiting Professor ErikVerhoef from Free University Amsterdam andVisiting Lecturers Mervyn Hallworth and JeffTurner. Paul Cockerill was appointed to thetechnician team. Staff leaving this year included Professor Tony Maywho left at the end of July but will complete hisWCTRS term of office; Dr Nicolas Ibanez to take upa new post at the European Commission JointResearch Centre Institute for ProspectiveTechnological Studies in Seville; Dr David Carslawto join the Environmental Research Group at KingsCollege London and Dr Liliya Chernyavska to takeup a post in Seville. Dr Nick Marler retired andFrank Montgomery took semi-retirement. Supportstaff leaving included Nusrat Walid and Mary Huby.

Professor Peter Bonsall attended the TransportResearch Board (TRB) Annual Meeting and madetwo invited presentations (‘Particular problems tobe overcome when seeking data on sustainabletravel behaviour’ and ‘Surveys in the context ofsustainability and user adaptation’). Hismembership of the TRB committee onTelecommunication and Travel was reconfirmed.Prof. Bonsall also made an invited presentation toa TRB symposium in Washington D.C., on 2September, on ‘Equity Issues in TransportFinance’. Prof. Bonsall and Dr Greg Marsden wereinvited to present findings from their recent studyon ‘Influencing behaviour’ to a group of 40 seniorstaff at DfT. Prof Bonsall attended the IATBRconference in Jaipur in December where he co-chaired a workshop on ‘Sustainable TravelBehavior - The Role of Behavioral Research inFacilitating the Reduction of the Carbon Footprint’,and presented two papers: ‘Factors AffectingPeople’s Engagement with the Assessment of RoadCharges in an Experimental Setting’ and ‘Thevalue of simplicity: an investigation of travellers’response to simplified fare structures’.

Professor Oliver Carsten spoke about the potentialof Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) at theConference ‘The changing face of speedmanagement – policy, practice and enforcement’on 19 March. Prof. Carsten also gave an invitedlecture at the University of Minnesota on therelevance of European ISA research to the UnitedStates(http://mediasite.uvs.umn.edu/Mediasite/Viewer/?peid=ef094199520e4eacbec26ec199395021).Prof. Carsten presented a paper on the‘Preparation of Field Operational Tests’ at theHuman Factors and Ergonomics Society EuropeChapter meeting in October. Daz Hibberd

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(supervisors - Dr Samantha Jamson, Prof. Carsten)presented a ‘talking poster’ on his PhDexperiments at the Human Factors andErgonomics Society Europe Chapter meeting andat the 22nd ICTCT Workshop in Leeds on the 22-23 October. Prof. Carsten gave an invited addressto the 2009 ISA Conference, held in Sydney on 10November. This conference was an associatedevent to the annual Australasian Road SafetyResearch, Policing and Education Conference. Thetitle of Prof. Carsten’s talk was ‘What are theobstacles to wide-scale and effective deploymentof Intelligent Speed Adaptation?’. Subsequently hewas interviewed by ABC television about thebenefits that ISA can deliver.

Dr Haibo Chen hosted a visit by Dr Kairan Zhang,College of Traffic and Transportation, SouthwestJiaotong University, China. Dr Zhang's researchinterests cover both transportation safety andenvironment. He intends to review and analyse therecent advances in both areas for developed anddeveloping countries.

Stephen Clark was promoted to Principal Officerworking on special projects and transportinitiatives at Leeds City Council. This work will beheavily orientated towards the use of transportmodels to evaluate the effectiveness of transportstrategies in Leeds and the wider region.

Professor Joyce Dargay gave a seminar on ‘LongDistance Travel’ at the Technical University ofDenmark in September and a presentation on‘Longer Distance Coach, Rail, Air and Car Travel inGB’ for the Thought Leadership programme, at theLondon Transport Museum in October.

Professor Gerard de Jong started as GuestResearcher at the Centre for Transport Studies ofVTI/KTH in Stockholm and worked as GuestResearcher at the Università degli Studi di RomaTre. Prof. de Jong continued as Director of theAssociation for European Transport - and memberof the Editorial Advisory Board of TransportationResearch ‘A’ (Policy), the Journal of ChoiceModelling, Transportation and TijdschriftVervoerswetenschap. In 2009 he was a member ofthe peer group for EU-DGTREN on regulation oflong and heavy vehicles and gave invited lecturesat the University of Amsterdam, Delft University ofTechnology, ETH Zurich, University of Roma Treand at Post-Academic courses. He did a keynotepresentation on developments in choice modellingat the PLATOS conference in Utrecht and aMasterclass presentation on value of time andreliability at Delft University of Technology. Prof. deJong also acted as member of PhD Committees atDelft and ETH Zurich. He was chairman of twoplenary sessions at the European TransportConference 2009 and also gave two presentations(one on freight transport modelling and one onuncertainty margins in traffic forecasts) at ETC. Healso gave presentations at ICMC 2009 in Harrogateand at the BIVEC Research Day in Brussels (bothon the impacts of abolishing car purchase taxes oncar ownership) and another at BIVEC/Beneluxseminar in Brussels (on cross-border mobility).

Dr Tony Fowkes was interviewed for Radio Leeds inJuly, following National Express’ announcement oftheir default on East Coast Main Line franchisepayments. Dr Fowkes made an invited presentationon Adaptive Stated Preference methods at theEuropean Transport Conference (ETC) in theNetherlands in October. Dr Fowkes was invited bythe Department of Transport and RegionalEconomics at the University of Antwerp tocontribute a chapter to a book on AppliedTransport Economics in celebration of Prof. GustBlauwens.

Dr Paul Goodman gave a presentation at theLondon Transport Museum on 6 May, entitled the‘Environmental Assessment of New VehicleTechnologies’ as part of the ‘Transport in Cities’conference organised under the SUE FUTURESproject. The presentation covered results of a 5-year collaboration between ITS and the Energy andResources Research Institute (ERRI) and theUniversity of Newcastle.

Dr Susan Grant-Muller was invited to participate inthe International Road Federation (IRF) policycommittee on Intelligent Transport and nominatedto lead a sub-committee on research needs andcapacity building. The policy committee comprises19 representatives from 11 countries. The broaderagenda for the committee covers policy objectives,financing infrastructure, legal frameworks, strategydevelopment and benchmarking. Dr Grant-Mulleralso gave a presentation on the issues to IRFcommittee members and a wider group ofinterested parties in Stockholm on 23 September.Dr Grant-Muller acted as a member of the steeringgroup for the new EPSRC funded Doctoral TrainingCentre in energy at the University of Leeds:Technologies for a Low Carbon Future. The DTCbrings together a cohort of postgraduate researchstudents and their supervisors to developinnovative technologies for a low carbon futurebased around key interlinking themes: Low CarbonEnabling Technologies, Transport & Energy, CarbonStorage, Climate Change & Energy SystemsResearch. The DTC welcomed its first cohort ofstudents in October 2009.

Dr Astrid Gühnemann was a session chair andpresented at the 8th Conference on AppliedInfrastructure Research on 9-10 October, 2009,Berlin. The paper was entitled Gühnemann, A,Koh, A, Kimble, M, Chernyavs'ka, L, Shepherd, S.(2009) Implications of Interdependencies betweenCharging Strategies of Local Authorities for theProtection of Sensitive Ares in the Trans-PennineCorridor. Dr Gühnemann was also appointed by theGerman Councils of Science and Humanitiesas member of the group of evaluators for theevaluation of the German Federal HighwayResearch Institute (BASt).

Dr Stephane Hess organised the inauguralInternational Choice Modelling Conference (ICMC)in Harrogate, UK, from 30 March to 1 April. Thishighly successful event confirmed the Institute’srole as one of the leading groups in the field ofchoice modelling. The conference brought together

leading researchers and practitioners from acrossthe many different areas in which choice modellingis a key technique for understanding behaviour andevaluating policy. Presentations looked both atstate-of-the-art methodology as well as innovativereal-world applications of choice models. Thehighlight of the conference was a presentation byProfessor Daniel McFadden from the University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, Nobel Prize laureate inEconomics and chief architect of random utilitymodelling. Many other leading names in the fieldparticipated in the conference, including ProfessorMoshe Ben-Akiva, Professor David Hensher, andProfessor Chandra Bhat. The papers can bedownloaded from the conference website:www.icmconference.org.uk. Dr Hess edited a bookthat contains a selection of the best papers fromthe conference, published by Emerald. Plans arealso underway for a follow-up conference in 2011,with the aim of making this a regular event.

Frances Hodgson presented her work on networks,capitals and walking to the Transport and Societyworkshop on ‘Mobilities: New perspectives onTransport and Society’, Lancaster University, on 8September. Frances Hodgson was also invited tolead a workshop by the University of Leeds AfricaCollege on ‘Food, transport and packaging’. Theworkshop focus was on opportunities for innovationand knowledge transfer in the agriculture valuechain through food processing, packaging andtransport innovation and the impact of theseinnovations on the everyday lives of small farmers’(particularly women). This workshop broughttogether multi-disciplinary perspectives drawing oncrop science, food science and processing, socialscience, transport and packaging across theacademic, public and business sectors. Francespresented on ‘Everyday lives, communityenterprise and access to markets: mapping theknowledge’. An accompanying workshop in Africais planned for March 2010.

Hamish Jamson attended the Fourth MotionCueing Workshop, hosted by the TechnicalUniversity of Delft in the Netherlands. In June,Hamish Jamson and Natasha Merat presented theFifth International Driving Symposium on HumanFactors in Driver Assessment, Training and VehicleDesign, in Montana, USA.

Dr Samantha Jamson was the local organiser forthe 22nd ICTCT conference hosted by ITS inOctober, incorporating a 2-day Young ResearcherCourse and a 2-day workshop dedicated to the‘Stubborn Issues in Road Safety’. The course wasattended by 8 participants and includedinteractive sessions devoted to pedestrian safetyand intelligent transport systems. The workshop,held at the Leeds City Museum, was opened byProfessor Andrew Thompson (PVC for Research)and Deirdre O'Reilly (Road User Division, DfT),with 20 speakers and 60 participants. The keynotespeakers, Ezra Hauer (University of Toronto) andTorsten Geissler (University of Cologne) debated ‘IsCost Benefit Analysis Worthwhile in Traffic SafetyPlanning?’.

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Andrew Koh was invited by Professor Enders Ozcanto Nottingham University to give a talk on hisresearch in evolutionary optimization andheuristics. After presenting to the AutomatedScheduling, Optimisation and Planning researchgroup he was interviewed for a case study forsolving large scale optimization problems occurringin transportation systems modelling. TheCURACAO research project (see below), for whichAndrew was a co-investigator, was mentioned inthe European Action Plan on Urban Mobilityadopted by the European Commission.

Dr Ronghui Liu was invited to give a seminar at theInstitute for Transport, Technical University ofDenmark (DTU) and was a PhD external examinerat the DTU Management School. Dr Liu wasAssociated Editor for IEEE Transaction on ITS andGuest Editor, with Rosaldo Rossetti, of a specialissue in Artificial Transportation Systems andSimulation. She was a member of InternationalPublication Committee for the InternationalConference on Applied Simulation and Modellingand Co-organiser of the Thematic Track onArtificial Intelligence for the EPIA 2009Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

Professor Peter Mackie attended the InternationalTransport Forum conference in Leipzig in May andpresented a paper, jointly with Robert Cochrane ofImperial College, London, on the implications ofthe economic crisis for strategic transport projects.Prof. Mackie was a member of the HS2 AnalyticalChallenge Group responsible for advising the HS2company on the economic appraisal of theLondon- Birmingham High Speed Line. He alsotook up his position as Director of the Short TermAnalysis programme of the UK Transport ResearchCentre, responsible for securing research contractsand consultancy with the Department for Transportfor the academic transport research community.

Professor Mike Maher travelled to Spain in Marchto give an invited seminar at the School ofTransport, University of Castilla-La Mancha. Whilstthere, Prof. Maher also sat on the panel (as theforeign academic) for a PhD viva. Also in March,Prof. Maher recorded a podcast on his work intransport modelling for the Institute ofMathematics and its Applications (IMA) ‘Travels ina Mathematical World’ series:www.travelsinamathematicalworld.co.uk/

Dr Greg Marsden presented the following papers atthe Transportation Research Board ConferenceWashington D.C. ‘Congestion Pricing: Do We Needa New Approach to Parking Policy? Lessons fromEurope’, Marsden, G. (2009), ‘The role ofinformation exchange and performancemanagement in cross-sectoral policy making:Lessons from the UK’, Marsden, G. (2009), ‘BetterInformed, Better Behaved? A case study of publicattitudes to climate change and transport fromEngland’, Marsden G., Harwatt, H., Kimble, M.and Jopson, A. (2009), ‘Using DeliberativeMethods to Understand Travel Choices in thecontext of Climate Change’, Marsden, G. and King,S. (2009). Dr Marsden has also been invited to

join the Panel of Assessors for the new TransportPlanning Professional qualification provided by theInstitution of Highways and Transportation and theTransport Planning Society. Dr Marsden and Prof.May also collaborated with Professor Betty Deakinand Karen Trapenberg Frick in studying theprocesses of policy transfer for the Volvo Researchand Educational Foundations.

Bryan Matthews, together with Sarah Woodin ofthe Centre for Disability Studies, were invited topresent at the Office for Disability Issues (ODI)‘Evidence Day’ in London on 19 November. TheODI is a cross-departmental government unit andthe Evidence Day was designed to disseminatedisability related research to policy officials from arange of government departments. Bryan andSarah presented their recent work on choice andcontrol for disabled people and on disabledpeople’s access to transport, housing, the builtenvironment and information and communicationtechnology. Bryan also took up his position on theUniversities’ Transport Studies Group (UTSG)Executive Committee and the organisingcommittee for the 2010 UTSG annual conference.

Professor Tony May and Dr Greg Marsden spoke ata WCTRS Special Interest Group meeting on policytransfer among cities in Gothenburg in April. Prof.May also presented a paper on financing urbantransport policy, and their study on policy transfer,to the Volvo Future Urban Transport conference.He also presented the CityMobil project at thePRT@LHR conference, held to mark theintroduction of personal rapid transit to Heathrowairport. Prof. Tony May spoke at the TRL Academyon improving the design of urban transportstrategies, and also at the Lyon Truck and BusForum about public sector business models forurban transport. Prof. May gave a keynote addressat a conference in Beijing on Green UrbanTransport, organised by Tsinghua University andthe Singapore Land Transport Authority on 2-3September and in October, Prof. May attendedthe European Transport Conference at theinvitation of AET to lead a review on the futuredevelopment of the conference. He gave an invitedpresentation on urban transport policy and climatechange at the INTERREG climate changeconference in Rotterdam on 8 October and laterthat month he accepted an invitation from theCIVITAS Forum in Krakow to provide a summary ofthe 16 parallel sessions on the achievements andfuture development of the CIVITAS programme.Prof. May gave a keynote paper at the opening of anew Urban Policy Unit for a Low Carbon Society inthe University of Kyoto.

Dr Natasha Merat attended the DfT behaviouralseminar and presented the results of a recentproject funded by the Highways Agency, whichused the University of Leeds Driving Simulator toassess the effect of three engineering measures onreducing driver fatigue. Dr Merat chaired a sessionon Surface Transportation at the 2009 HumanFactors and Ergonomics Society Europe Chaptermeeting (HFES EC) in Linkoping, where Dr Meratand Dr Yvonne Barnard also presented some

preliminary results from the EPSRC-funded EASYproject. On 24 November, Dr Merat gave an invitedtalk to the RoSPA advanced drivers and ridersgroup about the ITS Safety Group, its facilities andcurrent projects.

David Milne wrote an invited article for theYorkshire Post to suggest measures the next UKgovernment should consider to improve theregion's transport, which was published on 6January.

Helen Muir and other ITS colleagues hostedMichael McDonnell, Director of Road SafetyScotland and Jill Mulholland, the Road SafetyTeam Leader from the Scottish GovernmentTransport Directorate, on a visit to ITS on 5 August.

Professor Chris Nash spent February as visitingprofessor at the University of Gran Canaria, wherehe gave a short course on European TransportPolicy and a seminar on British experience of theprivatisation of public transport, and two weeks inOctober visiting the Eurasian National University ofKazakhstan. He gave a short course in welfareeconomics to doctoral and Masters students, and aseminar on rail policy to senior staff of the staterailway and the Ministry of Transport. He served asSpecialist Advisor to the European Union SelectCommittee of the House of Lords for itsinvestigation into the recast of the First RailwayPackage, which reported in June. He spoke on railregulation at the Workshop on Transport EconomicRegulation on 24 April 2009 at the EuropeanUniversity Institute, Florence, on policyinstruments for reducing greenhouse gasemissions from transport at Symposium on Energyand CO2 Emissions Policies, 18-19 August atSandbjerg (University of Aarhus), and on Strategyand Economics at a Summer School on RailwayTransport and Technologies in Genoa on 31August. Prof. Nash gave a presentation onEuropean Transport Policy to a group of EuropeanMembers of Parliament plus staff of theCommission and of the rail industry in theEuropean Parliament building in Brussels on 1October. During November, he spoke on railscarcity charges at a symposium on transportinfrastructure capacity at the University of Venice,on passenger rail franchising at a seminarorganised by the University of Barcelona and onhigh speed rail at the International TransportForum symposium on transport economics inMadrid.

