2008 Annual Survey of Journalism Mass Communication ......-3-The methods used in the Annual Survey...

2008

Annual Survey of Journalism

&

Mass Communication Enrollments

Tudor Vlad • Lee B. Becker • Devora Olin • Donna W ilcox • Stephanie Hanisak

James M. Cox Jr. Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research

Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication

University of Georgia

Athens, GA 30602

Tel. 706 542-5023

www.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys/

2008 Project Sponsors:

American Society of Newspaper Editors

Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication*

Association of Schools of Journalism & Mass Communication

Cox Newspapers Inc.

Gannett

Hearst Corporation

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation*

National Association of Broadcasters

Newspaper Association of America

Sigma Delta Chi Foundation of the Society of Professional Journalists

Scripps Howard Foundation

Specialized Information Publishers Foundation

School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota

Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Georgia

*Sustaining Sponsor

August 5, 2009

-2-

# Enrollments in U.S. journalism and mass communication programs increased by 0.8% in the

autumn of 2008, compared with a year earlier. That growth rate was lower than the 2.4% growth

rate from 2006 to 2007 but higher than the 0.2% growth rate from 2005 to 2006.

# The 0.9% growth rate at the undergraduate level was offset slightly by the -0.3% growth rate at

the graduate level. Enrollments declined at both the master’s (-0.1%) and doctoral (-1.7%) levels.

# Enrollments at the freshman and sophomore levels both declined in 2008 compared with a year

earlier, as had been true in 2007 as well. The suggestion is that enrollment growth rates in the

next few years will slow.

# Journalism and mass communication programs granted an estimated 55,056 degrees in

academic year 2007-2008, up 2.2% from a year earlier and the largest number ever granted by

journalism and mass communication programs in the U.S.

# The number of bachelor’s degrees granted was 50,559, representing an increase of 1.3% from a

year earlier. Master’s degrees increased by 12.9% (to 4,271) and doctoral degrees by 43.0% (to

226).

# The percentage of students enrolled in print, broadcast journalism or just journalism was lower in

the autumn of 2008 than a year earlier, but the 2005 percentage (29.2) was still higher than the

percentage in 2006 (27.5).

# W omen made up 63.8% of the enrolled undergraduate students in 2008, 67.4% of the master’s

degree students, and 56.0% of the doctoral students. All these figures are generally unchanged

from a year earlier.

# Students classified as members of racial or ethnic minority groups made up 30.6% of the students

enrolled in undergraduate journalism and mass communications programs around the country in

the autumn of 2008. For master’s students, the figure was 40.3%, and for doctoral students, it was

51.7%.

# The number of full-time faculty teaching in U.S. journalism and mass communication programs

increased to 6,804 in the autumn of 2008, from 6,550 a year earlier. The number of part-time

faculty declined to 4,979 from 5,341.

# Almost four in 10 of the nation’s journalism and mass communications programs reported having

some kind of hiring freeze in place in the 2008-2009 academic year.

# Despite the financial crises, talk of mergers of programs and outright elimination of programs has

not surfaced at large numbers of universities.

Executive Summary

-3-

The methods used in the Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments have

remained unchanged since 1988. Schools included in this survey are listed in either the Journalism &

Mass Communication Directory, published by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass

Communication, or The Journalist’s Road to Success: A Career Guide, formerly published and printed by

the Dow Jones Newspaper Fund, Inc., and now available on the web.1 All degree-granting senior colleges

and universities with courses organized under the labels of journalism and mass communication are

invited to be listed in the AEJMC Directory. To be included in the Guide, the college or university must

offer at least 10 courses in news-editorial journalism, and those courses must include core courses, such

as an introduction to the mass media and press law and ethics, as well as basic skills courses, such as

reporting and editing. Since 1992, the two journalism programs listed in the AEJMC Directory in Puerto

Rico have been included in the population.

