2009 ACSI SS Prelims With Answers

8/3/2019 2009 ACSI SS Prelims With Answers

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Anglo - Chinese School(Independent)

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2009

YEAR FOUR (EXPRESS)

COMBINED HUMANITIES

SOCIAL STUDIES 2192/1

Friday 4 September 2009 1h 30 min

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Section A is COMPULSORY. You must answer all parts of Question 1.

Answer only ONE question from Section B.

Write your answers on the writing paper provided.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks for each part-question is given in brackets [ ].________________________________________________________________

This question paper consists of 6 printed pages including the cover page.


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Has the Singapore government been successful in increasing Singapores

population?

Background Information

In 1966, the Singapore government set up the Singapore Family Planning andPopulation Board to control population growth. The Board provided clinical services andpublic education on family planning. Throughout the 1970s, Singapore experienced low-birth rates and by the 1980s, the government became concerned about the low rate ofpopulation growth and revamped its family planning programme by offering newpackage of incentives to persuade married couples to have more babies.

In 2001, the Baby Bonus scheme was introduced, with improvements made in August2004 and August 2008. The objective of this scheme is to improve the fertility rate byproviding cash incentives, with the hope of reducing the financial burden of raising

children and thereby encouraging married couples to have more children.

How effective has the Singapore Government been in increasing Singaporespopulation?

Source A: A table from Singapore Department of Statistics, published in 2008.

Actual (000) Average Annual Growth (Percentage)

YearTotal

PopulationCitizens

SingaporePermanentResidents

Non-residents

TotalPopulation

CitizensSingaporePermanentResidents

Noresid

1990 3,047 2,623 112 311 2.3 1.7 2.3 9.0

2000 4,027 2,985 287 754 2.8 1.3 9.9 9.3

2008 4,839 3,164 478 1,196 5.5 1.0 6.5 19


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Source B: A drawing showing then-Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong tackling theissue of birth rates in Singapore, 2004.

Source C: An extract from a letter written by a Singaporean working motherto a newspaper forum.

There is more to this than receiving monetary incentives from the government.Like what the government said, procreation is a personal choice. My choice is tosee more of my child's growing years and to be able to spend more time with him.To date, nothing is being done to help mothers with this dilemma (to work or quit).The government needs to make companies more pro-family. As a former workingmother, I worked at least 12 hours a day. Between my 'rushed' homecoming andthe baby's bedtime, I see him for 1-2 hours a day.


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Source D: A comment by a Singaporean on life in Singapore in his blog.

Source E: A comment by a 13 year-old student in Singapore in 2007.

I think the problem is that this unrealistic (Singapore) government wantsSingaporeans to be supermen and superwomen. They want us to produce atleast 2.1 kids but are reluctant to sponsor additional maternity and paternityleave. They want us to be good, wholesome parents who spend time at homenurturing the future of the country, but expect us to slave for the economy in orderfor it to function at 24 hours, seven days a week. They want us to have traditional,loving family units but refuse to shorten the working week. Something has to giveand family is the first to be sacrificed.

Personally, I feel that Singaporeans are endangered and soon, well be extinct ifnothing is done.What has the government done to encourage more people to have kids? Verylittle, I suppose. If bonuses are the only thing that has been done, then I say itsnot working. Not too long ago you had to pay a fine for every child after the firstthree. That restricted a lot of people from having more children. Now with theissue getting critical, do people try to reverse what has been done?

I have two brothers. My mum is a full-time housewife, which leaves only myfather working. And hes earning hardly more than a thousand dollars per month.Sure, all three of us managed to apply for financial assistance, but our troublesdont stop there. My father is in his forties and that means old, by todaysstandards. He was jobless for a year before this.


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Section B (Structured-essay Question)

Answer one question.