Matthew Page’s comments about UK pedestriancrossing times were quoted on the BBC newswebsite in March. He also contributed to adiscussion programme on ‘street life’ on BBCRadio Scotland and was interviewed on RadioLeeds in October about cycle lanes and the recentevidence suggesting that car drivers give cyclistsless room if they are in a cycle lane. Matthewattended the 6th Cycling and Society ResearchSymposium in Bolton on 7-8 September, giving apaper entitled ‘Making Decisions about Cycling –Issues in Appraisal’ and chairing one of thesessions. Matthew also wrote a comment piece for

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the December edition of ‘TransportationProfessional’ - the magazine of IHT, on whetherclimate change was being taken seriously enoughby transport professionals. For his poster on theDISTILLATE research programme, Matthew wonthe prize for the most interesting display of thoughtprovoking research at the TRL AcademySymposium.

Dr Andrew Smith and Phill Wheat were appointedas Visiting Research Fellows at the Centre forTransport Studies (CTS)/Swedish National Roadand Transport Research Institute (VTI). Duringtheir visits they will collaborate with CTS/VTIresearchers on a number of topics, such asestimation of marginal costs for rail operations andinfrastructure, efficiency analysis and franchisingpolicy and impacts. Dr Smith has also beeninvolved in advising the London UndergroundOffice of the PPP Arbiter on efficiency and widerregulatory issues.

Dr James Tate accepted the invitation to become amember of the West Yorkshire Transport EmissionGroup. Dr Tate presented at the Air QualityConference 2009 in Istanbul in March 2009. DrTate is a Technical Advisor and partner on theLeeds City Region Low Emission Strategy Project -which is tasked with accelerating the uptake of lowemission fuels and technologies to mitigate airpollution and carbon dioxide emissions associatedwith the road transport.

Dr Miles Tight gave the keynote address at theannual UK conference of Malaysia’s TerengganuUniversity (UMT) and its UK student department(MSD). Delivered in partnership with ITS andLeeds University Malaysian Society, the eventbrought together Malaysian students from acrossthe UK. In addition to Dr Tight’s talk on transportand climate change, delegates heard a number ofresearch student presentations, from across arange of disciplines. Dr Tight presented a paper on‘the potential for walking and cycling to providesustainable urban transport systems of the future’at a conference on ‘Transforming the EnergyFuture: Pathways to Change’ organised by theUniversity of Exeter in June as part of Falmouth’sEnergy Week. The following month he gave apresentation at a seminar held at the Centre forAnalysis of Risk and Regulation, London School ofEconomics on ‘Are there alternative less riskyfutures than continued dependence on the car?’.Also in July, Dr Tight provided advice to DfT andDepartment of Health on active travel at a seminarin London. Dr Tight gave presentations on ‘Visionsfor the role of walking and cycling in 2030’ at theRoyal Geographical Society Institute of BritishGeographers conference in Manchester in August,at the Walk21 Conference in New York in Octoberand a related presentation at the InternationalSymposium on Cycling Towards a Sustainable Cityin Korea in September. Dr Tight has beenappointed to the Editorial Panel of the journalEngineering Sustainability and as Externalexaminer for the transport Masters programmes atLoughborough University. Dr Paul Timms made a keynote presentation at the

1st MRSI International Conference ’MekongDevelopment in Transition: Challenges andProspect’, in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 28 July2009. Entitled ‘Cities in Mekong Region:Liveability and Sustainability’, the paper and widerproceedings are available at:www.ubu.ac.th/~mrsi/documents/mrsi_1st_InternationalConference.pdf

Professor Mark Wardman presented two papers atthe IATBR Conference in Jaipur in December, twopapers at the annual Transportation ResearchBoard conference in Washington in January andone paper at the inaugural International ChoiceModelling Conference in Harrogate in March. Healso served as an external reviewer of the Centre forTransport Studies at Stockholm University inDecember.

Dr Tony Whiteing presented the ‘Laurie Englishlecture’ to the CILT(UK) local group on 10February on the theme of ‘Freight, Logistics andthe Yorkshire and Humber regional economy’. On24 July, Dr Whiteing presented a seminar on GreenLogistics to staff at DfT, at the invitation of theChief Scientific Adviser. Dr Whiteing facilitated theLogistics Research Network Doctoral StudentWorkshop at Cardiff University on 9 September. Healso presented a Briefing Note on SustainableFreight Transport and Logistics to the TransportWorking Group of the EU Parliament in Brussels on2 December.

Academic visitors during 2009 included DrMaosheng Li, College of Traffic Engineering andTransport Planning, Changsha, China; Dr KairanZhang, Southwest Jiaotong University, China; DrJiang Qian Ying, Gifu University, Japan; MsKatharina Parry, Massey University, New Zealand.

Three PhDs were awarded in 2009: Anna Clark,‘Optimal Congestion Pricing Schemes includingHeterogeneous Users and Departure Time Choice’;Daniel McGehee, ‘Perception and Biodynamics inPre-crash Driver Response: A Design TheoreticRooted in Nature’; Rico Merkert, ‘The Organisationof European Railways: A Transaction CostPerspective’.

In addition to those awarded research degrees in2009, the research students registered and theirrespective topics were: John Armstrong,‘Incorporating Human Learning Into Route-ChoiceModels And Investigating The Effects’; EricaBallantyne, ‘How Is Urban Freight LogisticsAffected By Transport Demand ManagementMeasures And Policies?’; Zahara Batool, ‘AberrantDriving Behaviour And Attitude Towards RoadSafety In Pakistan’; Ofelia Betancor, ‘Pricing

Externalities In Air Transport Markets: A CaseStudy Of Madrid Barjas Airport’; Anzir Boodoo,‘Walking As An Integral Part Of SustainableTransport Policy’; Simon Brown, ‘CustomerOptimised Integrated Asset Management’;Kaushali Dave, ‘Preference Elicitation AndPreference Uncertainty: An Application To NoiseValuation’; Jonathan Exon, ‘Evaluating TheEffectiveness Of The Driver Improvement SchemeIn Scotland’; James Fox, ‘Temporal TransferabilityOf Mode-Destination Models’; Faisal Habib,‘Traveller Choice Of Information Sources’; DarylHibberd, ‘In-Vehicle Systems - Developing AMultiple Warnings Strategy’; Nurul Hidayati,‘Modelling The Effects Of The Physical Facilities'School Safety Zones' On Passenger Car EquivalentValues On Urban Roads’; Hamish Jamson, ‘TheEffects Of Varying Characteristics Of DrivingSimulator Design On Their Validity As ResearchTools’; Sabariah Jemali, ‘Decision Making ProcessFor LRT Schemes In Malaysia’; Calvin Jephcote,‘The Health Effects Of Urban Air Pollution DerivedPredominantly From Traffic Using GIS’; AndrewKoh, ‘Particle Swarm Optimisation For TransportPlanning’; Ben Kolosz, ‘Measuring Performance,Standardisation and Control for IntelligentTransport Systems’; Georgios Kountouriotis,‘Vision, Attention And Steering’; Anthony Magee,‘Modelling Passenger Demand For Rail Services’;Mojtaba Moharrer, ‘Studying Driver BehaviourAcross Countries And The Effect On Safety’; HelenMuir, ‘The Influence Of Area And PersonDeprivation On Pedestrian Casualties’; Said Munir,‘An Investigation Into New Trends In Air PollutantConcentration (Particularly Ozone And NitrogenOxides)’; John Nellthorp, ‘Transport Investment,Pricing And Use Of Resources’; Rahman Pilvar,‘Development Of A Modelling Framework ForOptimising The Interaction Between PlannedStreet Works And The Performance Of TransportNetworks’; Shafiq-Ur M Rahman, ‘Improved PublicBus Transport In Dhaka City’; Martin Rivas Perez,‘The Dynamics Of Access: A Study Of SocialInclusion, Job Opportunities, Travel Mobilities AndDeveloping The Gateshead Metro Centre’; DohKyoum Shin, ‘Bicyclists, Can We Know More AboutThem With GPS?’; Janos Szabo, ‘Extreme ValueTheory And Air Pollution’; Evona Teh, ‘DriverDistraction, Vehicle Automation, Human MachineInterface’; Nikolaos Thomopoulos, ‘IncorporatingRegional Equity Concerns In Appraisal Of LargeTransport Infrastructure Projects’; AndrewTomlinson, ‘Inferring Personal Movement PatternsUsing Locational Data Captured From MobileDevices For Transportation Data Collection’; PhillipWheat, ‘Application (And Development Of) CostModelling And Efficiency Methods To TransportProblems’; Zhitao Xiong, ‘Development Of UoLDSWith Intelligent Traffic Environment’; Noor ZaitunYahaya, ‘Temporal And Spatial Variations Of Ultra-Fine Particles In The Urban Environment’.

The following international and nationalconferences were attended by ITS staff membersin 2009:

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1st MRSI International Conference, 'MekongDevelopment in Transition: Challenges &Prospects’: attended by Paul Timms.4th Kuhmo-Nectar Conference on Transport andUrban Economics: attended by Simon Shepherd.4th Workshop of Discreet Choice Modelling:attended by Nicolas Ibanez.5th International Driving Symposium on HumanFactors in Driver Assessment, Training & VehicleDesign: attended by Hamish Jamson and NatashaMerat.6th Cycling & Society Research Symposium:attended by Matthew Page.8th Conference on Applied InfrastructureResearch: attended by Astrid Gühnemann.11th International Conference Series onCompetition and Ownership in Land PassengerTransport (The Thredbo Series): attended by ChrisNash.ASSET Final Conference: attended by AstridGühnemann and Andrew Koh.Australasian Road Safety Conference: attended byOliver Carsten.BIVEC/ Benelux Interuniversitaire Vereniging vanTransport Economisten: attended by Gerard deJong.Conference on Traffic Modelling, OU MiltonKeynes: attended by Haibo Chen and DavidWatling.CRC 19th Vehicle Emission Workshop: attended byKarl Ropkins.DADDY international workshop on Day-to-daydynamics for transportation network analysis:attended by David Watling.European Transport Conference: attended by PedroAbrantes, Richard Batley, Phani KumarChintakayala, Richard Connors, Gerard de Jong,Tony Fowkes, Dan Johnson, James Laird, TonyMay, Rico Merkert, Shujie Shen, Jeremy Shiresand David Watling.Green Urban Transport: attended by Tony May.Human Factors and Ergonomics Society EuropeChapter Conference: attended by Yvonne Barnard,Oliver Carsten and Natasha Merat.International Association for Travel BehaviourResearch: attended by Peter Bonsall and MarkWardman.International Co-operation Theories and Conceptsin Traffic Safety: attended by Yvonne Barnard,Oliver Carsten, Kathryn Chorlton, Gerard de Jong,Samantha Jamson and Frank Lai.International Air Quality Conference: attended byJames Tate.International Choice Modelling: attended byRichard Batley, Peter Bonsall, Phani KumarChintakayala, Gerard de Jong, Tony Fowkes,Stephane Hess, Dan Johnson, James Laird, BillLythgoe, Jeremy Shires Jeremy Toner and MarkWardman.International Conference on Models andTechnologies for ITS: attended by Dong Ngoduy.International Symposium on Cycling Towards aSustainable City: attended by Miles Tight.International Symposium on Transportation &Traffic Theory: attended by David Watling.International Transport Forum: attended by PeterMackie and Chris Nash.INTERREG Climate Change Conference: attended

by Tony May.Institute for Public Policy Research: attended byHelen Harwatt.Intelligent Transport Systems and Services:attended by Yvonne Barnard, Oliver Carsten andSamantha Jamson.Low Emission Strategies Advisory Seminar:attended by Karl Ropkins.Malaysia's Terengganu University AnnualConference, Leeds: attended by Miles Tight andMark Wardman.PRT @ LHR conference. (Personal Rapid Transportat London Heathrow): attended by Paul Firmin andTony May.Planning and Transport, Research andComputation 7th Practitioners Meeting: attendedby Greg Marsden.Royal Geographical Society Institute of BritishGeographers Conference: attended by Miles Tight.Scottish Transport Applications and ResearchConference: attended by James Laird.Symposium on Energy and CO2 EmissionsPolicies: attended by Chris Nash.Symposium on Transport Infrastructure Capacity:attended by Chris Nash.Transforming the Energy Future: Pathways toChange: attended by Miles Tight.Transport Economic Regulation: attended by ChrisNash.Transportation Research Board, Washington:attended by Chandra Balijepalli, Peter Bonsall,Stephane Hess, Greg Marsden, Dong Ngoduy andMark Wardman.UK Chapter System Dynamics Conference:attended by Simon Shepherd.Universities’ Transport Studies Group: attended byRichard Batley, Richard Connors, Mike Maher andShujie Shen.Walk 21 Conference: attended by Miles Tight.World Conference on Transportation ResearchSIG10 Workshop: attended by Greg Marsden andTony May.

SAFETY

EASYGrant Holder(s): OMJ CarstenInvestigator(s): AH Jamson, A Horrobin, N Merat,F Lai, Y Barnard, R AucklandFunded by: Engineering and Physical SciencesResearch Council (EPSRC)Dates: January 2007 - April 2010Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractThis project is examining how some of the newAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems, which areplanned by car manufacturers, will affect safety.Currently the most advanced assistance system onthe market is Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) whichautomates the task of car following. ACC isparticularly designed for motorways, but can alsobe used on rural and even urban roads. It hasdeliberate limitations, in that it cannot deal withsituations requiring severe braking and that theACC radar cannot detect stationary objects. The

car manufacturers plan to extend the capability ofACC so that it can handle most forward situations.They also plan to provide lane keeping systemswhich will automate lateral control of a vehicle (i.e.steering), once again particularly for motorwaydriving. The combination of longitudinal andlateral control will provide a situation in which alarge part of the driving task is automated. As aconsequence, there is a risk that drivers will nolonger feel a need to pay attention to the road andtraffic environment, and therefore may not beaware of impending risk. They may also lose trackof when manual control has been resumed, e.g. onexiting from the motorway, and therefore be slowerin responding when required to brake or steer. Thisproject is conducting a systematic evaluation ofdriver’s performance and safety awareness as theyexperience increasingly greater automation of thedriving task. The major tool for this work is the newdriving simulator at the University of Leeds, whichhas a complex motion base to provide gravitationalfeel to the drivers. The initial set of experimentswill be designed to identify any safety relatedproblems that result from driving in a semi-automated vehicle. A wide range of drivers will beused, with the major factors in their selectionbeing age, gender and trust in automation. Havingidentified the problems, a second set ofexperiments will focus on solutions to thoseproblems, i.e. on ways in which driver alertnessand awareness can be enhanced. The results areintended to provide guidance to thosegovernmental organisations planning to use newdriver assistance systems to increase road capacityand safety. They are also intended to lead to betterdesign of new products by the vehiclemanufacturers.

Assessing post-court disposal coursesGrant Holder(s): K ChorltonInvestigator(s): E Wincup, M ConnerFunded by: UK Department for Transport (DfT)Dates: October 2008 - June 2009Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractThe Road Safety Act 2006 makes legal provisionfor four post-court disposal courses for serioustraffic offences (speeding, careless andinconsiderate driving, ignoring traffic signs andusing a special road contrary to scheme orregulation). The course would be offered to thosewith 7-11 endorsement points at the time ofconviction, and those disqualified from driving forat least one year. This research explored theperson characteristics of likely course attendeesthrough qualitative interviews with previousoffenders, magistrates and police officers. Resultsindicated that very few offenders going through thecourts would meet the course eligibility criteria andmany of the offenders will refuse the offer due topreference for alternative penalties. The smallnumber of magistrates and police officersinterviewed suggested widening the criteria andmaking post-court attendance part of analternative for all driving offenders who have a setof attitudes which encourage speeding and riskydriving.

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RESEARCH PROJECTS

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EuroFOTGrant Holder(s): O CarstenInvestigator(s): S Jamson, F Lai, K ChorltonFunded by: European Commission (EC)Dates: May 2008 - August 2011Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractThe EuroFOT project aims to demonstrate theeffectiveness and encourage the deployment ofIntelligent Vehicle Systems on European roads.Extensive Field Operational Tests (FOTs) can beused to validate the effectiveness of these systemsand functions for a safer, cleaner and moreefficient transport in a real environment. The aimsof the project are to analyse driver behaviour andacceptability, to analyse and assess the impact ofthese functions using real data and to improveawareness about the potential of intelligenttransport systems and create socio economicacceptance. A key concept of EuroFOT is that thesystems will be used by drivers in their ownvehicles. EuroFOT is testing systems that arealready in the market or sufficiently mature torepresent a commercial application, such as lanedeparture warning and forward collision warning.The ITS contribution is particularly onexperimental design and the specification ofquestionnaires.