A combination of these two directories produced 485 listings in 2008. In October 2008, a

questionnaire was mailed to the administrator of each of these programs. A second mailing of this

questionnaire was sent to the non-responding schools in December. A third mailing was sent to the non-

responding schools in January of 2009. In February, the administrators were sent a fourth mailing. In each

mailing, administrators were given the chance to return a written form via the mail or download a form

from a web site and return it electronically. The 250 administrators of the programs who had not

responded by the beginning of April were contacted by telephone and asked to answer as many of the

questions over the telephone as possible. Five of the 485 schools reported that its program was no longer

active.

The questionnaire asked the administrators to provide information on total enrollments in autumn

of 2008, enrollment by year in school, enrollment by sequence of study, enrollment by gender, and

enrollment by racial or ethnic group. In addition, administrators were asked to indicate the number and

type of degrees granted in the 2007-2008 academic year, degrees granted by sequence of study, degrees

granted by gender, and degrees granted by racial group. The questionnaire also asked about faculty size,

faculty characteristics, and faculty hiring.

Data were obtained for all of the 480 active programs in the population. This is the largest number

of journalism and mass communication programs since 1987, the first year of the Annual Survey of

Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments in which the population was defined via the Newspaper

Fund listing and AEJMC Directory. Of the 480 returns, 339 were for programs listed in both directories, 93

were only in the AEJMC listing, and 48 were only in the Dow Jones Guide.

As in the past, there was great variability in the detail and precision of the information

administrators provided. Some administrators answered every question, while others answered only a few.

Survey Methodology

http://djnewspaperfund.dowjones.com/fund/cg_jschools.asp.

-4-

Data on degrees offered and on enrollments at the bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral level were obtained

from all of the 480 programs. Of all these programs, 477 offered bachelor’s degree programs, 204 offered

master’s degree programs, and 49 offered doctoral programs. Data on degrees granted at the

undergraduate level were obtained for 395 of the 477 undergraduate programs, or 82.8%. For master’s

programs, the number was 169 of 204, or 82.8%. Forty-two of the 49 doctoral programs reported number

of degrees granted, or 85.7%.

Data from the program administrators were entered into a data file. Any inconsistencies in the

original documents that were noted were corrected, sometimes by eliminating obviously erroneous

information. Reports by program administrators that were not clearly in error were taken as accurate.

The AEJMC Directory lists membership of the Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass

Communication (ASJMC) and accreditation by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and

Mass Communication (ACEJMC). This information was included in the data file. The most complete data

were available for the 113 accredited programs. In general, less complete data were available for the 832

schools that were members of ASJMC but not accredited by ACEJMC. The 284 schools without

accreditation or ASJMC membership had the least complete data. In general, these latter schools are

smaller than the accredited or ASJMC-affiliated schools.

These two characteristics--accreditation and ASJMC membership -- serve as ways of

differentiating the 480 journalism and mass communication programs in the population. As was the case

in recent years, these two characteristics were used in 2008 to make projections based on the data

reported. Data from the reporting accredited schools were used to estimate characteristics of the

accredited schools for which there was any missing information. Similarly, statistical means from the

nonaccredited ASJMC schools were used to estimate missing data for similar schools, and data from the

nonaccredited schools not affiliated with ASJMC were used to estimate missing data for those programs.

The overall estimates, then, were based on complete information and best approximations about data not

reported.3

A full report of the findings of the 2008 Annual

Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication

Enrollments will appear in the Autumn 2009 issue

of Journalism & Mass Communication Educator.

Reports of the enrollment survey have appeared

in that publication since 1972. The report and

supplementary tables will be posted to the Annual

Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication web

site in November. The URL for the site is:

www.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys/.

-5-

1.The URL is: https://www.newspaperfund.org/PageText/JournRoad.aspx?Page_ID=JrRd.

2. Indiana University’s School of Journalism and the journalism program at the Indianapolis Campus of IU

are treated as separate programs in this analysis, though they share accreditation.

3. Thanks are given to the following University of Georgia students who worked on the 2008 graduate

survey: Graduate Research Assistant Megan Vogel and Research Clerks Alicia Harrell, Jessica May,

Amanda Miller, Sarah Pelham, Alexandre Raffray, and Nicole Romero.