2. Conflict and Harmony In Multi-Ethnic Societies

(a) To what extent was the presence of the British Army a key factor incontributing to the conflict in Northern Ireland? [12]

(b) Managing perceptions of different religious groups, rather thanthreats from transnational terrorism, proved to be a more crucialchallenge in fostering social cohesion in Singapore. How far do youagree with this statement? Explain your answer. [13]

3. Sustaining Economic Development

(a) To what extent are developments in transportation andcommunication a key factor in contributing to the process ofglobalization? Explain your answer. [12]

(b) Environmental mismanagement, rather than socio-economicproblems, proved to be a more adverse effect of globalization. Howfar do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [13]

4. Facing Challenges and Change

(a) To what extent is the role played by the Venetians a key factor in

contributing to the rise of Venice between the 9 th and 16th centuries?Explain your answer. [12]

(b) External challenges, rather than internal ones, proved to be moreresponsible for the eventual decline of Venice. How far do youagree with this statement? Explain your answer. [13]

END OF PAPER


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Index Number

Anglo - Chinese School(Independent)

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2009YEAR FOUR EXPRESS

SOCIAL STUDIES 2192/1

QuestionNo.

Please tick the questionattempted

Marks

1

2

3

4

TOTAL

50


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Section A (Source-based Case Study)

LORMS(a)Study Source A

What can you infer from the source on Singapore population policies? Explainyour answer. [5]

L1 Answer, reading data without interpretation

E.g.The source shows Singapore has 4,839,000 people in 2008.

1m

L2 Interpretation made using data

Award 2 m for interpretation made and 3 m for use of data to support

E.g.

The source shows:

Singapore population increasing

(from 3,047 mil in 1990 to 4.839 mil in 2008) Non-resident increase the most

(from 9.0% in 1990 to 9.0% in 2008)

2 - 3 m

L3 Inference/s made on government policies

Award 4 m for inference and 5 m for use of data to support

E.g. The source show

A change ingovernment policies

Government relying on non-residents in boost Singapore population

(From 2000-2008, there is an increase by 9.3 % for non-residents entering Singapore)

Singapore policies to promote birth rates have failed/ not working

(From 2000-2008, with Baby Bonus pro-Birth policy, increase in no. of citizens born slow down

from 1.3 % to 1.0%)

4 - 5 m

(b)Study Source B

Why do you think the cartoonist create the cartoon? Explain your answer. [6]

L1 Answer, using provenance

E.g.The cartoonist is showing PM Goh tackling the problems.

1m

L2 Inference/s made on MESSAGE, no support

E.g.

The cartoonist is trying to say that the governments actions are:

- Trying hard, using strong efforts

2 m


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- Futile, ineffective, not working

L3 Inference/s made on MESSAGE , using source details to support

Award 3 m for I supported inference and 4 m for 2 supported inferences

E.g. The cartoonist is trying to say that the governments actions are:

- Trying hard, using strong efforts

PM Goh took off jacket, sweating and swinging a big mallet labeled BABY BONUS

-

Futile, ineffective, not workingtap stuck firmly by Family Planning Board, only a single drop

3 - 4 m

L4

L4 + Inference/s made on INTENTION, using source details to support (Using Tone

imbued by the cartoonist to explain)

Award 5 m forL 3 + inference of INTENTand 6 m for explanations using the TONE

(caricature MOCKERY)

E.g. To Criticise and Mock the Government represented by PM Goh.

- Cartoonist drew a desperate, urgent, PM Goh balancing on a pipe, anxious face looking

worried, water not flowing for a rusty-looking tap. The tap has been sealed dead by the

Family Planning Board an act created by the government.

5 6 m

(c)Study Sources C and DHow similar are the two sources? Explain your answer. [7]

L1

Similarity or Difference, based on provenance

E.g. They are both by Singaporean in 2004. 1 m

L2Similarity or Difference, with no valid match copying from source contentAward 2 m for copying from both sources (NO criteria for comparison)

False Matching NO criteria established

2 m

L3

Similar in content (Message/s), criteria established

Award 3 m for stating a criteria and 4 m for using details from both sources to support

E.g. They are similar as both sources stress on :

Criteria No.1 :similar problem - Lack of Time

Criteria No. 2: similar request for better solution Government can do more

3 4

m

L4

Different in Tone (Inference made with evidence used and explained)

OR

Different in Motive (Inference made with evidence used and explained)

Award 5 m difference in tone or purpose and 6 m for BOTH differences (criteria made)

Source B is objective / balanced / calm

The writer recognizes the limitations of receiving monetary incentives and suggests other problems

(lack of time with work dilemma). As a former working mom, she highlights solutions as a making

5 6

m


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families more pro-family and understands that procreation is a personal choice.