FOT-NETGrant Holder(s): O CarstenInvestigator(s): Y Barnard, S Jamson, F Lai, KChorltonFunded by: EC via ERTICODates: June 2008 - August 2010Research Group: SAFETY

Abstract The FOT-Net project aims to gather European andinternational stakeholders in a strategic networkingplatform to present results of Field OperationalTests (FOTs), identify and discuss common workingitems and promote a common approach for FOTs inthe form of the FESTA methodology. FOT-Net is aSpecific Support Action funded by the EuropeanCommission DG Information Society and Mediaunder the Seventh Framework Programme. TheITS role is particularly oriented at conductingseminars on FOT evaluation issues.

ITERATE – IT for Error Remediation And TrappingEmergenciesGrant Holder(s): F LaiFunded by: ECDates: 2008 - 2011Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractThe objective of ITERATE is to develop andvalidate a unified model of driver behaviour anddriver interaction with innovative technologies inemergency situations. This model will beapplicable to and validated for all the surfacetransport modes including cars, trains, and ships.Drivers’ age, gender, experience, and personalitytraits are factors that will be considered togetherwith influences from the environment and the

vehicle. Culture differences across borders will alsobe investigated. The ITERATE model can be usedto improve design and safety assessment ofinnovative technologies and make it possible toadapt these technologies to the abilities, needs,driving style and capacity of the individual driver.This provides a useful tool for systemmanufacturers as well as authorities to assessIntelligent Transport Systems.

Lancashire ISAGrant Holder(s): F LaiFunded by: DfTDates: 2009 - 2011Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractThis project deploys innovative but low-cost in-vehicle speed management systems for Lancashiredrivers in the UK. The equipment involves anenhancement to standard satellite navigationsystems to provide warnings, visually and aurally,when drivers are speeding and when they areapproaching historical accident spots. The systemis turned on upon ignition and cannot beoverridden by the driver. Data are logged at 1 Hzand transmitted back to the data server throughthe GSM network. The system has been installedin 550 vehicles for a 9-month field trial. A widerange of drivers participate in this FOT, includingnewly qualified drivers, generic private motorists,taxi drivers, bus drivers, and fleet drivers.

BRIDGEGrant Holder(s): Y BarnardFunded by: EPSRCDates: May 2009 - December 2010Research Group: SAFETY

AbstractBRIDGE - Building Relationships with the‘Invisible’ in the Digital (Global) Economy – is anEPSRC funded project, originating from aResearch Council ‘sandpit’ within the DigitalEconomy programme. The project is acollaboration between the Business School fromthe University of Edinburgh, the Product Design &Engineering Department of Middlesex Universityand ITS. BRIDGE addresses the problem of how tomeet the needs of consumers who are new to thedigital economy and thus invisible to companiesand designers. It aims to better understand theneeds of digitally excluded people as well as tosearch for common requirements across the globeto define new segments large enough to beeconomically feasible, reducing both social andeconomic barriers to inclusion. The project aims todevelop a bridge between two points of view: thatof the invisible non-user and that of the supplierand developer of digital products and services.BRIDGE explores the needs and mental models ofpotential users, using these to develop designguidelines relating user needs to behaviouralcharacteristics observed through modellingdemand within global markets. In BRIDGE anapproach is developed to bring together qualitativemethods to get a deep understanding of the needsof potential users, and quantitative methods to

identify partially excluded groups within consumerrecords of large suppliers active within the globaldigital economy. One of the areas in which ITSperforms research is the acceptance of advanceddriver support systems by elderly users.

NETWORK MODELLING

Cycle Towns StudyGrant Holder(s): M MaherFunded by: DfTDates: March 2009 - September 2009Research Group: NETWORK MODELLING

AbstractThe project aimed to develop and deliver anevaluation of cycling investment within the 12 newCycling Cities and Towns (CCTs) in England whichhave been selected to receive significantlyincreased funding for cycle measures. The CCTshave adopted ‘hard’ measures (e.g. route, parkingand signage improvements) and ‘soft’ measures(e.g. training, marketing, information andpersonalised travel planning). The objective is to provide robust evidence aboutthe ‘whole town’ programme wide impacts of allCCTs in terms of cycling and travel behaviourchange, physical activity and wider impacts and, inaddition, to identify if there has been a change incycling and other behaviour and how far anychange might be attributed to the investmentmade. This project was to conduct a baselinesurvey to provide a robust measure of currentphysical activity, cycling and travel behaviour ineach CCT. Future, repeat surveys followinginterventions in each town will identify anychanges in behaviour and how far these can beattributed to the programme.

MARS – DISTILLATE Future developmentsGrant Holder(s): S ShepherdInvestigator(s): C Balijepalli, A KohFunded by: DfTDates: March 2009 - November 2009Research Group: NETWORK MODELLINGCollaborating Partners: Austrian Energy AgencyURL: www.its.leeds.ac.uk/projects/mars_distillate

AbstractThe Department for Transport in the UK conducteda review of its appraisal process (NATA) during2007/8 and concluded that there was a need toreduce the effort required in modelling andappraisal of strategies in the early stage of policydesign. They suggested that one approach may beto conduct a staged appraisal with an initialfiltering of options based on easily availablequalitative and quantitative information. Thiscould be in the form of an MCA and that theindicators should be in line with their parallelguidelines on Delivering a SustainableTransportation System (DaSTS). This researchproject was funded to address these issues byenhancing the strategic model MARS which is afast running LUTI model capable of simulatingpolicy over an urban region in less than oneminute. Three enhancements were made (i) anautomated link has been developed between the

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traffic assignment model SATURN and MARSwhich means the MARS speed-flow relationshipsare now compatible with existing network modelsand that growth factors from a MARS policy run ina future year may be passed back to the moredetailed model; (ii) an MCA in line with the DaSTSchallenges or goals has been implemented withinthe software platform (iii) the interface has beenupgraded to include spatial policy variablesallowing corridor based policies to be analysed.

Transeuropean Transport Network PlanningMethodology Grant Holder(s): R LiuInvestigator(s): A. Koh, J. Laird, A. PearmanFunded by: EC (DG TREN)Dates: August 2009 - March 2010Research Group: NETWORK MODELLING

AbstractIn February 2009 the European Commission,Directorate General for Energy and Transport (DGTREN), adopted the Green Paper ‘TEN-T: A policyreview – towards a better integrated trans-European transport network at the service of thecommon transport policy’. The Green Papercreates the political framework for this invitation totender. The policy document concerns a reviewprocess of the trans-European transport networkpolicy (TEN-T). Since the first drafting of the TEN-T guidelines in 1996 Europe is now faced withnew political, economical and environmentalchallenges. Against this background the purpose ofthe TEN-T policy review is to set out new objectivesfor the future development of the TEN-T policy. Insupport of the review process a definition of themethodological approach of the TEN-T Guidelinesis required. The objective of this project is toprovide the Commission services with technicaland institutional support for the interim period in2009 on the basis of the Commission’s GreenPaper on the TEN-T policy review. Morespecifically, the project is to provide the definitionof a methodological approach of the TEN-Tplanning network, in particular the ‘core network’as defined in the Green Paper. Within the overallframework, ITS participated in a consortium led byTransport Mobility Leuven and provided theguidance on methodologies for the evaluation ofindividual projects with Cost Benefit Analysis.

Longevity of SAFED TrainingGrant Holder(s): M MaherFunded by: DfTDates: September 2009 - December 2010Research Group: NETWORK MODELLING

AbstractThe SAFED programme for HGV drivers trainingprogramme was launched in 2003 by theDepartment for Transport to improve safe and fuelefficient driving techniques among HGV drivers,with a view to increasing safer driving and reducingfuel usage and carbon emissions. The programmewas extended to vans in January 2006. Previousstudies have shown have shown, on the day oftraining, an average fuel saving of around 10 percent with 36 per cent fewer gear changes for

HGVs, and a 14 per cent fuel saving and a 34 percent fewer gear changes for vans. The primary objective of this current study is toinvestigate the longevity of these impacts, andthereby produce a statistically robust estimate forthe average changes in fuel efficiency and safetythat can be expected over time following a driverreceiving SAFED training. In the study, 240drivers of HGVs and vans of various sizes, and froma variety of companies, have been recruited toundergo the SAFED training programme, and tohave their fuel consumption data recorded beforetraining and for 12 months after training. Analysisof the data will aim to estimate not only theimmediate impact on fuel consumption of thetraining, but whether this diminishes over time,and whether there are differences between types ofvehicle and the management culture within thecompany.

Noisy Optimization in TransportGrant Holder(s): M MaherInvestigator(s): R Liu, D NgoduyFunded by: Leverhulme TrustDates: October 2009 - March 2011Research Group: NETWORK MODELLING

AbstractIn transport, as with other areas, many complex,real-world systems are represented by simulationmodels. Such models offer the means to try outalternative policies or strategies and study andcompare their effects prior to implementation inpractice. Models have been developed andapplied to a wide variety of problems, ranging fromlogistics, scheduling and timetabling to trafficflows through networks. Such models arefrequently very large and complex, involving manydecision variables. The search for the values ofthese decision variables that optimize somemeasure of system performance is therefore oftena challenging task. The number of possiblesolutions is frequently huge and such a search willtypically involve many thousands of evaluations oftrial solutions. Given that each evaluation requiresa (possibly lengthy) run of the simulation model, itis vital that the search is conducted in an efficientand systematic way so that the final solution isreliable and as close to the global optimum aspossible. A variety of approaches have beenadopted to tackle such complex combinatorialoptimization problems. These include evolutionaryalgorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulatedannealing, and many others. One recent additionis an approach known as the cross entropy method.Previous work at ITS has demonstrated thesuccessful application of the method to theproblem of the optimization of traffic signalsettings in a network, using a detailed, butdeterministic, traffic simulation model. Thecurrent research is investigating the application ofthe method to noisy problems – that is, where thesimulation model used to evaluate the trialsolutions is Monte Carlo in nature andconsequently the outputs are subject to randomerror, or noise.

GHG-TransPoRDReducing greenhouse-gas emissions of transportbeyond 2020: linking R&D, transport policies andreduction targets.Grant holder: S Shepherd.Investigator(s): P Timms, A Gühnemann, M Tight,A JopsonFunded by: ECDates: October 2009 – October 2011Research Group: NETWORK MODELLINGCollaborative Partners: Fraunhofer-ISI (Co-ordinator), TRT, JRC, TML

AbstractThe main objective of GhG-TransPoRD project is tosupport the EU in defining a feasible research andpolicy strategy for GHG reductions of transport thatfits and contributes to the overall GHG reductiontargets of the EU. Such a policy strategy wouldpropose GHG reduction targets for transport as awhole as well as for each transport mode. In doingso, the GhG-TransPoRD project aims to contributeto the development of a research strategy for theEU to reduce the GHG emissions of the differenttransport modes (road, rail, air and shipping)linking this research strategy with the availablepolicy measures. The project begins with ananalysis of patents and assessment of R&D effortsin the transport sector along-side a review ofpotential GHG reductions to be had fromtechnology and policy interventions until 2020 and2050.

TURBLOG WWGrant Holder(s): P TimmsInvestigator(s): P Timms, T Whiteing Funded by: EC Dates: October 2009 –September 2011Research Group: NETWORK MODELLINGCoordinating Partner: TIS.PT (Portugal)Collaborating partners: NEA (Netherlands),INOVA+ (Portugal), BHTRANS (Brazil), PTL-UNI(Peru), TIS.BR (Brazil)

AbstractThe main goals of this study are to: (1) provide aninternational network of experts and a platform forthe exchange of ideas, information and policiesconcerning the field of urban logistics; (2) topromote cooperation among relevant internationalnetworks on urban logistics; (3) to select nine casestudies for an analysis of potential transferability(two in Europe, three in Latin America, and oneeach for four further countries/regions: China,Japan, India and Africa); (4) to compare differentbusiness concepts and models based on theselected case studies; (5) to organise four thematicworkshops coupled with site visits (two in the EUand two in Latin America); and (6) to develop aguide with recommendations on issues to beconsidered when transferring the selected case-studies to national contexts.

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ECONOMICS AND BEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

CATRIN (Cost Allocation of TransportInfrastructure)Grant Holder(s): C NashInvestigator(s): P Wheat, A Smith, J Toner, PAbrantesFunded by: ECDates: May 2007- April 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLINGURL: www.catrin-eu.org/index.php

Abstract This is a follow up project to the GRACE project,again involving a collaboration of Europeanpartners. The focus of the research was to developfurther the methodologies for estimating marginalinfrastructure costs across modes, and to generatenew results. The work was ultimately aimed atinforming transport pricing, and has drawn on themost recent theoretical microeconomic literaturein respect of pricing rules (e.g. game theoreticapproaches). A particular focus in CATRIN hasbeen improved knowledge regarding differentialpricing for different vehicle / locomotive types. Thework involved both economic and engineeringinput.

Green LogisticsGrant Holder(s): A WhiteingInvestigator(s): AS Fowkes, S Shen, DH Johnson,D StantchevFunded by: EPSRCDates: June 2006 - June 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLINGURL: www.greenlogistics.org

Abstract This four year research project into thesustainability of logistics systems and supplychains is being undertaken by a consortium of sixUK universities supported and steered by a rangeof project partners including the Department forTransport, Transport for London and CILT(UK). Themain focus is on the use of freight transport withinthe supply chain, and how this can be made moreenvironmentally sustainable. The project consistsof a set of twelve interlinked work modules,investigating (inter alia) opportunities for modalshift, problems associated with logistics operationsin urban areas, the environmental sustainability ofreverse logistics, the sustainability of homedelivery operations and opportunities for improvedscheduling of road freight. A major aim of theproject is to develop enhanced methodologies forresearch into sustainable logistics, to assist infuture policy formulation in this important field.

Rail Research UKGrant Holder(s): C Nash, M WardmanInvestigator(s): D Johnson, A Smith, P Wheat Funded by: EPSRCDates: April 2003 - July 2009 Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractRail Research UK (RRUK) is the Britishuniversities rail research group; it is led by theUniversities of Birmingham and Southampton andalso working with Imperial College London andLoughborough University. ITS is currently involvedin two RRUK projects. The first is on systems costsmodelling, undertaking econometric modelling oftrain operating costs, and testing a range ofhypothesis about the way in which policy onfranchising, including franchise length,geographical coverage and the willingness torenegotiate influence costs. As part of this firstproject ITS will also be looking at the structure ofthe industry and its impacts on incentives todevelop new technology, and have been workingwith Birmingham and Imperial College to developa methodology for testing the impact of newtechnology on rail system costs. The secondproject concerns the value of reliability, building onprevious work for the Department for Transport andnew survey work.

Concessionary Fares Lot 5 DfT Framework JTGrant Holder(s): J TonerInvestigator(s): J Shires, J Nellthorp, B Manez, PWheat, J Dargay, P Mackie, A SmithFunded by: DfTDates: October 2008 – December 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

Abstract Reimbursement of bus operators for concessionarytravel has become increasingly important with theintroduction of free local travel for older anddisabled people in April 2006, and the extensionto free national travel on all local bus services inEngland from April 2008. The aim of this researchproject is to provide the Department for Transportwith reliable, robust, evidence-based estimates ofthe assessment of the feasibility of, and the keyelements of reimbursement, together with anevidence necessary to support, a moredeterministic approach to reimbursement. Theresearch has covered a number of areas, includingthe shape of demand curves, fare- and service-level elasticities, passholder trip rates andadditional marginal and capacity costs. Full resultsare expected to be public by the end of the year.

Advances in modelling human choice behaviourGrant Holder(s): S HessFunded by: Leverhulme TrustDates: October 2008 - December 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

Abstract Almost without exception, human activity can bedecomposed into individual choices. Themathematical representation/modelling of suchchoices had been one of the most active topics oftheoretical research in the field of economics overrecent years. The contribution of choice modellingto wider science was recognised in the award ofthe Nobel prize in Economics to Daniel McFaddenin 2000 and to Daniel Kahneman in 2002. Choice

models are used across many different disciplines,from small scale studies looking at students'choices of course modules, to industrial studieslooking at the potential interest in new mobilephone handsets and to large scale cost benefitanalyses looking at the economic, environmentaland societal sustainability of new infrastructuredevelopments. While there have been impressiveadvancements in modelling methodology, there arestill major gaps between how individual peoplemake decisions and how these decisions arerepresented in a mathematical model. At the sametime, there is a prevailing and growing gapbetween theory and practice, with many real-worldapplications relying on inferior methodology thatcan lead to biased results. Both the theoreticalshortcomings and the slow uptake of advancedmethodology are worrying. Indeed, with theincreasing reliance on choice models to guideimportant decisions, it is crucial to guarantee thereliability of the modelling work as any bias canhave significant financial, environmental andsocietal effects. The aim of this fellowship istherefore two-fold. On the theoretical side, theresearch supported by this grant has led todevelopments that have reconciled modelledchoice behaviour with actual human behaviour,while on the applied side, numerous applicationshave been conducted to bridge the gap betweentheory and practice by making advancedmethodology accessible for large scale real worldstudies.