Endnotes

+

+

++ +

++ + +

+ ++ +

+ ++

+ + + + +

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

Bachelor's 137,971 145,781 138,932 141,811 133,122 128,367 128,798 129,276 137,858 141,006 149,188 150,257 168,254 171,941 182,218 190,934 193,705 195,376 196,042 199,711 201,477Number of schools 394 395 404 414 413 430 430 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480

+

1. Undergraduate enrollmentsAutumn undergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments

Source: Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments

201,477

2. Enrollments by classAutumn journalism and mass communication undergraduate enrollments by class


$

$

$ $$

$ $$ $

$ $$ $

$ $$

$ $ $ $$

)

)

) ) )) ) ) )

) )) )

) ))

) ) ) ))

+

+

++ +

+ + + + ++ + +

++ + + + +

+ +

*

*

** * *

*

* * * * * ** * * *

* * **

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Freshmen Sophomores Juniors Seniors* + ) $

Freshmen 29.25 30.759 27.647 26.66 26.891 24.817 29.623 29.339 29.877 31.302 31.796 32.969 36.627 36.026 37.678 37.71 39.654 40.924 41.836 40.051 38.764Sophomores 29.94 32.801 30.287 30.206 26.624 25.71 26.275 27.276 29.022 32.348 32.386 31.628 35.992 38.482 39.675 41.151 41.776 41.293 43.778 43.134 42.666

Juniors 39.046 40.673 39.179 40.133 37.274 35.587 34.518 33.972 38.27 37.34 41.148 41.771 46.42 47.148 51.005 53.225 53.953 53.356 51.728 55.599 56.021Seniors 39.735 41.548 41.819 44.812 42.333 42.253 38.382 38.689 40.689 40.016 43.858 43.889 49.215 50.285 53.86 58.848 58.322 59.803 58.701 60.928 63.026

Thousands

$$

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

)

)

) ))

)) )

)) ) )

)) )

)) )

) )

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Master'sDoctorate

)

$

Master's 8,265 8,592 8,355 8,857 9,316 10,148 10,449 10,934 10,236 10,041 9,874 8,920 9,300 9,055 10,937 11,703 11,853 12,388 12,083 13,323 13,311Doctorate 826 923 771 1,072 932 1,005 1,239 957 1,162 1,148 1,267 1,123 1,416 1,186 1,345 1,512 1,545 1,395 1,516 1,608 1,581

Number of schools 394 395 404 414 413 430 430 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480

3. Graduate enrollments


Autumn graduate journalism and mass communication enrollments

13,311

1,581

4. Number of programsGrowth in the number of undergraduate and graduate journalism and mass communication programs over the past 19 years


+

+

++++++

++++++++++

++

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

00

100

200

300

400

500

$

$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

)

)

) ) ) )) )

) ) ) ) ) ) )) )

)) )

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

00

50

100

150

200

250

M.A. Ph.D.) $

UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE

477

204

49

5. National undergraduate enrollmentsAutumn undergraduate enrollments across fields

#

#

# # # # # # ## # # # # # # # #

### # # #

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

Counts Low Estimate Mod. Estimate High Estimate#

Thousands

Source: National Center for Education Statistics "Projections of Education Statistics to 2017" Table 19, available at www.nces.ed.gov/edstats/

6. National graduate enrollmentsAutumn graduate enrollments across fields

#

#

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # #

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

Counts Low Estimate Mod. Estimate High Estimate#

Thousands


7. Undergraduate degrees grantedUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted


+

+

+

+ + + ++

++ +

++

+ +

+

++ + + +

87-88 88-89 89-90 90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-000

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

Bachelor's 31,207 30,426 33,331 33,570 33,840 34,553 32,847 30,638 32,147 31,374 33,375 35,311 38,294 38,432 42,060 45,839 47,923 48,983 49,092 49,932 50,559Number of schools 394 395 404 414 413 430 430 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480

+01-0202-0300-01

50,559

03-0404-05 05-06 06-07 07-08

8. Graduate degrees grantedGraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted


$$

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

)

)

) ) ))

)

)

)

) ) )

)) )

)

) )

)

)

)

87-8888-8989-9090-9191-9292-9393-9494-9595-9696-9797-9898-9999-000

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Master'sDoctorate

)

