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FMD Technical Workshop for AfricaContributing to the FMD Global Strategy

Nairobi 26-30 January 2009

Country Survey – Preliminary Results

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1. Objectives of the survey

� To assess the level of FMD risk management in Africa

(for countries non officially free of FMD)

� To obtain baseline information for

– regional* and global advocacy

– the development of the Global FMD Strategy

(national and regional* dimensions)

� To start sensibilizing countries on the Issue

� Not to ‘rank’ countries

*Already used for Middle-east countries; Planned for Asian countries

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2. Questionnaire

� Q1 – Current status (with regard to progressive

control stages 0 � 5)

� Q2 – Actions needed to move to the next 1 and 2

stages, and difficulties to solve

� Q3 – Time needed to move to the next 1 and 2

stages

� Q4 – Kind of international assistance needed

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3. Process

� Use of the tool developed by FAO (part of the

progressive FMD risk reduction approach; see

previous presentation) � level 0 to 5

� Questionnaire (4 questions)

� Launched on January 7; reply deadline on January 19

� Survey via the CVOs

� Legend used:

No response

Other

Level 0

ZoneNational

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

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4. Response rate

� 56 survey forms sent (all African countries including

Mayotte and La Réunion; 2 countries non OIE

member = Liberia and Seychelles)

� 29 responses

� 2 countries (who had not responded) with OIE official status

(Mauritius; South Africa)

� Response rate = 55%

� Questionnaires retournés vierge (1), incomplets (5)

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5. Results Q1 – Current status

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5. Results Q1 – Current status

No response

Other

Level 0

ZN

Level 5

Level 4

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

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5. Results Q1 – Current status

� Insufficient data (in particular for central and eastern

Africa)

� ‘Sub-regional level’ (North Africa = 3; West Africa = 0;

South Africa = >2)

� Wide range of responses, including ‘zoned countries’

� Countries difficult to range:

– Lesotho, Rwanda: no occurrence since many years

(while no circulation study or surveillance)

– Seychelles: level 5 (but not an OIE member

country)

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6. Results Q2 – Actions needed

/ difficulties for the next steps

� Countries at level 0

FMD surveillance (passive and active) in place

(stakeholders trained; functional nat. epid.

network)

Contingency plans existing and implemented

Cross border collaboration; movement control

Quality vaccines available / affordable

(Mass - strategic) vaccination implemented

Vaccines R&D in place

Outbreaks declared to OIE

Diagnostic kits / reagents available

Lab staff trained

Seroprevalence / virus identification

studies conducted

Risk analysis conducted

Strategic vaccination studied

Breeders sensibilized

Actions

needed

Lack of resources: financial, HR, logistical (facilities)

Lack of knowledge, information, awareness

Legislation inadequate

Lack of cross-border, sub-regional, regional coordination (notably for transhumant countries)

Difficulties

4. Level of virus circulation studied repeatedly

5. Outbreaks investigation, sources identified

6. Risk identified for each chain, adapted strategies implemented

7. Impact of control measures assessed

1. Level of virus circulation studied

2. Critical risk points identified

3. Strategy under development

Required activities

Passage to Level 2Passage to Level 1

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6. Results Q2 – Actions needed

/ difficulties for the next steps

� Countries at level 3

- Identification / traceability of all sensible

species

- Control of animal movement

- Respect of biosecurity measures

- FMD status in the sub-region

- Availability of Funds

- Expertise and funds for the ‘Dossier OIE’

Surveillance program maintained, reinforced

Dossier ‘OIE’ (free without vaccination status)

prepared and submitted to OIE

Surveillance program maintained, reinforced

Dossier ‘OIE’ (free with vaccination status)

prepared and submitted to OIE

Actions

needed

- Resources (HR, material, logistic) to carry out

proper surveillance

- Expertise and funds for the ‘Dossier OIE’