UK TRAM (formerly Meta Analysis)Grant Holder(s): D JohnsonInvestigator(s): M Wardman, P AbrantesFunded by: DfTDates: September 2008 - January 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThe overall purpose of this study was to identifythe important quality attributes which comprise ameasure of quality of journey experience whichmake trams distinct from other modes. We classquality attributes as those which are not capturedin time or cost related estimated parametersestimated from Stated Preference (SP) or RevealedPreference (RP) exercises. This study had threemain aims: to identify the extent of modalpreference for tram over other modes captured inthe mode specific constant; to identify, wherepossible, the importance of the variouscomponents of the modal preference; to outlinegaps in knowledge and suggest possible avenuesfor future research. The findings are aimed atpromoters, funders and operators of rapid transitschemes in the UK and include: a critical review ofthe available literature on public transport qualityattributes; analysis of the tram modal constantsavailable from a range of relevant studies,segmented where appropriate; a ranking of qualityattributes and a discussion of those significantquality attributes identified; comparisons ofvaluations with those from studies into Bus RapidTransit (BRT) type schemes; consideration ofwhether appropriate modelling exercises have been

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undertaken; a summary identifying gaps in theevidence base and recommendations for futurework.

Long Distance Travel StudyGrant Holder(s): J DargayInvestigator(s): S Clark, D Johnson, M Wardman, JTonerFunded by: Independent Transport Commission(ITC)Dates: 2008 - 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

Abstract This study develops a model to forecast longerdistance domestic travel by coach, air, rail and carin Great Britain. The model considers futuredevelopments in transport supply as well aschanges in economic, demographic and socialfactors, and a range of policy measures. Theforecasting model is a dynamic, elasticity drivensystem of equations for the four modes, basedown- and cross-elasticities encompassing journeycost and journey time, as well as the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of thepopulation. Demand is defined as annualpassenger miles by mode, and consideration isgiven to five journey purposes: visiting friends andrelatives, holidays, leisure day trips, business tripsand commuting. Trips below and above 150 milesare considered separately, since air will only be areasonable option for trips farther than thisdistance. The base values are determined usingdata from the National Travel Survey (NTS). Theelasticities to drive the model are based on acombination of existing evidence and newempirical estimates. The new estimates are basedon econometric analysis of aggregate data for rail,air, car and coach travel, NTS data for the years1995-2006 and data obtained from a new surveyof long distance travellers at coach stations,airports, onboard trains and at motorway serviceareas. The survey contains a stated preferenceelement to provide information on diversionfactors which are used to calculate cross-elasticities for journey costs and journey time. Inaddition, responses to ‘transfer cost’ and ‘transfertime’ questions are analysed to provideinformation to derive estimates of own-cost andown-time elasticities. The empirical evidenceobtained from the different analyses is used inconjunction with economic theory on therelationship between elasticities to determine thevalues used in the forecasting model. A BaseCase is defined in order to produce projections ofannual long distance to 2030. This is determinedby projections of the socio-demographiccharacteristics of the population and nationaleconomic trends obtained from governmentbodies and assumptions on future transport costsbased on oil price assumptions and calculationsprovided by the DfT. The model is used toexamine the impacts of a number of policy andsupply-side scenarios, which are incorporated inthe model in terms of changes in travel costs andtravel time. The scenarios considered are roaduser charging and various assumptions regarding

car fuel efficiency, motoring costs and rail and airfares. The impact on long distance travel of thecurrent economic downturn is examined andsensitivity analyses are carried out to explore theimpacts of different assumptions regardingincome and population growth and incomeelasticities.

European Transport Policy – Progress andProspectsGrant Holder(s): C NashInvestigator(s): B MatthewsFunded by: Community of European Railways(CER)Dates: October 2008 – May 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThe aim of this study was to outline progress in theimplementation of European transport policy sincethe 2001 White Paper (CEC, 2001) and to putforward a vision of what further developments areneeded over the next 5-10 years to attain theobjective of the creation of a competitive Europeanrailway area. Hence, the focus was on issuesaffecting the rail industry, both directly, in terms ofinitiatives and legislation targeted on the railindustry, and indirectly, in terms of initiatives andlegislation having a bearing on rail as it seeks tocompete with the other transport modes. Giventhat we are coming to the end of the periodcovered by the previous White Paper, it is clearlytimely to consider to what extent policy for the nextdecade should differ from what has gone before. Athorough assessment of progress and prospectswas undertaken, divided into 3 key areas: intramodal competition; inter-modal competition; andinfrastructure investment. The final report isavailable via www.cer.be

Estimation of Travel Demand ModelsGrant Holder(s): S HessFunded by: EPSRCDates: February 2009 - July 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractRandom utility models (RUM) are increasinglyestimated on datasets in which multiple choicesare observed for each respondent, a situation thatarises most prominently in the case of statedchoice (SC) data. The fact that the standardmodelling methodology was developed for a cross-sectional context poses an important issue at atime when many applications rely on panel data.This research project aims to develop new methodsfor adequately representing the repeated choicenature of panel data in random utility modelling.

Advice on Surveys to Examine the Effectivenessand Acceptability of Measures to EncourageCycling within Greater LondonGrant Holder(s): M WardmanInvestigator(s): M PageFunded by: Transport for London (TfL)Dates: March 2009 - April 2009

Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThis was desk top research that involved reviewingboth previously applied and potentialmethodologies and previous research evidence inorder to arrive at advice on how best research intothe effectiveness and acceptability of measures toencouraging cycling in the context of GreaterLondon might be progressed. A set ofrecommendations were provided for possibleresearch work in a wide range of areas including:mode and route choice, based on a wide range ofdata sources; cycling by children; cycle access toand from railways; cycle hire schemes; andmonitoring of improvement schemes.

TfL Projections of Future TravelGrant Holder(s): M WardmanInvestigator(s): A Daly, G De Jong, J DargayFunded by: TfLDates: April 2009 - September 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThe objectives of this study were: to review currentmethodologies, focussing on their ability tocharacterise travel and forecast trends in thecontext of Transport for London’s (TfL) need forstrategic level demand projections and forecastsand to stimulate thinking on the development ofnew forecasting approaches given the identifiedlimitations of existing methods and sources of dataand with particular emphasis on the needs of TfLmanagers. This was a desk-top review allied toassembling the views and requirements of TfLmanagers regarding strategic demand forecastingwhilst also learning from the experiences gainedfrom comparable forecasting methods in majormetropolitan areas in mainland Europe. A largenumber of key TfL managers were interviewed toestablish current TfL methods and requirementswhilst interviews were undertaken with managersin the Randstad and Paris to learn from experienceand practice in major European conurbations.These interviews, along with a critical review of thestate of the practice and available/possible data,provides the basis for a series of recommendationson how TfL can improve their strategic forecastingcapabilities.

Guest Researcher ProgrammeGrant Holder(s): A SmithInvestigator(s): P WheatFunded by: VTI Swedish National Road andTransportation InstituteDates: April 2009 - December 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractAndrew Smith and Phill Wheat are visitingresearchers Centre for Transport Studies, RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) and SwedishNational Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI), Sweden (2009). This has involved visits to

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present work and develop collaborative researchproposals and papers.

INTERCONNECT Grant Holder(s): P BonsallInvestigator(s): B Matthews, P Abrantes, J Shires,B Menaz, B Lythgoe, M PageFunded by: ECDates: June 2009 - May 2011Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThis project addresses the potential for greaterefficiency and reduced environmental impact ofpassenger transport by judicious encouragement ofintegration, co-operation and, where appropriate,competition in the provision of local connections tolong distance travel. The particular focus ofINTERCONNECT are those journeys which mightbenefit from more effective interconnectionbetween different modes and services, and onthose situations where effective interconnection iscurrently hampered by institutional barriers, lackof investment, or failure to innovate. Byidentifying examples of good practice from Europeand elsewhere, the project will show how thesesituations could benefit from a more enlightenedapproach. The work to date has concentrated onthe collation of relevant literature and of publisheddata on the nature of long distance travel inEuropean counties. ITS has also been leading astream of work which will result in the productionof a ‘toolkit’ of techniques which show particularpromise. This has involved consideration of thecriteria for success and the various categories ofsolutions which might be identified (e.g.institutional or regulatory reform, new build,integrated ticketing, and joint marketing). ITS hasalso contributed to the selection of case studieswhich can demonstrate best practice or which canbe used as test-beds to demonstrate thetransferability, or otherwise, of selected solutions.Outputs from the project are posted on the projectwebsite as they emerge: www.interconnect-project.eu/

DfT Cost EconometricsGrant Holder(s): A SmithFunded by: DfTDates: June 2009 - January 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractIn this project ITS is conducting econometric costmodelling work using a new dataset of franchisedpassenger train operating company (TOC) costs.The aim is to inform DfT’s future forecasts of TOCcosts, based on understanding the drivers of costs,and also relative efficiency. The work is being donein partnership with consultants Steer DaviesGleave.

NETSTATEGrant Holder(s): C NashInvestigator(s): B Matthews, R MerkertFunded by: DG TREN

Dates: July 2009 – December 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLINGCollaborative Partners: PWC, NEA and TML

AbstractThis study undertook analysis of the existing levelof implementation of provisions regarding railNetwork Statements, and developed best practiceguidance for drafting Network Statements. Thisencompassed a thorough investigation of theexisting rail NS of the Member States and of otherrelevant European countries, as well as theidentification of tools (such as GIS) that canimprove efficiency, harmonisation and access ofthe rail infrastructure information.

Econometric analysis of TOC sizeGrant Holder(s): P WheatFunded by: Office of Rail Regulation (ORR)Dates: August 2009 - September 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThis project utilised econometric techniques toexamine the cost impact of merging and moregenerally remapping the franchise structure ofBritain’s Train Operating Companies. Overall itfound that simply making franchises larger wouldnot necessarily reduce unit costs, howeverreducing the overlap of franchises would exploiteconomies of density in train service provision andso reduce unit costs.

Rail Freight Value of Time StudyGrant Holder(s): A FowkesInvestigator(s): A Whiteing, D Johnson, DStantchevFunded by: ORRDates: August 2009 - January 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThe Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) commissionedthis study by AECOM and ITS of the values ofjourney time savings/increases and of changes tolateness. The main objective of the study was toidentify monetary freight user values, both fortravel time savings and improvements in traveltime reliability. Separate values were identified fora range of commodities including coal, otherbulks, domestic and intermodal traffic. Theinterview questionnaire was based on the ReportedCost approach developed by Booz Allen Hamiltonin a study with ITS for the Strategic Rail Authorityin 2003/4. The project has reported to ORR, withpublished results to follow.

Smart and Integrated TicketingGrant Holder(s): P BonsallInvestigator(s): M WardmanFunded by: DfT via Ipsos MORIDates: September 2009 - January 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThis project, conducted in partnership with IpsosMORI, explored the degree of public interest invarious forms of ‘Smart’ or integrated ticketing(e.g. stored value cards, smart cards, phone apps,transferable tickets, multimodal tickets) and theeffect that their introduction might have on thenumber of trips made on public transport. Theresearch was concentrated in three cities (Bristol,Birmingham and Manchester) and comprisedqualitative interviews and a quantitativequestionnaire which included a stated preference(SP) exercise. The qualitative interviews revealedconsiderable interest in new ticketing concepts buta reluctance to pay a significant premium for‘smart’ variants. Results from the SP exerciseindicated that, although much of the demand forintegrated tickets would be at the expense of pre-existing ticket types, introduction of such ticketswould cause a net increase in public transporttrips. Elasticities and cross elasticities wereestimated from the data and showed particularlystrong competition between day tickets valid on allbuses and those valid for only one operator. Theresults of this research will be published by DfT indue course.

ORR Econometric Support Call offGrant Holder(s): A SmithFunded by: ORRDates: September 2009 - December 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractITS has been carrying out econometric costmodelling and efficiency benchmarking analysisfor ORR since 2007 and this contract was renewedfor a further two years in the summer of 2009. Thework is based on two datasets: a dataset ofEuropean infrastructure managers, provided by theUIC, and a second dataset, collected by ORR andITS, which utilises both national data and regionaldata within countries. The latter has formed into anew benchmarking club, and its aim is tounderstand both relative inefficiency acrosscountries, but also within countries. This work hasbeen used to inform the 2008 price determinationprocess and is intended to inform the next pricereview.

ORR International ReviewGrant Holder(s): A SmithFunded by: ORRDates: September 2009 - November 2009Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractWith consultants Arup, and other academicpartners, ITS carried out a review of internationalexperience of approaches to rail delivery aroundthe world to inform ORR’s thinking regardingapproaches to franchising and also the relationshipbetween the British infrastructure provider, andtrain operators.

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SNCF Grant Holder(s): D JohnsonFunded by: Societe Nationale des Chemins de ferFrancais (SNCF)Dates: September 2009 – July 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractThis is a project to assess the impact of openaccess competition on French rail passengerservices. Stage1 includes a qualitative assessmentof the impact of open access competition onFrench rail passenger services based on a review ofpast experience of modelling with PRAISE andactual experience of open access competition andcompetition between neighbouring franchises. Atthe second stage ITS will also undertake some newmodelling work using PRAISE (a disaggregatePassenger Rail demand forecasting model),working with a set of Origin-Destination (OD)stations to form the ‘route’ or ‘network’ underconsideration.

TfL Freight Modelling SupportGrant Holder(s): A FowkesFunded by: TfLDates: December 2009 - December 2010Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

AbstractFor this work, ITS is to provide detailed technicalmodelling support for the Freight Unit at TfL,including: advising on the structure of the modeland the particular impact of external zones andnon-road modes onto the base year freightmatrices, to reduce the potential of a monopolysituation arising in the development of the BaseYear Forecast Matrix (BYFM); attending technicalboard meetings and workshops as appropriate; andbeing able to include partnerorganisations/universities as necessary for thesuccessful completion of the BYFM project.It is intended that should the providers of theBYFM have difficulties in particular areas then ajoint working with the provider could be required toovercome the particular issue.

SHANTI (Harmonised travel surveys using newtechnology)Grant Holder(s): P BonsallInvestigator(s): J DargayFunded by: ESF COSTDates: April 2009 - April 2012Research Group: ECONOMICS ANDBEHAVIOURAL MODELLING

Abstract This is a networking project which aims tofacilitate the production of state of the art reviewsand recommendations for action in respect of theuse of new technologies to collect data onpassenger and freight movements in Europe.Previous work (e.g. FP6 project KITE, the COST355 project and the 2008 ISCTSC conference)has shown that existing mobility data fromNational Travel Surveys in different European

countries is generally not harmonised orcomparable. SHANTI will address the pre-requisites for harmonisation of data and will focuson the role of new technologies in the collection orcapture of travel information. GPS-basedtechnologies, including hand held devices andthose fitted to vehicles, will be studied inparticular depth as will the use of new technologiesas an aid to travel diaries and the scope forconstruction of databases from multiple anddisparate sources. ITS co-represents the UK withinSHANTI’s management group and provides thechair for a working group on vehicle-based surveys.

TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT

Mobile Environmental Sensing System Across aGrid Environment (MESSAGE)Grant Holder(s): H ChenInvestigator(s): Consortium of five universities ledby J Polak (Imperial College London), M Bell(Newcastle), P Blythe (Newcastle),H Chen(Leeds), P Landshoff (Cambridge), M McDonald(Southampton).Funded by: EPSRC, DfTDates: October 2006 - September 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT ANDENVIRONMENT

AbstractThe project was concerned with developing newtechniques for collecting, managing, interpretingand modelling data on environmental quality andits relationship to transport. It brought about astep-change improvement in the data and analysismethods available for the measurement andmanagement of traffic pollution. More specifically,it addressed key scientific challenges in the fieldof transport and environmental monitoring, usingdata derived from transportable sensors which canmeasure local environmental factors such aspollutants from vehicles, and developed a flexibleand reusable sensor and communicationsinfrastructure to support a wide range of scientific,policy-related and commercial uses andapplications for the resultant data (e.g. pollution atthe level of the individual) and it alsodemonstrated the operation and utility of thisinfrastructure in a range of case study applications(e.g. mounted on a fleet of buses and individualsas they move about). The Leeds team took part inthe deployment and validation of a new class oflow cost wireless sensors in and around the roadenvironment in Gateshead, Headingley (Leeds) andLeicester used the data from the sensors toimprove the calibration and validation of existingemissions and dispersion models.

Future Urban Technologies Undertaking Researchto Enhance Sustainability (FUTURES)Grant Holder(s): M BellInvestigator(s): P Goodman, P SkeltonFunded by: EPSRCDates: September 2004 - June 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT ANDENVIRONMENTCollaborating Partners: Energy and ResourcesResearch Institute (ERRI), University of Leeds,

Transport Research Group, University ofSouthampton, Institute of Sound and VibrationResearch, University of Southampton, Unit forTransport & Society, University of the West ofEnglandURL: www.sue-futures.org

Abstract ITS, in collaboration with the Energy andResources Research Institute (ERRI), engaged in acore element of the FUTURES project, namely:Environment Assessment of New VehicleTechnology with Improved Confidence. Twoenvironmental impacts were examined in detail:noise levels arising from electric vehicles, andsensitivity issues governing the concentration ofNitrogen Dioxide (NO2) levels in urban streetcanyons. The overall FUTURES project was one offour transport research consortia within theEPSRC's ‘Towards a Sustainable UrbanEnvironment Programme’. The project followed onfrom an initial scoping study, and was a five-yearresearch programme to investigate and promotethe role of new technologies in achievingsustainable urban mobility. FUTURES sought toaddress the ways in which new transport-relatedtechnologies may be able to contribute to asustainable urban environment.