$

Master's 2,269 2,554 2,551 2,665 2,375 2,838 3,482 2,745 3,606 3,649 3,630 3,002 3,300 3,237 3,698 4,079 4,105 3,570 4,338 3,782 4,271Doctorate 89 100 106 141 121 150 197 110 142 125 200 181 217 165 181 222 211 178 206 158 226

Number of schools 394 395 404 414 413 430 430 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480

4,271

00-01 02-0301-02 03-0404-0505-0606-0707-08

226

9. Bachelor's degrees across fieldsUndergraduate degrees granted nationally

#

#

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #### #

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 190

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

Count Low Estimate Mod. Estimate High Estimate#


10. Master's degrees across fieldsMaster’s degrees granted nationally

#

#

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ### #

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 08 090

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000



11. Doctoral degrees across fieldsDoctoral degrees granted nationally

#

#

# # # # # ## # # # # # # # #

# # # # ###

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 190

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000



12. Enrollments by specializationUndergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments by specialization


%

%

%

%%

%%

%%

%

%

% %

%

%%

% %% %

%

+ ++ +

+ + + + + + + + + ++

++ +

++ +

)

)

) ) ) ))

) ) )) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

*

*

** * * * * * * * * *

* **

* ** * *

$$

$$ $

$ $ $ $

$$

$ $$

$$

$$

$ $

$

1988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0Journalism TelecommunicationsAdvertising Public RelationsOther

$ *) +%

Journalism 27.7 26.8 28.9 29.6 32.9 33.1 34.0 33.4 28.1 26.2 28.9 27.7 24.7 27.0 30.4 27.9 26.3 28.7 27.5 31.9 29.2Telecommunications 16.4 10.1 12.6 12.2 13.1 12.1 11.9 10.6 12.0 11.7 11.2 10.4 8.5 9.1 6.2 8.3 7.5 5.9 5.2 4.6 4.9

Advertising 17.2 15.3 15.4 14.0 14.7 13.0 11.1 10.8 10.6 8.7 9.4 9.6 9.1 9.4 9.0 9.9 10.1 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.1Public Relations 15.6 13.2 14.5 12.4 13.7 13.8 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.1 13.2 13.8 12.4 15.3 18.1 15.5 14.1 12.2 13.9 15.1 14.7

Other 23.3 34.7 28.4 31.8 25.5 28.0 30.7 32.5 36.4 41.3 37.1 38.4 45.3 39.2 36.3 38.4 38.4 40.5 40.5 35.5 38.8

Percent

13. Degrees by specializationUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by specialization


Percent

%

%

%%

%

%

%%

%%

%

% %

%

%%

%

%% %

%

++

+ + ++

++

+ + + + ++

+ ++

++

+ +)

)

))

) ) ))

) )) ) ) ) ) )

) )) ) )

*

*

* **

* * * ** *

* ** * * * *

* * *

$

$$

$ $ $$

$ $

$$

$$

$

$$ $ $

$ $

$

1988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Journalism TelecommunicationsAdvertising Public Relations Other

$ *) +%

Journalism 25.3 26.1 29.0 28.3 28.8 30.7 32.5 31.9 28.1 25.9 30.4 28.3 23.7 28.5 26.1 24.7 24.4 28.6 27.4 33.7 29.2Telecommunications 17.6 9.9 10.2 8.5 10.9 10.4 11.8 10.6 12.4 12.0 10.5 10.1 8.4 7.8 7.0 7.3 8.4 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.9

Advertising 18.8 21.1 19.5 17.9 17.6 18.1 16.2 14.1 13.8 10.8 12.1 12.8 11.8 13.2 14.1 12.1 13.5 11.7 12.7 13.8 12.5Public Relations 15.0 14.3 15.1 14.0 16.1 18.1 14.7 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.8 16.3 13.7 17.7 17.7 15.4 17.8 14.6 16.9 18.3 16.5

Other 23.5 28.6 26.2 31.2 26.7 22.7 24.9 30.3 31.9 36.7 31.0 32.3 42.4 32.8 35.1 40.5 36.0 33.4 32.4 23.9 32.9