Difficulties

5. No outbreak of FMD for the past 2 years and no evidence

of FMDV circulation for the past 12 months,

6. Surveillance for FMD and FMDV circulation in accordance

with the OIE Code is in operation; regulatory measures

for the prevention and control of FMD have been

implemented (documented evidence)

7. Vaccination is not carried out

1. No outbreak of FMD for the past 2 years and no evidence of

FMDV circulation for the past 12 months,

2. Surveillance for FMD and FMDV circulation in accordance with

the OIE Code is in operation; regulatory measures for the

prevention and control of FMD have been implemented

(documented evidence)

3. Routine vaccination is carried out for the purpose of the

prevention of FMD (documented evidence)

4. Vaccine used complies with the standards described in the

Terrestrial Manual (documented evidence)

Required activities

Passage to Level 5Passage to Level 4

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6. Results Q2 – Actions needed

/ difficulties for the next steps

� Specific issues for ‘zoned countries’

Surveillance improve, notably in wildlife

Livestock movements controlled

Livestock identified

Country subdivided into smaller zones

Actions needed

- Links with wildlife authorities, and surveillance strengthening in parks

- Establishment of check points; additional mobile patrols

- Extensive / communal grazing systems, with infrastructures like watering points,

dip tanks, improved pasture and marketing

- Fences, demarcation issues

- Overall: funding issues

Difficulties

Passage to the next Level

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7. Results Q3 –

Next 2 levels chronogram

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rAfrica2010 2011

2012 2013- 2014

7. Results Q3 –

Next 2 levels chronogram

2009

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� Not all the countries have provided chronogram

(Togo; Ivory Coast; Burundi...)

� Result show that next level is reachable:

� In 1 year for 66%

� In 3 to 4 years for

33%

� In 1 year for 100%� in 1 year for 36%

� in 1 to 2 year for 7%

� in 2 years for 42%

� in 3 and more years

for 14%

For countries

at level 3 (N or Z)

For countries

at level 2

For countries

at level 0

7. Results Q3 –

Next 2 levels chronogram

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8. Results Q4 –

International assistance

Specific support

� Epidemiology ++

� Preparedness + +

� Labs capacities + + +

� Surveillance capacities + + +

� Control capacities + +

� Vaccines + +

� Socio-economic studies + +

� OIE ‘dossier’ + +

� Regional approach / program + +

Accompanying measures

� VS strengthening (OIE PVS)

+

� Public awareness +

� Livestock chains

structuration / organization

+

� Identification / traceability

animals +

� Funding + +

+ mentioned [1 time]; + + mentioned [2; 5 times]; + + + mentioned [6; 10 times]

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8. Results Q4 –

International assistance

Specific support requested (1/2)

� Epidemiology

– Epidemiological national surveys / serotype identification + +

– Epidemiology training +

� Preparedness

– Emergency preparedness +

– Contingency plan +

– Legislation actualization and harmonization: +

– Experts advices: +

� Surveillance capacities

– Surveillance CB: +++ (including stakeholders disease reporting ++)

� Labs capacities

– Provision of material: reagent ++; testing kits ++; sampling material +

– Diagnostic CB: +++

– Overall lab CB: ++

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8. Results Q4 –

International assistance

Specific support requested (2/2)� Control capacities

– Emergency support (in case of outbreaks): ++

� Vaccines– Vaccines provision ++

– Vaccination program ++

– Vaccines development and production: +

� Socio-economic studies– Global +, regional + and national ++ impact of the disease

– Import risk analysis +

– Risk analysis for each livestock chain +

� OIE ‘dossier’– ‘dossier’ information + ; ‘Dossier’ preparation + ; ‘Dossier’ funding +

� Zoning

– creating free zones +

� Regional approach / program + + (notably Sahelian countries)

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9. Conclusions

� Limits of the questionnaire (to be refined)

� Preliminary results (to be continued)

� Sub-regional / regional approach strongly

emphasized

� So far, 3 different levels (North = 3, West = 0, South=

>2)

� 3 roadmaps?

� 3 strategies?

� 3 levels of assistance from the international

community?