4M - SUE IIGrant Holder(s): P GoodmanInvestigator(s): K RopkinsFunded by: EPSRCDates: April 2008 - March 2012Research Group: TRANSPORT ANDENVIRONMENTCollaborating Partners: University ofLoughborough, De Montfort University Leicester,The University of Sheffield, Newcastle UniversityURL: www.4mfootprint.org

AbstractRecently published findings make the case forreductions in anthropogenic greenhouse gasconcentrations both conclusive and urgent. UKGovernment policies are attempting to encouragethe uptake of low or zero-carbon technologies.However, technological advances and penetrationare unlikely to account for reductions in carbonemissions of the order being proposed –behavioural and land-use changes affecting theuse of buildings and transport networks will also berequired, alongside biological sequestration andbetter waste management. Unfortunately currenttools available to authorities and planners to trackand manage such processes are somewhatinadequate. The 4M project seeks to address thisissue by building a complete carbon footprint forthe City of Leicester UK, using a bottom-upprocess, alongside appropriate tool development,so that the relative magnitudes and trade offsbetween competing carbon management strategiesmay be studied and their effects on the lifestyles ofthe cities’ inhabitants explored.

Identifying and Informing High-emitting Vehicles:Calderdale MBCGrant Holder(s): J Tate

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Funded by: Calderdale Metropolitan BoroughCouncilDates: September 2009 - December 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT ANDENVIRONMENT

AbstractITS was commissioned by Calderdale MBC tomeasure on-road tailpipe emissions of vehicles asthey drove-through suitable monitoring locations inHalifax (Salterhebble) and Hebden Bridge. Theremote vehicle emission sensing instrument worksby scanning the exhaust plume trailing a vehicle.The technology is commonly used in the U.S. andCanada in large-scale emission testing programs.The ESP RSD-4600 instrument when installed ata good test-site, is able to measure ratios of NO,CO, HC and a coarse particle index to CO2 i.e. fuel-based emission factors. Vehicle speed,acceleration and a digital image of the rear of thevehicle, and hence registration mark, are alsorecorded. The measurements in October 2009allowed the on-road vehicle fleet emissions to becharacterised e.g. categorised by vehicle type, ageand emission standard (e.g. Euro 0 – 5). Whenthese emission measurements are coupled withvehicle specific information such as fuel type,engine size, weight etc from DVLA records, muchgreater understanding of on-road vehicle emissionscan be gleaned. Analysis of measurements inOctober 2009, supported by Calderdale MBC, hasshown that whilst emission ratios for petrol cars arefalling broadly in-line with Euro classifications andEmission standards, NO emissions from the dieselcars show little sign of decline. It is suggested thatimprovements in vehicle technology are beingoffset by an increasing share of diesel enginevehicles, which emit more NOX and coarseparticles than comparable petrol engine vehicles.This is important as the UK is not on-track to meetEU limit values or UK objectives for NitrogenDioxide by the 2010 deadline. The smallproportion of vehicles classified as having elevatedemissions, are responsible for a significant (~40%)proportion of HC and CO emissions. Thecontribution to the total coarse particle measureand NO/CO2 ratio is less pronounced, indicating apolicy of identifying and removing vehicles withelevated emissions from the vehicle fleet wouldhave a significant impact on HC and COconcentrations, but there would only be modestgains for NO and particle emissions.

TRANSPORT POLICY

MIME (Market Based Impact Mitigation for theEnvironment)Grant Holder(s): M TightInvestigator(s): A Gühnemann, C Kelly, H Harwatt,R Connors, L Chernyavs’ka, J NellthorpFunded by: ECDates: August 2007 - December 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYCollaborative Partners: SINTEF, Norway; QINETIQ,UK; Eurocontrol Experimental Centre; ENV-ISA,France; Technical University of Munich, Germany

AbstractAirlines and airports will likely face an increasingnumber of noise impact constraints in the future.There are already at least 128 airports worldwidewith some type of noise surcharges, and thesituation that the air transport industry facesregarding noise-related environmental constraintson future growth is very grave. As has been shownin other industries, there are conditions underwhich a market-based mechanism usingtransferable permits can be used to provideimproved control over environmental impacts, andat the same time, allow efficient businessoperations. MIME is aimed at discovering whether,and how, such mechanisms can be used toimprove environmental noise control in airtransport.

Assessing Sensitiveness to Transport (ASSET)Grant Holder(s): A GühnemannInvestigator(s): M Kimble, M Tight, A. Koh. L.Chernyavs’kaFunded by: ECDates: April 2007 - October 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYURL: www.asset-eu.org

AbstractThe aim of the project has been to develop thescientific and methodological capabilities toimplement European policies aiming at balancingthe protection of environmentally Sensitive Areas(SA) with the provision of an efficient transportsystem. Although the concept of sensitive areashas been repeatedly evoked in the context of EUtransport policies, there is to date no scientificand no political agreement on a definition, nor isthere an agreed approach to address the specificconcerns associated to transport related SA(TSA). Therefore, the first part of the project hasprovided a set of sensitiveness criteria to identifyTSA and apply these in a mapping of TSAs acrossthe EU, allowing for the identification andprioritisation of critical sustainability issuesgeared to the development of the Trans-EuropeanTransport Networks (TEN-T). The second part ofthe project was led by ITS and concentrated onanalysing policy instruments with regard to theirapplicability to different categories of TSA andthe identification of adequate policy packageswith a focus on market-based instruments. Theproposed methodology and the policy instrumentswere then assessed in detail in 10 case studiescovering (i) mountainous areas, (ii)urban/metropolitan areas, (iii) natural/protectedareas, and (iv) coastal areas, as well as differentmodes, types of traffic and geographicalsituations. ITS carried out a case study in theTrans-Pennine region dealing with a situationwhere the protection of a natural protected areaconflicts with the protection of the population.Finally, policy and operational guidelines for TSAhave be developed, notably building on the crosssite evaluation of the case studies. The finalconference was held in November 2009. Theproject involved a consortium of 11 partners in 9countries, thus covering all relevant disciplines(natural scientists, economists, transport policy,

social policy experts) and a wide geographicalscope in Europe.

TRKCGrant Holder(s): N MeratInvestigator(s): B Menaz, D Stantchev, A Whiteing,P Timms,Funded by: ECDates: April 2007 - March 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThe Transport Research Knowledge Centre (TRKC)is a European project funded under the 6th RTDFramework Programme and is a follow-up ofEXTRA (1999-2001) and EXTR@Web (2002-2006). The aim of the project is to promote anddisseminate the results of transport researchactivities from the European Research Area topolicy-makers, academics, industry and otherrelevant stakeholders. A web-based informationportal available at www.transport-research.info/web/index.cfm has been establishedto provide comprehensive information about on-going and completed transport researchprogrammes and projects, transport events as wellas thematic analyses of transport research resultsand their policy implications.

COST 358: Pedestrians’ Quality NeedsGrant Holder(s): M TightFunded by: ECDates: November 2006 - November 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract The main objective of this project is networkingand the development of high quality collaborativeresearch proposals in the area of pedestriansquality needs. The study will focus of threeperspectives: functionality of the pedestrianenvironment, perception of that environment bythe users, and durability. The project aims toprovide an essential contribution to systemsknowledge of pedestrians’ quality needs, thusstimulating structural and functional interventions,policy making and regulation to support animproved pedestrian environment across the EUand other involved countries. The project involvesexperts in this field from 26 countries in Europeand elsewhere.

CityMobilGrant Holder(s): A MayInvestigator(s): H Muir, C Kelly, S Shepherd, GMarsden, A Gühnemann, R Liu, S Jamson, NMerat, D StantchevFunded by: ECDates: May 2006 - April 2011Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYURL: www.citymobil-project.eu/

AbstractCityMobil involves examining the impacts that newtransport technologies (mainly PRT, cybercars andhigh-tech buses) can have on improving thesustainability of European cities, and how thesemodes can be integrated into existing transport

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systems. ITS is involved in four of the five sub-projects, including managing a sub-project toinvestigate how new technologies would fit into arange of future scenarios. Further work beingundertaken by ITS includes: constructing strategic(MARS) and microsimulation (DRACULA) modelsto assess the future impacts of new technologies infour European cities; developing and applying aframework for evaluating new modes; aiding theco-ordination of links between CityMobil and thePRT system construction at Heathrow Airport; andusing the UoLDS to assess the human factorsissues associated with transfer of control betweenmanual driving and full automation.

CURACAO (Coordination of Urban Road UserCharging Organisational Issues)Grant Holder(s): AD MayInvestigator(s): D Milne, A KohFunded by: ECDates: April 2006 – March 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYURL: www.curacao-project.eu

AbstractCURACAO was a three year project funded by theEuropean Commission to provide support to citiesinterested in introducing road pricing schemes. Itsoverall objective was to promote and support fairand more efficient pricing of road usage in urbanareas. CURACAO did not undertake research itself,but reviewed the results of research and practiceand collated these to provide advice to citiesrelated to the questions which they raised. ITS ledthe Scientific Committee, which produced anannual state-of-the-art report. This report reviewedevidence on each of the main issues of concern tocities: policy objectives; design methods,technology and business systems; prediction andappraisal; impacts on traffic, the environment, theeconomy and equity; acceptability, transferabilityand implementation and evaluation. The finalstate-of-the-art report covered findings to the endof 2008. It was accompanied by a report onsixteen case studies, a guiding presentation, aseries of fact sheets and a set of policyrecommendations.

Policy, Economics and Appraisal in Transport(PEAT)Grant Holder(s): S Grant-MullerFunded by: ECDates: September 2004 – February 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThe PEAT training site is one of a small number ofhighly prestigious training sites funded under theEU FP6 Marie Curie training and mobilityprogramme. The goals were to provide acomprehensive research training environmentcovering the theoretical, methodological andcontextual research issues within the field ofPolicy, Economics and Appraisal for the transportnetwork of today and tomorrow. Eight full timescholarships were awarded, each for a 3 yearperiod of study towards PhD at ITS. All Fellowshave now formally finished their period of research

and training and the PEAT site has reached itsconclusion. Four fellows have already beenawarded their PhD whilst others are finalisingsubmission. To date Fellows are pursuing careertracks in academia, local government or industry,either in Europe or the UK. In addition to the mainwork of research, to date, over 50 conference andjournal papers have been produced by Fellows anddisseminated at a range of internationalconferences.

Road User Safety and CyclingGrant Holder(s): M TightFunded by: DfTDates: September 2008 – August 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract This project aims to assess a wide range of roaduser safety issues in relation to cycling in the UK,in particular analysis of cycling activity andcollision data, qualitative research with cyclistsand other road users, a review of infrastructureprovision and a review and analysis of cycle helmetwearing.

Visions Of The Role Of Walking And Cycling In2030Grant Holder(s): M Tight, D Watling, AGühnemannInvestigator(s): P Timms, D Ngoduy, M KimbleFunded by: EPSRCDates: October 2008 – September 2011Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract This research seeks to examine ways in which morepeople might be encouraged to walk and cycle inthe future, what steps are needed to support thispotential increase in walking and cycling and howto improve the experience for those who alreadyuse these modes. Walking and cycling can make aconsiderable contribution to sustainable transportgoals, building healthier and more sociablecommunities and contributing to traffic reductionand lower carbon emissions. The amount ofwalking and cycling in Britain has declined overthe long term and research suggests that there aremajor obstacles to prevent people from using thesemodes. There have been many national and localinitiatives to promote walking and cycling butwithout a long term vision and consistent strategyit is difficult to see how a significant change maybe achieved. The time is now right to examine themeans by which such a fundamental change bothin the quantity of walking and cycling, and in thequality of the experience can be achieved, whichgoes well beyond continuation of existing trends.The work will involve a series of expert workshopsto develop visions of alternative futures and alsodraw in various ways on the experiences ofdifferent user groups of the public to ensure thatthe visions developed are grounded in realexperiences. The workshops and otherparticipation events will be used to establish trendbreaking views of the future and the key attributesof future conditions which will generate thesevisions. We will undertake impact assessments to

consider the likely costs and benefits of thesevisions and the potential effects on lifestyle. Thework will develop and use innovativemethodologies using visualisation software to helpusers understand how futures might appear, usingmodelling techniques which examine narrative andstorylines to understand how different futuresmight be attained, and using a range of socialresearch methods to explore how different futuresmight affect individual lifestyles and society. Wewill offer people a range of tools that enable themto construct their own versions of the future, and toweave their own stories in and out of expertvisions, thus opening up the possibility of a richerand expanded public engagement with thevisioning process. This permits a shift from thenarrow focus of people's current day decision-making and behavioural and lifestyle choices to agreater focus on the process through which peoplemake decisions and the contextual factors whichinform how people choose to live their everydaylives. The value of this project, and the innovativemethodologies it adopts, such as the new approachto modelling, is that in this way it opens up thepossibilities of a greater understanding of howwalking and cycling could change in the future.

Understanding Walking and CyclingGrant Holder(s): M TightInvestigator(s): A Jopson, H Harwatt, F Hodgson,S Clark, H MuirFunded by: EPSRCDates: October 2008 – September 2011Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract It is widely recognised that an increase in walkingand cycling for short journeys in urban areas couldsignificantly reduce traffic congestion, improve thequality of the urban environment, promoteimproved personal health, and contribute to areduction in carbon emissions. This isdemonstrated by a wide range of policy initiativesby national and local governments, by healthauthorities and a variety of non-governmentalorganizations. Recent reviews of research on travelbehaviour have emphasised that the ways in whichtravel decisions are made remains poorlyunderstood, especially in the context of complexand contingent household travel arrangements.This research seeks to fill this research gapthrough an in-depth analysis of household decisionmaking with respect to short journeys in urbanareas and has two key aims: to develop betterunderstanding of the complex ways in whichhouseholds and individuals make everyday traveldecisions about short trips in urban areas; and todevelop a 'toolkit' that helps planners, policymakers and others concerned with promoting moresustainable travel practices in urban areas to targetpolicies and interventions more effectively. Theresearch will adopt a mixed methodology, but withthe main emphasis on in-depth qualitativeresearch, and will examine individual, family andhousehold decision making in four differentneighbourhoods. Throughout the research theproject will engage with a range of stakeholdersand potential users, and in the final part of the

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project will engage potential users with the development of outputs.

Rural TransportGrant Holder(s): J LairdInvestigator(s): P MackieFunded by: Scottish GovernmentDates: November 2008 – April 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract This project reviews the latest research and bestpractice in rural transport economic appraisal. Ithas a particular focus on wider economic impacts,option values and suppressed demand. The reporthas been published by the Scottish Government.

Proportionality of AppraisalGrant Holder(s): M PageInvestigator(s): P MackieFunded by: DfTDates: October 2008 - December 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractProportionate Appraisal came from a Departmentfor Transport concern that their appraisalprocedures for major (>£5M) schemes were tooonerous and inappropriate for schemes at the lowerend of the cost threshold. The project involvedreviewing current procedures, producingrecommendations for a more proportionate processand testing and drafting formal guidance on theproposed approach. This involved extensiveconsultation with stakeholders and the Departmentto try and ensure a revised approach remainedrobust and consistent while being less costly tocarry out for scheme proposers. Atkins led theproject which was also carried out in conjunctionwith John Bates Services.

SITPRO PlusGrant Holder(s): A PearmanInvestigator(s): B Matthews, M Lawler, B Menaz, KChorlton, C KellyFunded by: EC (DG Research)Dates: October 2008 – September 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYCollaborative Partners: ICCR, NESTIER and TIS

AbstractThe SITPRO Plus Project assesses the impacts oftransport projects funded by the EuropeanCommission within the 5th and 6th FrameworkProgrammes for Research and TechnologicalDevelopment. Its final aim is to use these findingsto define new transport research policy objectivesand to provide the European Commission with amethodology for impact assessment in the ongoingand future Framework Programmes. The project isfunded by the European Commission through the7th Framework Programme. Along with four otherresearch projects it forms part of a broaderinitiative in the EU Transport Research Programmefor developing specific impact assessmentmethodologies for European Commission fundedprojects.

Northern Way – Technical AdviceGrant Holder(s): G MarsdenFunded by: Northern WayDates: January 2009 - June 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractITS is supporting Steer Davies Gleave consultantsin providing advice on strategic transport mattersto the Northern Way. In 2009 this has includedresearch on expanding the consideration of widereconomic benefits in transport appraisal, theextent to which transport and economicdevelopment in the Northern Way area differs fromother parts of the country and low carbon policyand the implications of the Climate Change Billand new low carbon strategy.