Source C is subjective / angry

The blogger shows anger by accusing government of making them slaves to the economy and

wanting Singaporeans to be supermen and superwomen. The blogger repeats they want

indicated her unhappiness, pushing the blame to unrealistic government of Singapore

OR

E.g. The sources are different in motive.

The difference in tone tells me that the 2 sources have different objectives / motives.

Source B appears in the newspaper. Its motive by a working mother is to share her problems and

pressure the government to do more to help working mothers

In source C, the source, in a blog, whines about birth policies in Singapore. The Singaporean is using

a bias criterion to blame, abuse the Singapore government.

L5

L3 + L4 - Both similarities and differences

Award 6 m for 1 similarity and 1 difference (made with use of evidence)

Award 7 m for more than 1 similarity and difference in TONE and Motive (made with use of evidence)

6 - 7

m

(d)Study source E

How useful is the source to you in understanding the problems of low birth rate inSingapore? Explain your answer. [7]

L1

Simple assertion, answer based on provenance

E.g. No, it is written by a 13 year old. A childs comment is of no use. 1 m

L2

Yes, uncritical acceptance of source, based on content

Award 2 m for explain why source is useful

E.g. Yes, the boy shares his familys plight with 3 children. He explains the problems of

raising 3 kids with limited government help. It tells me the government is not doing

enough.

2 m

L3

Not useful, detect source bias and incomplete information

Award 3 m for highlighting the limitations of the source and stating missing information

and 4 m explaining the possible bias/ usefulness of source details (using provenance)

E.g. The source NOT useful as it fails to address other aspect of birth rates beyond

blaming the government over its 1960s polices and financial provisions for family. It did

not mention the issues faced by working mothers. The source usefulness is limited.

Next, source is by a boy who is extremely emotional in his comments. Quote from

source E, Personally, I feel that Singaporeans are endangered and soon, well be

extinct if nothing is done. The boy appears to be depressed as he explained the

3 - 4

m


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plight of his family. Logically thinking, his plight may be a single unique caseand it is

NOT USEFUL to me in understanding the overall issue of low birth rates in

Singapore.

L4

Use of cross-checking to background information/ other sources to validate

Source Es comment on lack of financial assistance for Singapore families

Award 5 m for cross-checking to prove validity and usefulness to source E

OR

Award 5 m for use of cross-checking to prove limitation of source E

E.g. Source E is useful to me as it provides an example to the comment and

complaint provided by Source D. Financially, the government assistance is not

reasonable. From source E, What has the government done to encourage more people

to have kids? Very little, I suppose. If bonuses are the only thing that has been done,

then I say its not working.The comment tallies with another one made in source D -

They want us to produce at least 2.1 kids but are reluctant to sponsor additional

maternity and paternity leave. They want us to be good, wholesome parents who spendtime at home nurturing the future of the country, but expect us to slave for the economy

in order for it to function at 24 hours, seven days a week. Both sources indicate that

inefficacy of the government.

OR

Source E is not useful as it is one-sided and fails to address the other issues facing

the Singapore couples and parents. From source C, the working mother comments -

There is more to this than receiving monetary incentives from the government... My

choice is to see more of my child's growing years and to be able to spend more time

with him. To date, nothing is being done to help mothers with this dilemma (to work or

quit).Source E fails to explain the larger issues causing low birth rates as the

author is only a 13 year old boy. Source Cs comment proves the immature and

incomplete observation of source E, making source Es usefulness to me

questionable.

5 m

L5

Degree of usefulness (both sides of L4)

Award 6 m for cross-checking and explaining the validity of source E AND also explain

its limitations as explained in L3

Award 7 m for explaining the degree of usefulness using cross-checking (both sides of

L4)

6 - 7

m


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Section B (Structured-essay Question)

LORMS

2 Conflict and Harmony In Multi-Ethnic Societies

(a) To what extent was the presence of the British Army a key factor incontributing to the conflict in Northern Ireland? Explain your answer. [12]

Indicative content

The given factor is the presence of the British Army.

Alternative factors are lack of opportunities for social interaction/lack of common identity(divided loyalties), discriminatory practices like unequal allocation of housing, unequalemployment opportunities, lack of voting rights etc. which caused the conflict between theProtestants and the Catholics. The presence of the British army only FURTHER exacerbated thetensions in the country. Hence it may be a KEY factor to contribute to ARMED conflict in NIreland but may not necessary be the root cause to contribute to conflict.

