2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 10: Graphic Illustrations...
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Transcript of 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Chapter 10: Graphic Illustrations...
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers
Chapter 10: Graphic Illustrations
Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
In this chapter you will answer the questions:
• What do graphics do?• What is a diagram?• What does a table do?• What is most helpful on a typical map?• What does a pie graph represent?• How do you read a bar graph?• What is a line graph?• What information does a flowchart
convey?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
What Do Graphics Do?
• Condense.
• Clarify.
• Convince.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: How to Read Graphic Material
• Read the title to get an overview.
• Look for footnotes and read introductory material.
• Read the labels.
• Notice the trends and find the extremes.
• Draw conclusions and formulate future exam questions.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Five Kinds of Graphic Illustrations
1. Diagrams
2. Tables
3. Maps
4. Graphs
5. Flowcharts
electron
neutron
proton
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Diagrams
• A diagram is an outline drawing or picture of an object or a process.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Tables
• A table is a listing of facts and figures in columns and rows for quick and easy reference.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
How to Read a Table
• First read the title for the topic.
• Then read the footnotes to judge the source.
• Determine what each column represents and how they interact.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Maps
Traditional Maps:
• Show the location of cities, waterways, sites, and roads.
• Show differences in the physical terrain of specified areas.
• A modern map highlights special characteristics or population distribution of a particular area.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
How to Read a Map
• Note the title, source, and date.
• Study the legend for meanings of symbols and shading.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Pie Graphs
• A pie graph is a circle that is divided into wedge-shaped slices.
• The complete pie or circle represents a total, or 100% percent.
• Each slice is a percent or fraction of that whole.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Bar Graphs
A Bar Graph is:
• a series of horizontal or vertical bars in which the length of each bar represents a particular amount.
• a series of different items which can be quickly compared by noting the different bar lengths.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Line Graph
A Line Graph is:• A continuous curve or frequency distribution in
which numbers are plotted in an unbroken line.• The horizontal scale measures one aspect of
the data.• The vertical line measures another aspect.• As the data fluctuate, the line will change
direction and will become very jagged.
0102030405060708090
100
1st Q tr 2ndQ tr
3rd Q tr 4th Q tr
East
West
North
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Flowcharts
• A flowchart shows the sequence of a set of elements and the relationships among them.
• Key ideas are stated in boxes, and supporting ideas are linked by arrows.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points
• What do graphics do?• What is a diagram?• What does a table do?• What is most helpful on a typical map?• What does a pie graph represent?• How do you read a bar graph?• What is a line graph?• What information does a flowchart
convey?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Search the Net
• For suggested Web sites and other research activities regarding reading graphic illustrations, go to:
• http://www.ablongman.com/smith/