The new AnfieldGrant Holder(s): F HodgsonFunded by: ArupDates: January 2009 - February 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThe aim of this small project was to explore thetravel decisions and practices of Liverpool FootballClub supporters attending games at Anfield andtheir preferred transport options as part of theproposal to improve the Anfield stadium. A series offour focus groups were held with Liverpool FootballClub supporters in and around Liverpool. The workfound that the travel practices used a variety ofcompetencies, were very routinised, involved highlycomplex decision making understanding the natureof the transport provision, opportunities to socialiseas part of the journey and judgements andpredictions of the behaviour and practices of othertravellers. In particular it was found that travellingaway from the ground is extremely influential indetermining the characteristics of the travel to theground and that the best designs are those it iseasier to get away from.

Productivity in Transport Evaluation Study(Department for Transport, 2008-2010) (PITES)Grant Holder(s): J LairdFunded by: DfTDates: February 2009 – December 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis study is examining ex-post economic data forevidence of increases in total factor productivity asa result of a transport infrastructure investment.The study is being undertaken for the Departmentfor Transport and is led by the London School ofEconomics.

Assessing The Future of Air Transport White Paperas a strategic framework for sustainable airportdevelopmentGrant Holder(s): S Grant-MullerFunded by: DfT via Ipsos-MORIDates: April 2009 - December 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYURL:www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/aviation/airports/development/

AbstractThe Future of Air Transport White Paper (ATWP)stated that the government would monitor andevaluate the effectiveness and impact of thepolicies set out in the ATWP. This specific researchstudy aimed to: (i) assess the perceivedeffectiveness of the overall strategic frameworkprovided by the ATWP. For example, it investigatesstakeholders’ views on the timeframe and coverageof the ATWP; and (ii) investigate the influence ofairport master plan policy on local airportdevelopment processes. For example, it exploresstakeholders’ views on DfT guidance on masterplans and the impact of master plans oncommunity engagement. ITS conducted a contentreview of 10 master plan documents, selected byITS based on a range of criteria such as airportsize, location and ownership. Ipsos MORI carriedout 62 interviews with a range of stakeholders atthese airports, as well as members of DfT'sAviation External Advisory Group (which includesrepresentatives from the aviation industry,environmental organisations and other key interestgroups). Interviewees were selected to reflect thewide range of views on aviation.

Wider Economic Impact- Northern WayGrant Holder(s): J LairdFunded by: Northern WayDates: July 2009 – September 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis scoping study for the Northern Way examinedwhether there is a theoretical and practical case forextending current appraisal practice to includeregeneration wider impacts. These wider impactsare associated with increasing labour supply inareas of involuntary unemployment. The reporthas been published by the Northern Way.

Economic KPIs – Fully Allocated Costs & MarginalCostsGrant Holder(s): S Grant-MullerInvestigator(s): J Shires, P Wheat, S Shen, ASmith, C Nash, P MackieFunded by: Rail Safety and standards Board(RSSB)Dates: July 2009 - June 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

Abstract ITS, in association with Paul Watkiss & Associates,and AEA Technology, was appointed by the RailSafety and Standards Board in July 2009 toundertake calculations of economic KPIs for bothroad and rail on both a fully allocated costs basisand a marginal cost basis. The main objective ofthe first stage was to provide updated andimproved estimates of the fully allocated costs oftransport, following the approach of those providedin the DETR ‘Surface Transport Costs and Charges’(STCC) 2001 report (Sansom et al., 2001). Thestudy forms a work package within a group of sixpieces of work intended to form a toolkit ofindustry-wide sustainability metrics for rail,allowing comparisons with other modes.

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Influencing BehaviourGrant Holder(s): P BonsallInvestigator(s): G Marsden, M Conner, A Jopson(with input from A Darnton)Funded by: DfTDates: August 2009 - November 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis short project involved the production of ‘thinkpieces’ on how to influence traveller behaviour. Itwas conducted on behalf of the Social Researchand Evaluation Division of the Department ofTransport and required consideration of theory andevidence on the factors affecting the success ofattempts to influence the behaviour of individualsand companies. Three reports were produced(1,2,3) covering, respectively, influencing thebehaviour of individuals, influencing the behaviourof companies, and using local agents (e.g. localauthorities) as agents in behavioural changeinitiatives. The relevant psychological andsociological theories were summarised andevidence was presented from a range of fieldsincluding transport (including car sharing andpersonal travel planning), health (including diet,exercise and safe-sex) and environmentalbehaviours (including recycling and the purchaseand use of low energy products). Particularemphasis was placed on the achievement ofvoluntary changes in behaviour through educationand marketing and by capitalising on social normsand trends rather than through compulsion.

UK Transport Research Centre (UKTRC) CapacityBuildingGrant Holder(s): G MarsdenFunded by: DfTDates: September 2009 - August 2014Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractUKTRC was established in 2009 as a £7.25mresearch centre by the Economic and SocialResearch Council (ESRC), the Department forTransport and Government Scotland. The aim ofthe Centre is to support top flight social scienceresearch and to bring new insights and evidence tobear on the UK’s transport policy issues. UKTRC isjointly operated by the University of Leeds,Imperial College London and University CollegeLondon. A key element of the UKTRC mission is todevelop a strong and sustainable inter-disciplinaryresearch base. This involves both attracting newpeople and perspectives into the field but alsoproviding opportunities to re-skill currentresearchers and practitioners in state-of-arttechniques and, to provide opportunities for thebroader social science community to learn fromleading techniques within the field of transportresearch. This element of UKTRC is being led byDr Marsden and includes a research studentshipprogramme, an annual summer school for researchstudents and early career researchers, a researchstudent network, training events and a visitingscholars programme. 2009 saw the launch of thefirst of two research studentships competitions.

Sustainability Performance Measures for StateDepartments of Transportation and OtherTransportation AgenciesGrant Holder(s): G MarsdenFunded by: National Cooperative HighwaysResearch Program (NCHRP)Dates: September 2009 - September 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis project is funded by the US NationalCooperative Highways Research Program. The aimis to develop guidance for state departments oftransportation (DOTs) and other transportationagencies to understand and apply concepts ofsustainability through performance measurementto enhance their planning, operations, anddecision-making. Specific goals include:conducting a comprehensive survey of availableliterature, current state of the practice, anddetailed case studies to gain a deeperunderstanding of how sustainability should beaddressed; defining a set of guiding principles ofsustainability and sustainability goals relevant totransportation agencies’ functions; developing aframework to address performance measures andoutcomes at different levels, thereby creating anorganized system for measuring the performance oftransportation with respect to sustainabilitycriteria; compiling the research findings in theform of a guidebook that would help transportationagencies incorporate performance measurementfor sustainability. The project is being coordinatedby the Texas Transportation Institute and ITS isproviding advice on performance measurementframework development and contributing to thecase study exercise with UK examples of howsustainability has been put into practice.

Value for Money of Small SchemesGrant Holder(s): C KellyInvestigator(s): J Nellthorp, B MatthewsFunded by: DfTDates: September 2009 – December 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYURL: www.its.leeds.ac.uk/aoss

AbstractThis research was funded by the Department forTransport, as part of work to improve the evidencebase on the Value for Money (VfM) of smalltransport improvement schemes (costing less than£5 million). It focused on the methodology andfeasibility of determining a robust Benefit CostRatio (BCR) calculation for these schemes. Twoheadline scheme categories of road safety andaccessibility were selected to focus on. In the UKschemes that target road safety and have thecommon goal of reducing accidents, tend to have agood data set available and robust methodology formonetising the key benefits based on the value ofprevention of an accident. In contrast theassessment of the VfM of schemes that have thekey goal of increasing accessibility has beenpatchy and an innovative methodology focusing oncalculating user benefits has been developed torealise the accessibility benefits. The developedmethodology was then applied to real local

authority case studies and is now available to localauthorities through a web based database that wasdeveloped at ITS. Phase 2 of the work has sincebeen funded, which expands on the number ofscheme types.

CFIT Public ExpenditureGrant Holder(s): G MarsdenFunded by: Commission for Integrated Transport(CfIT)Dates: October 2009 - November 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis project is seeking to examine the prospects forincreasing transport taxes and charges as acontribution to meeting the target set by allpolitical parties of greatly improving the publicfinance position going forward. The project looks atthe principles behind efficient taxes and charges,the options available in the short, medium andlong-term and the evidence for their effectiveness.The research is complete and will be published inspring 2010.

Supply of UK Local Bus ServicesGrant Holder(s): H MuirFunded by: Office of Fair Trading (OfT)Dates: 2009Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThe project involves using GIS to assess thecoverage of local bus operator networks and theextent of competition. The areas of networkcoverage for the main bus operators in the UK werecalculated. These were used to assess whetherfares are set according to network monopolies andpresence of competition.

Promoting Active Life-Long Mental Well-Being(PALM)Grant Holder(s): G MarsdenFunded by: Medical Research Council (MRC)Dates: December 2009 - March 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICY

AbstractThis research is part of a multi-disciplinaryconsortium which is reviewing the evidence basesurrounding interventions which can promote life-long well-being through more active and connectedlifestyles into older age. ITS is co-ordinating theenvironmental factors research area coveringissues including transport networks, socialnetworks, place and space and recreation.

Maternal Mortality and Emergency TransportGrant holder(s): F HodgsonFunded by: UK Department for InternationalDevelopment (DfID)Dates: October 2009 - April 2010Research Group: TRANSPORT POLICYCollaborative Partners: Aga Khan Health ServicesKenya and International Forum for Rural Transportand Development.

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AbstractThis project aims to understand the role oftransport in maternal mortality in Africa and thuscontribute to the international developmentaspirations expressed in the MillenniumDevelopment Goals ( MDGs). The project willproduce a systematic review of the research on therole of transport in maternal mortality and has todate designed the review and identified theappropriate sources and has to date establishedthat inadequate transport is currently estimated tocontribute directly to 34% of all maternal deathsand to contribute indirectly to 70% of all maternaldeaths. It also held a workshop in Nairobi, Kenya(November 2009) on this topic and the third goalof developing an network of practitioners andacademics across the sectors of transport andhealth one outcome of which has been to generatea proposal for the EU.

ABRANTES, P.; WARDMAN, M. R. (2009) Meta-Analysis of UK Values of Time: An Update. Paperpresented at AET European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, Netherlands, 5-7 October, 2009.

BALIJEPALLI, N. C.; NGODUY, D.; WATLING, D.P.(2009) Dynamic Traffic Assignment with a NewFlow Propagating Model Based on First OrderTraffic Flow Theory, International Conference onModels and Technologies for Intelligent TransportSystems, University of Rome, Italy, 22-23 June2009.

BALIJEPALLI, N. C.; SHEPHERD, S.P.; KANT, P.(2009) Integrating Car Park Location Choice withEquilibrium Assignment, 88th Annual Meeting ofthe Transportation Research Board, Washington,D.C., USA, 11-15 January 2009.

BATLEY, R.; WATLING, D.P.; IBANEZ, J.N. (2009)Developing an Approach to Modelling andAppraising Reliability that is Consistent AcrossModes. Paper presented at European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, 5-7 October 2009.

BELCHER, S.E.; ARNOLD, S.; BALOGEN, A.;BARLOW, J.; BRITTER, R.E.; CHENG, H.;DOBRE, A.; LINGARD, J.J.N.; MARTIN, D.;NEOPHYTOU, M.K.; PETERSSON, F.; ROBINS,A.; SHALLCROSS, D.E.; SMALLEY, R.; TATE, J.E.;TOMLIN, A.; WHITE, I.R.W.; WOOD, C.R. (2009)Pathways for dispersion in urban areas revealed bythe DAPPLE experiments., 89th AmericanMeteorological Society Annual Meeting - EighthSymposium on the Urban Environment, Phoenix,USA, 11-15 January 2009.

BONSALL, P.W. (2009) Think Piece 2: InfluencingOrganisations, Report from the Institute forTransport Studies, University of Leeds in partialfulfilment of DfT Contract PPRO04/06/33,www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/social/behaviour-changes/pdf/thinkpiece2.pdf

BONSALL, P.W. (2009) Do We Know Whether

Personal Travel Planning Really Works? Journal ofTransport Policy, 16 (6), pp.306-314.

BONSALL, P.W. (2009) Particular Problems to beOvercome when Seeking Data on SustainableTravel Behaviour (Paper 091233). 88th AnnualMeeting of the Transportation Research Board,Washington, January 2009.

BONSALL, P.W. (2009) Reducing the Curse ofCongestion. Contribution to Chapter 4 (Transport& Communications). Around Leeds - A City CentreReinvented, Stillwell J. & Unsworth R, 4, pp.77-78, U.O.L Press.

BONSALL, P.W. (2009) What is Special AboutSurveys Designed to Investigate the EnvironmentalSustainability of Travel Behaviour?, TransportSurvey Methods: Keeping Up with a ChangingWorld, Bonnel, P., Lee-Gosselin, M., Zmud, J., &Madre, J-L., 3, pp.23-45, Emerald Press.

BONSALL, P.W., CONNER, M. AND DARNTON, A.(2009) Thinkpiece 1:Influencing IndividualCitizens, Final Report from the Institute forTransport Studies, University of Leeds in partialfulfilment of DfT Contract PPRO04/06/33,www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/social/behaviour-changes/pdf/thinkpiece1.pdf

BONSALL, P. W.; LYTHGOE, W. (2009) ‘Factorsaffecting the amount of effort expended in makingbehavioural choices and the accuracy of underlyingcost estimates’, presented at the InternationalChoice Modelling Conference, Harrogate, UK,March 2009. www.icmconference.org.uk

BONSALL, P. W.; LYTHGOE, W. (2009) Factorsaffecting the amount of effort expended inresponding to questions in behavioural choiceexperiments, Journal of Choice Modelling 2(2),pp.99-119.

BONSALL, P.W.; MAHER, M.J. (2009) Co-introduction of charges on urban roads andmotorways in metropolitan areas: a model-basedinvestigation, Journal of European Transport, (43),pp.64-82.

BONSALL, P.W.; SCHADE, J.; ROESSGER, L.;LYTHGOE, W. (2009) Factors Affecting People’sEngagement with the Assessment of Road Chargesin an Experimental Setting, paper presented at theInternational Association for Travel BehaviourResearch (IATBR) Conference, Jaipur, India, 13 –18 December 2009.

BONSALL, P.W.; SHIRES J.D. (2009) Estimatingthe robustness of questionnaire results: lessonsfrom a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel,Transportation, 36, pp.47–64.

CACCIABUE, P.C.; CARSTEN, O.M.J.C. (2009) Asimple model of driver behaviour to sustain designand safety assessment of automated systems inautomotive environments. Applied Ergonomics,41, pp.187-197.

CAMPBELL, D.; HESS, S. (2009) Outlyingsensitivities in discrete choice data: causes,consequences and remedies. Paper presented atthe European Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

CAMPBELL, D.; HESS, S.; SCARPA, R.; ROSE,J.M. (2009) Using finite mixture models toaccommodate preference outliers in discretechoice modelling. Paper presented at the inauguralInternational Choice Modelling Conference,Harrogate, March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

CATTAN, M.; MARSDEN G.R.; WOODWARD, J.;JOPSON, A. (2009) Will anyone listen to me? Theolder traveller and transport planning, Access byDesign, 118, p31-36.

CAUSSADE, S.; HESS, S. (2009) An investigationinto air travellers willingness to pay for ancillaryservice attributes within a branded fare context.Paper presented at the European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

CHATTERJEE K.; BONSALL, P.W. (2009) SpecialIssue on Evaluation of programmes promotingvoluntary change in travel behaviour, Journal ofTransport Policy, 16 (6), pp.279-280.

CHINTAKAYALA, P.; HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M. (2009)Using second preference choices in pivot surveysas a means of dealing with inertia, paper presentedat the European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

CHINTAKAYALA, P.K.; HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M.;WARDMAN, M.R. (2009) Effects of stated choicedesign dimensions on estimates, paper presentedat the inaugural International Choice ModellingConference, Harrogate, March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

CHISHOLM, A.; JONES, T.; HARWATT, H.;JOPSON, A.; TIGHT, M.R.; HORTON, D.; POOLEY,C.; SCHELDEMAN, G. (2009) Exploring the roleof the built environment in household decisionmaking about urban walking and cycling'.Presented at the Environment, Well Being andHealthy Lifestyle 2009 conference, University ofStaffordshire, October 2009.

CHORLTON, K.; HESS, S.; JAMSON, S.L.;WARDMAN, M.R. (2009) An investigation into thedemand for Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA)systems in the United Kingdom, paper presentedat the European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

CLARK, S.D. (2009) Characterising and predictingcar ownership using rough sets. TransportationResearch Part C: Emerging Technologies. Elsevier,DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2009.01.006.

CLARK, S.D. (2009) The determinants of car

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ownership in England and Wales from anonymous2001 census data, Transportation Research SeriesC, 17, pp.526-540, Elsevier, DOI:10.1016/j.trc.2009.04.004.

CLARK, A.; CONNORS, R.; SUMALEE, A.;SHEPHERD, S.P. (2009) On the existence anduniqueness of first best tolls in networks withmultiple user classes and elastic demand.Transportmetrica Volume 5 (2) pp.141-157, DOI:10.1080/18128600802673281.

COLLINS, A.T.; ROSE, J.M.; HESS, S. (2009)Search based internet surveys: airline statedchoice, paper presented at the 88th AnnualMeeting of the Transportation Research Board,Washington, January 2009.