An explanation is linking a factor to the given outcome contributing to the conflict in NorthernIreland.

L1 Writes about the topic but without focus on the question [1-2]

Award 1 mark for each detail, to a maximum of 2 marks.

L2 Describes given factor OR Identifies / Describes other factor(s) [3-4]Award 3 marks for describing the given factor OR identifying/describing other factor(s).Award 4 marks for both.

L3 Explain the given factor OR other factor(s) [4-6]Award 4 marks for an explanation, and additional marks for any supporting detail, to amaximum of 6 marks.

E.g. The British Army used force on the protestors during the Civil Rights March. They also oftenraided Catholic home, using force and damaging property. The British troops also rounded upsuspects deemed to be causing trouble under the internment laws. Hence the Catholics identified

the British Army as collaborating with the Protestant government to treat them badly. These actsoften resulted in Catholics seeing the Irish Republican Army (IRA) as their saviours andthe British Army as the enemy. This inevitably posed much problems for reconciliatoryrelations between the Catholics and the Protestants in Northern Ireland. Conflict istherefore not resolved. (Explanation)

L4 Explains the given factor and Identifies/describes other factors [7]

L5 Both aspects of L3 [8-10]Award 8-10 marks for explanations of the given AND other factors. Do not award 10 marks unlessmore than one additional factor is explained.L3 + Other factors:Lack of opportunities for social interaction/lack of common identity (divided loyalties),discriminatory practices like unequal allocation of housing, unequal employment opportunities,lack of voting rights etc. also caused conflict between the Protestants and the Catholics.L6 L5 + explains the relative importance of the factors [11-12]E.g. [L5 plus] I dont think the conflict was caused by the presence of the British Army. Many ofthe problems were caused by acts of discrimination and inequality by the protestant government.The British Army was deployed initially to keep peace. It exacerbated tensions when the troopsbecame callous in their treatment of the Catholics. This added to the already tensed relationsbetween the two groups of people. I think the most important cause is the lack of common identityand social interaction which could have led to the Catholics and Protestants having dividedloyalties to their country. The protestant government would probably continue to be insensitive intheir treatment of the Catholics as long as they dont see they are one. (Accept alternative andlogical/ balanced conclusion)


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2b) Managing perceptions of different religious groups, rather than threats from transnationalterrorism, proved to be a more crucial challenge in fostering social cohesion inSingapore. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (13m)

Indicative ContentThere are two given factors: Managing perceptions of different religious groups and threatsfrom transnational terrorism. No other factors are relevant. An explanation of importance (whyeach factor is crucial) up to L4 will deal with individual factors separately, showing how they poseas a challenge in fostering social cohesion in Singapore (i.e. if they are not managed properly, itwill be difficult to foster social cohesion in Singapore).

L1 Writes about the topic but without focusing on the given factors [1-2]

L2 Describes factors(s) but without explaining them [3-4]Award 3 marks for one factor and 4 marks for more than one factor described.

L3 Explains one factor [5-7]Explanations must have valid contextual support. Award 5 marks for an explanation, andadditional marks for supporting detail, to a maximum of 7 marks.

E.g. I think managing perceptions of different religious groups is the more importantchallenge in fostering social cohesion in Singapore. Riots could occur over sensitive religiousissues which are not managed properly. Hostility and distrust then occur easily among the

people, thus affecting the relationships among the different religious groups. It is important that ina multi-racial and multi-religious country like Singapore, no one is made to feel that by belongingto a particular religion would put him at a disadvantage or give him an advantage. This is crucialto ensure that all can live in peace and prosperity.

L4 L3, plus explains other factor(s) [8-11]Award 8 marks for L3 plus a second factor explained, with one extra mark for additionalsupporting information. Award 10 marks for L3 plus another factor explained, with oneextra mark for additional supporting information.

E.g. [L3 plus] But managing threats from transnational terrorism is also vital, Government hasto be careful in responding to these threats. There were calls by political and religious leaders inSingapore for people to remain calm and be committed to living in harmony with other racial and

religious groups. Having mixed reactions among the people to the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) arrestsalso posed a challenge to the Singapore government. It shows there is an urgent need to ensurethat social cohesion was not affected by the arrests. Different racial and religious groups shouldcontinue to live and work harmoniously with one another. This is important for the sustainabledevelopment of the country.