14. Bachelor's enrollments - gender


Percent

**

* * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * *

$$

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 60.8 59.6 60.6 60.2 59.3 59.6 59.2 59.7 59.4 61.3 61.3 61.6 62.8 63.4 64.1 64.7 64.9 64.5 63.7 63.2 63.8Male 39.2 40.4 39.4 39.8 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.3 40.6 38.7 38.7 38.4 37.2 36.6 35.9 35.3 35.1 35.5 36.3 36.8 36.2

63.8

36.2

Bachelor's journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender

15. Master's enrollments - genderMaster's journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender


Percent

*

*

** * * * * *

* * * * ** *

* * * * *

$

$

$$ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $$ $

$ $ $ $ $

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 61.5 60.8 62.7 61.7 62.8 63.3 63.2 63.0 61.1 62.7 63.7 63.3 64.6 67.3 67.2 65.2 65.8 66.5 67.3 66.4 67.4Male 38.5 39.2 37.3 38.3 37.2 36.7 36.8 37.0 38.9 37.3 36.3 36.7 35.4 32.7 32.8 34.8 34.2 33.5 32.7 33.6 32.6

67.4

32.6

16. Doctoral enrollments - genderDoctoral journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender


Percent

*

*

**

*

*

**

* *

* **

**

** *

** *

$

$

$$

$

$

$$

$ $

$ $$

$$

$$ $

$$ $

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 44.3 44.6 41.2 44.6 40.1 48.2 50.5 48.6 47.8 54.0 53.2 56.1 53.9 56.6 54.7 56.5 58.0 56.0 58.8 57.8 56.0Male 55.7 55.4 58.8 55.4 59.9 51.8 49.5 51.4 52.2 46.0 46.8 43.9 46.1 43.4 45.3 43.5 42.0 44.0 41.2 42.4 44.0

56.0

44.0

17. Bachelor's degrees granted - genderUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender


Percent

**

* * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * *

*

$$

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 61.6 62.0 61.9 62.4 61.7 60.9 59.9 60.5 60.7 59.9 63.0 63.3 62.1 63.2 64.6 65.4 66.1 66.0 67.5 65.1 65.2Male 38.4 38.0 38.1 37.6 38.3 39.1 40.1 39.5 39.3 40.1 37.0 36.7 37.9 36.8 35.4 34.6 33.9 34.0 32.5 34.9 34.8

34.8

65.2

18. Master's degrees granted - genderMaster's journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender


Percent

*

*

* ** *

* **

* ** * * * *

* **

* *

$

$

$ $$ $

$ $$

$ $$ $ $ $ $

$ $$

$ $

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 60.7 61.0 61.3 63.7 62.4 64.3 62.6 65.0 62.3 63.6 61.7 63.0 64.6 64.6 64.2 66.6 68.1 65.1 68.4 67.5 68.2Male 39.3 39.0 38.7 36.3 37.6 35.7 37.4 35.0 37.7 36.4 38.3 37.0 35.4 35.4 35.8 33.4 31.9 34.9 31.6 32.5 31.8

31.8

68.2

19. Doctoral degrees granted - genderDoctoral journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender


Percent

*

*

*

*

*

* *

*

*

*

*

**

*

* *

* *

* * *

$

$

$

$

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$$

$

$$

$ $

$ $ $

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

FemaleMale

$

*

Female 37.8 38.5 44.0 49.0 43.7 44.7 50.5 38.1 45.8 39.8 52.9 49.4 53.6 48.7 50.3 55.2 54.8 59.1 57.5 57.7 57.8Male 62.2 61.5 56.0 50.7 56.3 55.3 49.5 61.9 54.2 60.2 47.1 50.6 46.4 51.3 49.7 44.8 45.2 40.9 42.5 42.3 42.2

Males: 51.3

57.8

42.2

20. Bachelor's enrollments - race/ethnicityUndergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification


Percent

* ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *% %% % % % % % % % %

% % % %%

% % % % %+

+

+ + + + + + + ++ + +

+ + ++ + + + +$

$

$ $ $$ $

$

$ $

$ $ $

$

$ $ $ $

$

$ $)

)

))

)

)

))

))

)

)

)

)

)

) ))

)