CONNORS, R.D.; SUMALEE, A. (2009) A networkequilibrium model with travellers' perception ofstochastic travel times, Transportation Research B-Meth, 6, 43, pp.614-624, DOI:10.1016/j.trb.2008.12.002.

CONNORS, R.D.; WATLING, D.P. (2009) ASmoothing Approach to the Wardrop TrafficEquilibrium Problem, Universities’ Transport StudyGroup (UTSG) Annual Conference, London, UK,5-7 January 2009.

DALY, A.; CARRASCO, J. (2009) The influence oftrip length on marginal time and money values, inThe Expanding Sphere of Travel BehaviourResearch: Selected papers from the proceedings ofthe 11th Conference on Travel BehaviourResearch, Kitamura, R. et al. (eds.), EmeraldBooks.

DALY, A.; HESS, S.; TRAIN, K. (2009) AssuringFinite Moments For Willingness To Pay In RandomCoefficient Models, paper presented at theEuropean Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

DALY, A.; TSANG, F. (2009) Improvingunderstanding of choice experiments to estimatevalues of time, presented to European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

DAVE, K. (2009) Is Cost Effect Analysis Alone AGood Tool to Evaluate Environmental Impacts? AComparison of Submerged forest andCompensatory Plantations from the Sardar SarovarDam, Environmental Growth: A Global Perspective,Malhotra G. Macmillan Publishers.

DAVE, K.; TONER, J.P.; CHEN, H. (2009)Examining the Effect of Attribute Representationon Preference Uncertainty, International choiceModelling Conference, Harrogate, March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

DAWSON, R.; HALL, J.; BARR, S.; BATTY, M.;BRISTOW, A.L.; CARNEY, S.; DAGOUMAS, A.;EVANS, S.; FORD, A.; HARWATT, H.; KOHLER, J.;TIGHT, M.R.; WALSH, C.; ZANNI, A. (2009) Ablueprint for the integrated assessment of climatechange in cities. In Tang, K. (2009) Green

CITYnomics: the urban war against climatechange. Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield.

DE JONG, G C.; KITAMURA, R. (2009) A review ofhousehold dynamic vehicle ownership models:holdings models versus transactions models.Transportation Research. DOI 10.1007/s11116-009-9243-7, Reprint of article from 1992,www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s11116-009-9243-7.

DE JONG, G. C.; KOUWENHOVEN, M.; GEURS,K.; BUCCI, P.; TUINENGA, J.G. (2009) Theimpact of fixed and variable costs on householdcar ownership. Journal of Choice Modelling, (2)2,pp.173-199.

DE JONG, G.C.; KOUWENHOVEN, M.; KROES,E.P.; RIETVELD, P.; WARFFEMIUS, P. (2009)Preliminary monetary values for the reliability oftravel times in freight transport, European Journalof Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2, 9,pp.83-99, EJTIR, www.ejtir.tbm.tudelft.nl.

DE JONG, G.C.; SHIRES, J.D. (2009) Aninternational meta-analysis of values of time.Evaluation and Program Planning, 32-4, pp.315-325.

DOCHERTY, I.; MACKIE, P.J. (2010) Planning forTransport in the Wake of Stern and Eddington,Regional Studies, 1, 99999, 1, 12, DOI:10.1080/00343400902736550.

FIRMIN, P. E. (2009) Social Acceptability Issuesof Personal Rapid Transport Systems, PRT@LHRConference, Academy Conference CentreHeathrow, London, UK, 21-23 Apr 2009.

FOSGERAU, M.; HESS, S. (2009) A comparisonof methods for representing random tasteheterogeneity in discrete choice models, EuropeanTransport 42, pp. 1-25.

FOX, J.; DALY, A.; PATRUNI, B. (2009) Improvingthe treatment of cost in large-scale models,presented to European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

FRICK, K.; MARSDEN, G.R.; MAY, A.D.; DEAKIN,E. (2009) How do cities approach sustainabletransport policy innovation and policy learning?Implications for Policy, Practice and Academia.Paper presented at Association of CollegiateSchools of Planning Conference, Virginia, USA, 1-4 October 2009.

GÜHNEMANN, A. (2009) Multi-Criteria Analysis,CityMobil City Application Manual, TML, 9, pp.65-73, CityMobil project, August 2009.www.citymobil-project.eu

GÜHNEMANN, A. (2009) Policy Conclusions fromASSET - Putting Transport Sensitive Areas intoPractice, ASSET Final Conference, Brussels,Belgium, 30 November 2009.

GÜHNEMANN, A.; KOH, A.; KIMBLE, M.G.;

CHERNYAVSKA, L. (2009) AssessingSensitiveness to Transport (ASSET) Case Study:Trans-Pennine Corridor. www.asset-eu.org

GÜHNEMANN, A.; KOH, A.; KIMBLE, M.;CHERNYAVS'KA, L.; SHEPHERD, S.P. (2009)Implications of Interdependencies betweenCharging Strategies of Local Authorities for theProtection of Sensitive Ares in the Trans-PennineCorridor, 8th Conference on Applied InfrastructureResearch, Berlin, Germany, 9-10 October 2009.

GYARMATI-SZABO, J.; CHEN, H.; BOGACHEV, L.(2009) Modelling the Correlation of Roadside AirPollution With Traffic Regimes and MeteorologicalConditions Using the PLS Regression, The 7thInternational Conference on Air Quality - Scienceand Application, Istanbul, Turkey, 24-27 March2009.

GYARMATI-SZABO, J.; CHEN, H.; BOGACHEV, L.(2009) Multivariate Extreme Value Modelling ofAir Pollution Concentrations and Analysis of Trafficand Meteorological Impact, 88th Annual Meetingof the Transportation Research Board, Washington,January 2009.

HALL, J.W.; DAWSON, R.J.; WALSH, C.L.;BARKER, T.; BARR, S.L.; BATTY, M.; BRISTOW,A.L.; BURTON, A.; CARNEY, S.; DAGOUMAS, A.;EVANS, S.; FORD, A.C.; GLENIS, V.; GOODESS,C.G.; HARPHAM, C.; HARWATT, H.; KILSBY, C.;KOHLER, J.; JONES, P.; MANNING, L.;MCCARTHY, M.; SANDERSON, M.; TIGHT, M.R.;TIMMS, P.M.; ZANNI, A.M. (2009) Engineeringcities: how can cities grow whilst reducingemissions and vulnerability? Newcastle UniversityISBN 978-007017-0225-0.

HANAOKA, S.; QADIR, F.M. (2009) Passengers'Perceptions and Effects of Bus-Holding Strategyusing Automatic Vehicle Location Technology, JADV TRANSPORT, 3, 43, pp.301-319.

HESS, S. (2009) Evidence of passengerpreferences for specific types of airports, paperpresented at the 88th Annual Meeting of theTransportation Research Board, Washington,January 2009.

HESS, S.; ADLER, T. (2009) An analysis of trendsin air travel behaviour using four related SPdatasets collected between 2000 and 2005.Paper presented at the European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

HESS, S.; BEN-AKIVA, M.; GOPINATH, D.;WALKER, J. (2009) Taste heterogeneity,correlation and elasticities in latent class choicemodels, paper presented at the 88th AnnualMeeting of the Transportation Research Board,Washington, January 2009.

HESS, S.; BEN-AKIVA, M.; GOPINATH, D.;WALKER, J. (2009) Taste heterogeneity,correlation and elasticities in latent class choicemodels. Paper presented at the inauguralInternational Choice Modelling Conference,

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Harrogate, March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

HESS, S.; DALY, A. (2009) Calculating errors formeasures derived from choice modellingestimates, paper presented at the 88th AnnualMeeting of the Transportation Research Board,Washington, January 2009.

HESS, S.; FOWLER, M.; ADLER, T.;BAHREINIAN, A. (2009) A joint model for vehicletype and fuel type. Paper presented at theEuropean Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

HESS, S.; HENSHER, D.A. (2009) Usingconditioning on observed choices to retrieveindividual-specific attribute processing strategies,paper presented at the 88th Annual Meeting of theTransportation Research Board, Washington,January 2009.

HESS, S.; POLAK, J.W. (2009) Mixed LogitModelling of Parking Type Choice Behaviour, inBrian Sloboda (ed), Transportation Statistics, J.D.Ross Publishing, pp.77-102.

HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M. (2009) Allowing for intra-respondent variations in coefficients estimated onstated preference data, Transportation Research B,43(6), pp.708-719.

HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M. (2009) Should referencealternatives in pivot design SC surveys be treateddifferently?, paper presented at the 88th AnnualMeeting of the Transportation Research Board,Washington, January 2009.

HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M. (2009) Some lessons instated choice survey design. Paper presented atthe European Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

HESS, S.; ROSE, J.M.; BAIN, S. (2009) Randomscale heterogeneity in discrete choice models.Paper presented at the European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

HOLGUÍN-VERAS, J.; XU, N.; DE JONG, G.C.;MAURER, H. (2009) An Experimental EconomicsInvestigation of Shipper-carrier Interactions in theChoice of Mode and Shipment Size in FreightTransport, Networks and Spatial EconomicsSpringer Netherlands. DOI: 10.1007/s11067-009-9107-x.

JAMSON, A.H.; MERAT, N. (2009) Can Low CostRoad Engineering Measures Combat DriverFatigue? A Driving Simulator Investigation. Paperpresented at the 5th International DrivingSymposium on Human Factors in DriverAssessment, Training, and Vehicle Design, Big Sky,Montana, USA, 22-25 June 2009.

JAMSON, S.L.; CHORLTON, K. (2009) Thechanging nature of motorcycling: Patterns of useand rider characteristics. Transportation ResearchPart F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 4, 12,

pp.335,-346, Elsevier Ltd, DOI:10.1016/j.trf.2009.04.002.

JOHNSON, D., ABRANTES, P., WARDMAN, M.R,CHADWICK, N.; ALBANESE, L. (2009) Analysis ofQuantitative Research on Quality Attributes forTrams. Paper presented at the European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

JONES, P.; KELLY, C E.; MAY, A.D.; CINDERBY, S.(2009) Innovative Approaches to OptionGeneration, European Journal of Transport andInfrastructure Research, 3, 9.

KNOWLES, J.;ADAMS, S.; CUERDEN, R.; SAVILL,T.; REID, S.; TIGHT, M.R. (2009) Collisionsinvolving pedal cyclists on Britain's roads:establishing the causes. TRL report PPR445,Crowthorne, Berkshire.

KNOWLES, J.; ADAMS, S.; CUERDEN, R.;SAVILL, T.; REID, S.; TIGHT, M.R. (2009)Technical Annex to PPR445 - Collisions involvingpedal cyclists on Britain's roads: establishing thecauses. TRL report PPR445 Technical Annex,Crowthorne, Berkshire.

KOH A.T.M. (2009) A Coevolutionary ParticleSwarm Algorithm for BiLevel VariationalInequalities: Applications to Competition inHighway Transportation Networks. Chiong R,Dhakal S (eds) Natural Intelligence for Scheduling,Planning & Packing Problems Springer Studies inComputational Intelligence Volume 250, Berlin:Springer Verlag pp.195-217http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04039-9_8

KOH, A. T. M. (2009) An Adaptive DifferentialEvolution Algorithm Applied to Highway NetworkCapacity Optimisation, Applications of SoftComputing: Updating the State of the Art, Avineri,E., Koppen, M., Dahal, K., Sunitiyoso, Y., Roy, R.,Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 52,pp.211-220, Springer Verlag.

KOH, A.T.M.; SHEPHERD, S.P.; SUMALEE, A.(2009) Second best toll and capacity optimisationin networks: solution algorithm and policyimplications. Transportation, 2, 36, pp.147-165,Springer, www.springer.com, DOI:10.1007/s11116-009-9187-y.

LAI, F. (2009) Education in lieu of enforcement –how does it work? Paper presented at the 22ndAnnual Conference of International Co-operationon Theories and Concepts in Traffic Safety, Leeds,UK, 22-23 October 2009.

LAIRD, J.J. (2009) Transport welfare benefits inthe presence of an income effect. Paper presentedat the European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

LAIRD, J.J. (2009) Transport welfare benefits inthe presence of an income effect. Paper presentedat International Choice Modelling Conference,Harrogate, 30 March. www.icmconference.org.uk

LAIRD, J.J. (2009) Wider economic impacts inremote rural areas in Scotland. Paper presented atthe European Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

LAIRD, J.J.; GEURS, K.; NASH, C.A. (2009)Option and non-use values and rail appraisal.Transport Policy, 16, pp.173-182.

LIU, S.; CHEN, H.; BIRKIN, M.; MAO, B.; GUO, J.(2009) Assessment of the Transport Policy Effecton CO2 Emissions Using a System DynamicModel, The 7th International Conference on AirQuality - Science and Application, Istanbul, March2009.

MACKIE, P.J.; COCHRANE, R. (2009) Planning,Appraisal and Funding for Strategic TransportProjects, Transport for a Global Economy. Paperpresented at International Transport Forum,Leipzig, Germany, 26-29 May 2009.

MAHER, M.J.; MOUNTAIN, L.J. (2009) Thesensitivity of estimates of regression to the mean.Accident Analysis & Prevention, 4, 41, pp.861-868, Science Direct, www.elsevier.com/locate/aap,DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.020.

MARSDEN, G. (2009) Impacts of performancemanagement on transport planning organizations:Evidence from England, Transportation ResearchRecord, 2119, 105-112 DOI: 10.3141/2119-13

MARSDEN, G. (2009) Using Deliberative Methodsto Understand Travel Choices in the context ofClimate Change. Transportation Research Record,2135, 114-122 DOI: 10.3141/2135-14

MARSDEN, G.; BONSALL, P. (2009) Thinkpiece3: What Works for Engaging Local DeliveryPartners in Delivering Behaviour ChangeInterventions? Final report from the Institute forTransport Studies, University of Leeds in partialfulfilment of DfT Contract PPRO04/06/33,www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/social/behaviour-changes/pdf/thinkpiece3.pdf

MARSDEN, G.; KELLY, C.; NELLTHORP, J. (2009)The likely impacts of target setting andperformance rewards in local transport, TransportPolicy, 16 (2), 55-97, DOI:10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.03.003.

MARSDEN, G.; KIMBLE, M.; JOPSON, A.;HARWATT, H.; KING, S. (2009) What does thepublic want to know about climate change andwhat difference does it make? Paper presented atTransport Practitioners Annual Meeting - Ideas andReality, Reading, UK, 13-15 July 2009.

MARSDEN, G.; KIMBLE, M.; NELLTHORP, J.;KELLY, C. (2009) Sustainability Appraisal: Thedefinition deficit. International Journal ofSustainable Transport, 4 (4), pp.1-23.

MARSDEN, G.; SNELL, C. (2009) The role ofindicators, targets and monitoring in decision-support for transport. European Journal of

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Transport Infrastructure Research, 9(3), pp.219-236, www.ejtir.tbm.tudelft.nl.

MATTHEWS, B., EVANGELINOS, C., JOHNSON,D., MEUNIER, D. (2009) Impacts and incentivesof differentiated rail infrastructure charges inEurope -focus on freight, European Transport \Trasporti Europei no. 43, pp.83-112.

MAY, A.D.; GÜHNEMANN A.; MARSDEN G.;BINSTED A.; SAKAMOTO K. (2009) Currentpractice in the financing of urban transport. In:VREF (Volvo Research & Educational Foundations)(2009) Design Criteria for Urban Transport –Commissioned Papers. 4th InternationalConference on Future Urban Transport,Gothenborg, Sweden, 19- 21 April 2009.

MAY, A.D.; MUIR, H. (2009) Key messages onPRT from the CityMobil Project. Paper presentedat PRT@LHR Conference, London, April 2009.

MAY, A.D.; MUIR, H. (2009) Personal rapidtransit: the role of new technologies in urbantransport. Singapore Land Transport AuthorityAcademy & Tsinghua University Joint Seminar.Green Urban Transport for China 2009, Beijing,China, 2 – 3 September 2009.

MERAT, N. (2009) Low cost engineering measuresto reduce fatigue-related accidents. Departmentfor Transport Behavioural Seminar Series, 30March - 1 April 2009.

MERAT, N.; JAMSON, A. H. (2009) How do driversbehave in a highly automated car? Proceedings ofthe Fifth International Driving Symposium onHuman Factor in Driver Assessment, Training andVehicle Design, Montana, USA, 22-25 June 2009.

MERAT, N.; JAMSON, A.H. (2009). Is Drivers’Situation Awareness Influenced by a FullyAutomated Driving Scenario? In D. de Waard, J.Godthelp, F.L. Kooi, and K.A. Brookhuis (Eds.)Human Factors, Security and Safety (pp. 1 - 11).Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker Publishing.

MERKERT, R.; SMITH, A.S.J.; NASH, C.A. (2009)Benchmarking of Train Operating Firms - ATransaction Cost Efficiency Analysis, Journal ofTransportation Planning and Technology, 33, (1),pp.1-25, Informaworld.

MUIR, H.; JEFFERY, D.; MAY, A.D.; TRIPODI, A.;SHEPHERD, S.P.; VAA, T. (2009) Assessing thecontribution and feasibility of a city wide personalrapid transit system. Paper presented at 88thAnnual Transportation Research Board Meeting,Washington, January 2009.