L5 Reaches a balanced conclusion based on the relative significance of factors [12-13]Not just L4, but explicit demonstration of why one is more/less important than others, orwhy they are equally important.

E.g. [L4 plus] However at the root of the matter is displaying sensitivity in handling religious andracial issues. Threats from transnational terrorism sprang from radical groups manipulatingreligious ideas to their advantage. Their acts can test the social bonds of people for if notmanaged properly, can lead to divisions among the people. If there is mutual

understanding among the people in Singapore that everyone is treated fairly, having nomistrust and hostility, it would be less easy for others to use race and religion to create ill-feelings among the different ethnic groups. This will in turn help preserve social cohesion.Also, it is more important to manage transnational terrorism as it is an external threat that can doharm to the internal stability of a country.


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3 Sustaining Economic Development

(a) To what extent are developments in transportation and communication akey factor in contributing to the process of globalization?Explain your answer. (12m)

Indicative ContentThe given factor is developments in transportation and communicationAlternative factor is Transnational Corporations. No other factor is allowed.

An explanation is linking a factor to the given outcome contributing to the process ofglobalization (i.e. key driving forces of globalization)

L1 Writes about the topic but without focus on the question [1-2]Award 1 mark for each detail, to a maximum of 2 marks.

L2 Describes given factor OR Identifies/Describes another factor. [3-4]Award 3 marks for describing the given factor OR identifying/describing another factor.Award 4 marks for both.

Transport systems are the means by which people, materials and productsare transferred from one place to another.

Communication systems allow information to be transmitted from place to place.

Or

TNCs are large global firms that operate in several countries and have production or servicefacilities outside the country of their origin.

L3 Explain the given factor OR another factor. [4-6]Award 4 marks for an explanation and additional marks for any supporting detail,to a maximum of 6 marks.

Transport systems are the means by which people, materials and productsare transferred from one place to another. Improvement in transportation technology has shrunk

the world significantly in terms of time taken to get from one place to another. Containerisationgreatly increased the movement of goods and people. It has also reduced the time and cost ofmoving goods over long distances. Countries have built efficient and integrated transportationinfrastructure to facilitate globalization.

Communication systems allow information to be transmitted from place to place.People across the globe can communicate via tools such as telephone, electronic mail, fax andvideo conferencing. Satellite technology also enabled messages to be transmitted from onelocation and received in another part of the world almost simultaneously. Internet also led toinformation being accessed more conveniently and efficiently.

Or

Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are large global firms that operate in several countries andhave production or service facilities outside the country of their origin. These firms source for newmarkets so as to lower the costs of production. In addition, they also look for components fromaround the world before assembling the final product in another country. The worldwideoperations are co-ordinated and controlled by the headquarters which are located in the countryof origin. In this way, economies around the world have become more integrated.

L4 Explains the given factor and identifies/describes another factor [7]

L5 Both aspects of L3 [8-10]Award 8-10 marks for explanations of the given AND another factor.


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L6 L5, plus explains the relative importance of different factors [11-12]

E.g. [L5 plus] developments in transportation and communication is theprimary force for driving globalization. Also TNCs might have producedthe goods for all to enjoy but it is due to the advanced transport and communicationwhich has led to the smooth operation overseas. Communication has allowed these companies toensure everything run efficiently. Hence, an integrated network of transport and communicationplays a crucial role to globalization as it has enabled all other factors to run on it.

3(b) Environmental mismanagement, rather than socio-economic problems,

proved to be a more adverse effect of globalization. How far do you agreewith this statement? Explain your answer. [13]

Indicative ContentThere are two given factors: environmental mismanagement as well as socio-economic problems.No other factors are relevant. An explanation of importance up to L4 will deal with individualfactors separately, showing how they proved to be a more adverse effect of globalisation.

L1 Writes about the topic but without focusing on the given factors [1-2]Rainforests in many countries have been cut down to make way for the development of industries,agriculture, housing and transportation.

L2 Describes factor(s) but without explaining them [3-4]Award 3 marks for one factor and 4 marks for more than one factor described.

L3 Explains one factor [5-7]Explanations must have valid contextual support. Award 5 marks for anexplanation, and additional marks for supporting detail, to a maximum of 7 marks.

E.g. Environmental mismanagement proved to be a more adverse effect of globalization.