MUIR. H.; JEFFERY, D.; MAY A.D.; TRIPODI, A.;SHEPHERD S.P.; VAA, T. (2009) Assessing thecontribution and feasibility of a city wide personalrapid transit system. Transportation ResearchRecord 2110 (1), pp.163-170.

MUIR, H.; MAY, A.D. (2009) Modelling andsimulation in the CityMobil project. Paper

presented at PRT@LHR Conference, London, April2009.

NAKAYAMA, S.; CONNORS, R.D.; WATLING, D. P.(2009) Estimation of Parameters of NetworkEquilibrium Models: A Maximum LikelihoodMethod and Statistical Properties of Network Flow.In: Transportation & Traffic Theory 2009: GoldenJubilee. Editors: W.H.K. Lam, S.C. Wong & H.K.Lo. pp. 39-56. Springer Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-4419-0819.3. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0820-9.

NASH, C. A. (2009) Die Privatisierung offentlicherVerkehrsvertriebe am Beispiel Grossbritanniens,Die Zukunft des offentilichenPersonennahverkehrs. Michael Rodi, pp.179-192.www.Lexxion.de, 2009.

NASH, C.A. (2009) Passenger Railway Reform inthe Last 20 Years - European ExperienceConsidered, Research in TransportationEconomics, 1, 22, pp.61-70.

NASH, C.A. (2009), Rail Reform in Europe -European Policy and Progress, Competition in theRail Industry, Gines de Rus, Jose Gomez-Ibanez,Competition in the Rail Industry.

NASH, C.A.; LAIRD, J J. (2009) Cost–BenefitAnalysis in Transport: Recent Developments in RailProject Appraisal in Britain. Handbook OfResearch On Cost–Benefit Analysis, Brent, R.J. 5,pp.110- 142, Edward Elgar.

NASH, C.A.; MATTHEWS, B. (2009) EuropeanTransport Policy: Progress and Prospects, 1, 41,The Community of European Railways, andInfrastructure Companies (CER)www.cer.be/index.php?option=com_publications&task=view&id=1954&Itemid=62.

NGODUY, D. (2009) Macroscopic effects of multi-anticipative driving behavior on traffic flowcharacteristics. Transportation Research Record,2124, pp.103-112, DOI: 10.3141/2124-10.

NGODUY, D. (2009) Macroscopic effects ofreaction time on traffic flow characteristics,Physica Scripta, 80, 025802, 025809, DOI:10.1088/0031-8949/80/02/025802.

NGODUY, D. (2009) Multiclass first ordermodelling of traffic networks using discontinuousflow-density relationships. Transportmetrica, (6),pp. 121-141 DOI:10.1080/18128600902857925.

NGODUY, D. (2009) Phase diagram of trafficstates in the presence of adaptive cruise controlvehicles, Proceedings of the InternationalConference on Models and Technologies forIntelligent Transportation Systems, Roma, Italy,ISBN: 978-88-548-3025.

NGODUY, D.; HOOGENDOORN, S.P.; LIU, R.(2009) Continuum modelling of cooperative trafficflow dynamics, Physica A, 13, 388, pp.2705-

2716, DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2009.02.040.

PAGE, M.C. (2009) Is climate change being takenseriously enough by transport professionals?,comment piece suggesting "No", TransportationProfessional, Institution of Highways andTransportation, December 2009, p8.

PAGE, M.C. (2009) The Evolving PassengerTransport Landscape – Challenges andOpportunities, article for GoSkills, Sector SkillsCouncil for Passenger Transport, November 2009.

PAGE, M.C.; KELLY, C.; MAY, A.D.; JONES, P.;FORRESTER, J. (2009) Enhancing AppraisalMethods to Support Sustainable Transport andLand Use Policies, European Journal of Transportand Infrastructure Research, Vol. 3,(9), pp.296-313, TUdelft, www.ejtir.tbm.tudelft.nl. (ISSN:1567-7141).

POOLEY, C.; CHISHOLM, A.; HARWATT, H.;HORTON, D.; JONES, T.; TIGHT, M.R.;SCHELDEMANN, G.; JOPSON, A.F. (2009)Understanding walking and cycling: householddecision making for everyday travel. Presented atthe IBG Annual Conference, Royal GeographicalSociety, Manchester, UK, 26-28 August 2009.

QADIR, F.M.; WATLING, D.P.; CONNORS, R.D.(2009). Numerical Experiments to IdentifyImpacts of Risk and Uncertainty in a TrafficNetwork Equilibrium Model. Paper presented at88th Annual Meeting of Transportation ResearchBoard (TRB), Washington, January 2009.

ROHR, C.; DALY, A.; PATRUNI, B.; TSANG, F.(2009) The importance of frequency anddestination choice effects in long-distance travelbehaviour: what choice models can tell us,presented at the International Choice ModellingConference, Harrogate, March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

ROPKINS, K. (2009) Suggestions for theVisualization, Analysis and Comparison of PortableEmissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) Data.19th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop,San Diego, California, USA, 23-25 March, 2009.

ROPKINS, K.; BEEBE, J.; LI, H.; DAHAM, B.;TATE, J.E.; BELL, M.C.; ANDREWS, G, (2009)Real-World Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Monitoring:Review and Critical Discussion, CRIT REV ENV SCITEC, 2, 39, pp.79-152, DOI:10.1080/10643380701413377.

ROPKINS, K.; CARSLAW, D.C.; GOODMAN, P.S.;TATE, J.E. (2009) Application of non-linear time-alignment and integration methods toenvironmental time series (vol. 28, pg 373,2009), TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM, 7, 28,pp.923, DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2009.04.007.

ROPKINS, K.; LI, H.; HAWLEY, G.; CHEN, H.B.;TATE, J.E.; ANDREWS, G.; BELL, M.C. (2009)Robust surrogate measurement correction usinggeneralised additive model, CHEMOMETR INTELL

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LAB, 2, 95, pp.164-169, DOI:10.1016/j.chemolab.2008.10.005.

ROSE, J.; BLIEMER, M.; HESS, S.; DALY, A.(2009) The impact of varying the number ofrepeated choice observations on the mixedmultinomial logit model, presented to EuropeanTransport Conference, Leeuwenhorst, October2009.

ROSE, J.M.; HESS, S. (2009) Dual responsechoices in pivoted stated choice experiments.Paper presented at the 88th Annual Meeting of theTransportation Research Board, Washington,January 2009.

ROSE, J.M.; HESS, S. (2009) Dual responsechoices in pivoted stated choice experiments,Transportation Research Record 2135, pp.25-33.

ROSE, J.M.; HESS, S.; BLIEMER, M.; DALY, A.(2009) The impact of varying the number ofrepeated choice observations on the mixedmultinomial logit model. Paper presented at theEuropean Transport Conference, Leeuwenhorst,October 2009.

SHALLCROSS, D.E.; MARTIN, D.; PRICE, C.S.;NICKLESS, G.; WHITE, I.R.; PETERSSON, F.;BRITTER, R.E.; NEOPHYTOU, M.K.; TATE, J.E.;TOMLIN, A.S.; BELCHER, S.E.; BARLOW, J.F.;ROBINS, A. (2009) Short-range urban dispersionexperiments using fixed and moving sources,ATMOS SCI LETT, 2, 10, pp.59-65, DOI:10.1002/asl.211.

SHELDON, R.; HEYWOOD, C.; CHINTAKAYALA, P.K.; HORRELL, C.; RAKOFF, H.; HAWKER, L.(2009) Road Network Management StatedPreference Survey, European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

SHEN, S.; FOWKES, A.S.; JOHNSON, D.;WHITEING, A.E. (2009) Combination Forecasts ofUK Outbound Tourism Demand. Refereed paperpresented at the 29th International Symposium onForecasting, Hong Kong, 22 -24 June 2009.

SHEN, S.; FOWKES, A.S.; JOHNSON, D.;WHITEING, A.E. (2009) Forecasting Great BritainRoad Freight Demand with Univariate Time SeriesModels. Refereed paper presented at the 41stAnnual UTSG Conference, London, January 2009.

SHEN, S.; FOWKES, A.S.; WHITEING, A.E.;JOHNSON, D. (2009). Econometric Modelling andForecasting of Freight Transport Demand in GreatBritain, European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

SHEN, S.; LI, G.; SONG, H. (2009). Is the TimeVarying Parameter Model Favourable for TourismDemand Forecasting: Statistical Evidence, in Á.Matias, P. Nijkamp, and P. Neto, (eds.) Advancesin Tourism Economics, New York: Springer-Verlag.

SHEN, S.; SONG, H.; LI, G. (2009) Effect ofSeasonality Treatment on the Forecasting

Performance of Tourism Demand Models, TourismEconomics, 15(4), pp.693-708.

SHEPHERD, S.P.; KOH, A.; BALIJEPALLI, N.C.;LIU, R.; PFAFFENBICHLER, P.; EMBERGER, G.;ASH, A. (2009) Overcoming barriers to model use.EJITR 9(3), September 2009, pp.277-295.

SHEPHERD, S.P.; MUIR, H. (2009) D2.3.2Strategic Modelling Results, Summary of resultsacross four cities. Deliverable 2.3.2, Sub-Project2, CityMobil Project (www.citymobil-project.eu/)

SHIRES, J.D.; DE JONG, G.C. (2009) Aninternational meta-analysis of values of travel timesavings. Evaluation Program Planning, 4, 32,pp.315-325,www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=19679355&query_hl=1, DOI:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.06.010.

SHIRES, J.D.; WARDMAN, M.R. (2009) DemandImpacts of Bus Quality Improvements. Paperpresented at the European Transport Conference,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

SIRIVADIDURAGE, S.; GORDON, A.; WHITE, C.;WATLING, D.P. (2009) Forecasting day to dayvariability on the UK motorway network, EuropeanTransport Conference, Leeuwenhorst, October2009.

SMITH, A.S.J.; MERKERT, R.; NASH, C.A.(2009) The effects of institutional, environmentaland transactional factors on European trainoperating company efficiency – A Tobit regressionapproach based on DEA efficiency scores.European Transport Conference 2009,Leeuwenhorst, October 2009.

SMITH, A.S.J.; NASH, C.A.; WHEAT, P. (2009)Passenger Rail Franchising in Britain: has it Beena Success? International Journal of TransportEconomics, 1, 36, pp.33-62, Libraweb.

SMITH, A.; WHEAT, P.E. (2009) The Effect ofFranchising on Cost Efficiency: Evidence from thePassenger Rail Sector in Britain, 11th Conferenceon Competition and Ownership in Land PassengerTransport, Delft University of Technology,Netherlands, 20-25 September 2009.

SMITH, A.; WHEAT, P.E.; SMITH, G. (2009) Therole of international benchmarking in developingrail infrastructure efficiency estimates. Paperpresented to the Centre for Competition andRegulatory Policy Workshop, London, UK, 23January 2009.

SMITH, A.S.J.; WHEAT, P.E.; SMITH, G. (2009)The Role of International Benchmarking inDeveloping Rail Infrastructure EfficiencyEstimates, Utilities Policy, Elsevier.www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09571787

SUMALEE, A.; CONNORS, R. D.; LUATHEP, P.(2009) Network Equilibrium under Cumulative

Prospect Theory and Endogenous StochasticDemand and Supply, ISTTT: Golden Jubilee,William H. K. Lam, S. C. Wong, Hong K. Lo. pp.19- 38. Springer Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-4419-0819.3. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0820-9.

SUMALEE, A.; LUATHEP, P.; LAM, W.H.K.;CONNORS, R.D. (2009) Evaluation and Design ofTransport Network Capacity Under DemandUncertainty, Transportation Research Record, 17,28, DOI: 10.3141/2090-03.

SUMALEE, A.; SHEPHERD, S.P.; MAY, A.D.(2009) Road User Charging Design: Dealing withMulti-objectives and Constraints. TransportationVolume 36 (2) pp.167-186, DOI:10.1007/s11116-009-9197-9.

TATE, J. E.; ROPKINS, K.; GOODMAN, P.S.;OATES, C.; CHEN, H.; BELL, M.C.; TOMLIN, A.S.;BALOGUN, A.; SMALLEY, R. (2009) Theinfluence of traffic congestion, synoptic and in-street winds on nitrogen dioxide concentrationsaround a congested intersection: a measurementstudy, 7th International Conference on Air Quality -Science and Application (Air Quality 2009),Istanbul, 24-27 March 2009.

THOMOPOULOS, N.; GRANT-MULLER, S.;TIGHT, M.R. (2009) Incorporating equityconsiderations in transport infrastructureevaluation: Current practice and a proposedmethodology. Evaluation Program Planning, Vol.32 (4), pp.351-359, DOI:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.06.013.

TIGHT, M.R. (2009) Role of cycling, current trendsand vision for 2030 in the UK. Presented at theInternational Symposium on Cycling Towards aSustainable City, Incheon City, Korea, 23-24September 2009.

TIGHT, M.R.; BANISTER, D.; DAY, A.;DRINKWATER, D.; GIVONI, M.; GÜHNEMANN,A.; KIMBLE, M.;MACMILLAN, J.; MILES, A.;MOORE, N.; NEWTON, E.; NGODUY, D.; TIMMS,P.M.; WATLING, D.P. (2009) Visions of walkingand cycling in 2030., Proceedings of the Walk21Conference, New York, USA, 6-8 October 2009.

TIGHT, M. R.; BANISTER, D.; DAY, A.;DRINKWATER, D.; GIVONI, M.; GUHNEMANN,A.; KIMBLE, M.; MACMILLEN, J.; MILES, A.;MOORE, N.; NEWTON, E.; NGODUY, D.; TIMMS,P.; WATLING, D. (2009) Visions of Walking andCycling in 2030. Presented at the IBG AnnualConference, Royal Geographical Society,Manchester, UK, 28-29 August 2009.

TOMLIN, A.S.; SMALLEY, R.J.; TATE, J.E.;BARLOW, J.F.; BELCHER, S.E.; ARNOLD, S.J.;DOBRE, A.; ROBINS, A. (2009) A field study offactors influencing the concentrations of a traffic-related pollutant in the vicinity of a complex urbanjunction, Atmospheric Environment, 1, 11,Elsevier, www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.047.

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TSENG, Y.Y.; VERHOEF, E.; DE JONG, G.C.;KOUWENHOVEN, M.; VAN DER HOORN, T.(2009) A pilot study into the perception ofunreliability of travel times using in-depthinterviews, Journal of Choice Modelling, 1, 2,pp.8-28.

WARDMAN, M.R.; IBANEZ, J.N. (2009) TestingContextual and Design Effects on Inter-UrbanMotorists' responses to Travel Time Savings, Paperpresented at the International Choice ModellingConference, Harrogate, 30 March 2009.www.icmconference.org.uk

WARDMAN, M.R.; IBANEZ, J.N.; PAGAN, J.(2009) Variations in Motorists' Evaluations ofTravel Time with Traffic Conditions. Paperpresented at Transportation Research BoardAnnual Meeting, Washington, 11-15 January2009.

WATLING, D.P.; MILNE, D.S. (2009) Empiricalinvestigation of the validity of the traffic networkequilibrium paradigm, European TransportConference, Leeuwenhorst, 5-7 October 2009.

WHEAT, P.E.; SMITH, A. (2009) An InternationalEfficiency Comparison of Rail InfrastructureManagers: An Analysis Utilising Sub-Companydata and a Dual Level Inefficiency Model, 11thEuropean Workshop on Efficiency and ProductivityAnalysis, Pisa, Italy, 23-26 June 2009.

WHITEING, A.E.; MENACHOF, D.A.; GIBSON,B.J.; HANNA, J.B. An Analysis of the Value ofSupply Chain Management Periodicals.International Journal of Physical Distribution andLogistics Management, 2, 39, pp.145-165,Emerald, DOI: 10.1108/09600030910942403.

WHITEING, A.E.; RODRIGUES, V.S.; COWBURN,J.; POTTER, A.; NAIM, M.M. (2009) Defining‘extra distance’ as a tool to evaluate road transportperformance. International Symposium onLogistics (ISL), Istanbul, Turkey, 5-8 July 2009.

WOOD, C.R.; ARNOLD, S.J.; BALOGUN, A.A.;BARLOW, J.F.; BELCHER, S.E.; BRITTER, R.E.;CHENG, H.; DOBRE, A.; LINGARD, J.J.N.;MARTIN, D.; NEOPHYTOU, M.K.; PETERSSON,F.K.; ROBINS, A.G.; SHALLCROSS, D.E.;SMALLEY, R.J.; TATE, J.E.; TOMLIN, A.S.;WHITE, I.R. (2009). Dispersion experiments incentral London The 2007 Dapple Project, B AMMeteorological Society, 7, 90, pp.955-970, DOI:10.1175/2009BAMS2638.1.

ZHANG, J.; DALY, A. (2009), Group BehaviourModelling, in The Expanding Sphere of TravelBehaviour Research: Selected papers from theproceedings of the 11th Conference on TravelBehaviour Research, Kitamura, R. et al. (eds.),Emerald Books.

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