Deforestation and related problems

Rainforests in many countries have been cut down to make way for the development ofindustries, agriculture, housing and transportation. The forests are also being cleared fordevelopment projects which enable Indonesia to achieve a higher level of economic development

but has resulted in many environmental problems such as soil erosion, extinction of flora andfauna, increase in flooding and the haze. Another example is seen in the Three Gorges Project1994, to build a dam across the Yangtze River in China. The Three Gorges Project has alsocreated problems such as erosion, extinction of flora and fauna and water pollution.

Global warming

Globalisation has also worsened environmental problems such as global warming. Withglobalisation, goods are moved freely around the world. Such movement of goods has alsocontributed to global warming as aeroplanes and ships produce large quantities of greenhousegases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Factories and different modes oftransportation around the world emit an enormous quantity of fumes into the atmosphere everyday. The presence of these gases in the atmosphere leads to an increase in the average globaltemperature. Therefore globalisation has a great impact on the environment because in theinterest of industrial, housing & communications devpts, many countries havecompromised taking care of the environment, leading to deforestation, global warming &related problems.

L4 L3, plus explains other factor(s) [8-11]Award 8 marks for L3 plus a second factor explained, with one extra mark foradditional supporting information. Award 10 marks for L3 plus two other factorsexplained, with one extra mark for additional supporting information.

E.g. Socio-economic was also an important impact of globalization too.


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Increased competition among nations Investment and marketGlobalisation leads to countriesfacing more intense competition. In a globalising world, competition for investments and marketsis intense. Countries that are able to offer incentives to foreign investors will be more successfulin attracting them as compared to others.

It has not only resulted in rapid development in many countries but has also contributed to thespread of poverty in many other countries. The developed countries are experiencing rapidincome growth as they own most of the manufacturing activities. On the other hand, developingcountries often face trade restrictions put up by developed countries. They are not capable ofproducing better quality goods that fetch higher prices that the developed countries do. This isdue to reasons like lowly-skilled workers. TNCs often locate labour-intensive and low value-addedproduction in poorer nations. At the same time, globalisation has also led to a widening incomegap in the developed countries. The rich in the developed countries continue to prosper becauseof better opportunities, while the poor and lowly-skilled workers face economic uncertainties suchas retrenchment.

Therefore globalisation has a great economic impact because it has increasedcompetitiveness with the opening of markets and mobility of talented professionals, withthe downside being the increasing income gap between the rich and poor.

L5 Reaches a balanced conclusion based on the relative significance of factors [12-13]Not just L4, but explicit demonstration of why one is more/less important thanothers, or why they are equally important.

E.g. [L4 plus]In the short term, globalisation has a greater impact on the economy than on the environment.Increase in investments & income levels for globalising countries are quickly translated intoincreased standards of living, & the movement of goods & services. It is only much later that thedetriments associated with global warming and deforestation will be experienced directly.

4 Facing Challenges and Changea) To what extent is the role played by the Venetians a key factor in contributing to

the rise of Venice between the 9th

and 16th

centuries? Explain your answer. (12m)

Indicative ContentThe given factor is the role of the Venetians.Alternative factors are e.g. geographical location of Venice, the influx and contributions of theforeign talent in Venice and other possible factors NOT having to do with the role of the Venetiansper se.

An explanation is linking a factor to the given outcome contributing to the rise of Venicebetween the 9

thand 16

thcenturies.

L1 Writes about the topic but without focus on the question [1-2]Award 1 mark for each detail, to a maximum of 2 marks.

L2 Describes given factor OR identifies/Describes other factor(s) [3-4]Award 3 marks for describing the given factor OR identifying/describing other factor(s).Award 4 marks for both.

Venetians took advantage of their knowledge of salt production. They monopolized salt trade inthe region. They had capable leaders. They had effective systems of government and maintaineddiplomatic relations. In addition, they possessed an enterprising spirit and also develop advancesin maritime technology in the areas of navigation and weaponry used on ships.

Or


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Venice is located in northern Italy and is protected from the currents of the Adriatic Sea.

L3 Explain the given factor OR other factor(s) [4-6]Award 4 marks for an explanation, and additional marks for any supporting detail,to a maximum of 6 marks.

Role of the venetians seen in the following areas:- Venetians the citizens- Venetians the leaders in the government- Venetians the tradersOrOther factors (see below)

L4 Explains the given factor and identifies/describes/describes other factors [7]

Role of the venetians seen in the following areas:- Venetians the citizens- Venetians the leaders in the government- Venetians the traders

Other factors for rise of Venice:-its geographical locationVenice is located in northern Italy and is protected from the currents of the Adriatic Sea. This hasenabled ships to call at its ports safely and thus encouraged trade. The deep channels of wateralso attracted bigger shipsto call at Venice, bringing in huge volumes of trade. The salt marshes

on the lagoons also became a profitable resource for the Venetians. Hence, Venices strategiclocation contributed to its development as a city-state and rise as a maritime empire.

-influx of foreign workers/tradersSkilled craftsmen from other parts of Europe were also attracted to work in Venice. Eventually,many settled down and worked in Venice. This contributed to the development of local industriesin Venice e.g. glass-making.Foreign traders were also attracted by the ease at which they could conduct their commercialactivities in Venice.Migration policies in Venice also drew many to Venice. The mass arrival of foreigners helped todevelop Venice into a cosmopolitan city which also contributed to Venices wealth andinternational recognition.

-External circumstances in Europe e.g. weakening of the Byzantine EmpireFrom the 10th century, the Byzantine Empire began to show signs of weakening. Challenging theByzantines commercial dominance in the East, Venice seized the opportunity to expand its tradeand territories in Europe. This has also enabled Venice to rise as a maritime empire.

L5 Both aspects of L3 [8-10]Award 8-10 marks for explanations of the given AND other factors. Do not award10 marks unless more than one additional factor is explained.

L6 L5, Plus explains the relative importance of different factors [11-12]

4b) External challenges, rather than internal ones, proved to be more responsible for theeventual decline of Venice. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain youranswer.

Indicative ContentThere are two given factor: external challenges and internal challenges.Sub-factors are relevant if they are correctly categorized under each of the two challenges in thequestion.


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An explanation of the importance of each factor up to L4 will deal with its respectiveimpact/consequences.At L5 there will be some genuine comparison of the degree of responsibility of each factor incausing the eventual decline of Venice.

L1 Writes about the topic but without focusing on the given factors [1-2]

L2 Describes factor(s) but without explaining them [3-4]Award 3 marks for one factor and 4 marks for more than one factor described.

L3 Explains one factor [5-7]Explanations must have valid contextual support. Award 5 marks for anexplanation, and additional marks for supporting detail, to a maximum of 7 marks.

External challenge

E.g. Foreign threats/Involvement in Mainland

Why it is a challenge:

political developments in Europe forced Venice to turn its attention to controlling the nearby mainlandterritories

The Venetians in the government often took advantage of feuding rival states and offered to help one fightagainst the other

Venetians act of SWITCHING alliance with different opposing states not a wise strategy

It was constantly treading on fragile relations with the larger states

Also meant that Venice could come under attack should negotiations fail

Put the Venetians at high risk as there was no certainty which alliance would benefit Venice

Led to Venice having to equip themselves with a strong army which meant recruiting more mercenaries tofight its warsmore costly

Accept other factors which explain how Venice declined as a result of the inability to respond appropriately to externalchallenges:

-maritime competition; new trade rivals; discovery of new sea route

Or

Internal challenge

E.g. Complacency of Venetian Society

Why it is a challenge:

rich indulged in fine living

countless parades and celebrations

year-end party lasted for weeks

poor and rich involved in gambling

not willing to volunteer to serve state

The Venetians became easily distracted from daily duties and productive work

-commitment level of people reduced drastically

- government could not find volunteers to serve in navy

Internally vulnerable; weak defence

Negative impact on Venice

Accept other factors which explain how Venice declined as a result of the inability to respond appropriately to internalchallenges:

-corruption of the leaders-overdependence on the mercenary soldiers


19/19

19

L4 L3, plus explains other factor(s) [8-11]

Award 8 marks for L3 plus a second factor explained, with one extra mark foradditional supporting information. Award 10 marks for L3 plus two other factorsexplained, with one extra mark for additional supporting information.

L5 Reaches a balanced conclusion based on the relative significance of factorsNot just L4, but explicit demonstration of why one is more/less important thanothers, or why they are equally important.

2009 ACSI SS Prelims With Answers

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