)

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Black Hispanic Asian Native American Foreign) $ + % *

Black 7.9 10.0 10.6 9.4 11.0 13.5 12.6 11.1 12.2 13.5 10.5 12.6 10.0 12.2 13.7 13.4 12.1 9.9 13.6 11.9 13.4Hispanic 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.2 5.1 5.5 8.1 6.2 6.0 8.5 8.3 8.4 10.2 6.7 6.4 5.9 6.4 10.5 6.8 7.0 7.3

Asian 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4Native American 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8

Foreign 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1

21. Master's enrollments - race/ethnicityMaster's journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification


Percent

*

*

*

*

*

* *

* **

* ** *

* *

*

** *

%%% % %

%% %

% % % %% % % % % % % % %

+ +

+ + +

++ + + + +

++

+ + ++

+ ++

+$

$

$$

$

$ $$ $ $

$ $$

$

$$ $

$$

$ $)

)

) ) ))

) )

))

)

))

)

)

) ))

)

) )

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0Black Hispanic Asian Native American Foreign) $ + % *

Black 6.7 6.2 6.2 5.7 6.4 7.0 6.9 8.7 7.9 9.9 7.9 8.6 7.9 9.4 11.2 10.7 9.7 7.9 10.0 10.3 11.5Hispanic 2.1 2.2 2.8 1.8 3.4 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.8 5.4 6.4 4.1 4.8 4.5 5.9 5.2 6.0 6.4 6.2


Foreign 11.8 14.0 11.6 9.3 11.2 10.8 12.9 13.3 12.1 15.2 15.5 14.1 14.1 12.7 12.7 9.8 12.2 11.0 11.3 10.0

22. Doctoral enrollments - race/ethnicityDoctoral journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification


Percent

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

**

* **

*

* * *

*

* *

% %%

%

%% % % % % %

% % % % % % % % % %

+

+

+ + + + ++

++ +

++

++

++ + +

+ +

$

$

$$ $ $ $

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$

$$ $

))

))

)

))

)

)) )

) ) )

) ) ) ) )

))

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0Black HispanicAsian Native AmericanForeign

) $+ %*

Black 9.7 9.2 7.7 10.4 5.9 8.0 5.6 9.6 10.7 10.5 5.8 6.0 5.9 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.1 9.1 5.9 7.4 8.0Hispanic 1.0 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9 3.0 1.6 3.0 3.1 4.1


Foreign 19.8 21.3 17.5 14.0 19.6 12.3 33.7 16.8 15.6 22.2 22.9 24.1 26.5 30.6 29.8 30.2 26.8 24.2 24.2 25.6

*** * * * * *

* * * * * * * * ** * *

%%

% % % % %% % % % %

%% %

%% % % %

%+

+

+ + + + ++

+ + + + ++

+ ++ + + +

+$

$

$$ $

$

$ $ $ $

$$

$$

$ $$

$$

$$

)

)

) ) ) )

))

))

) ) ))

)) )

)) )

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0


Black 7.2 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.4 10.1 8.9 10.1 8.9 10.7 10.3 10.4 9.6 11.1 10.2 10.5 9.7 10.4 10.1 9.4 10.7Hispanic 3.4 2.4 3.1 3.5 6.0 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 6.4 5.8 6.6 7.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.5 4.8 5.6 6.4 6.2


Foreign 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.4

23. Bachelor's degrees - race/ethnicityUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification


Percent

24. Master's degrees - race/ethnicity


Percent

Master's journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification

*

*

**

*

* *

* **

*

**

*

*

**

*

**

% %% % % % % %%

% % % % %% % % % % % %

+

+++

+ ++

++

+ ++

++

++

++ + +

+$

$

$ $$

$$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

$ $ $$

))

))

))

) )) )

)) )

)

) ))

) ))

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0Black Hispanic Asian Native American Foreign) $ + % *

Black 8.0 5.5 6.5 4.0 5.3 6.1 6.4 7.2 6.8 6.1 7.4 7.7 5.0 8.5 8.2 7.5 8.2 8.5 9.5 8.1 9.3Hispanic 3.1 1.9 2.3 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 6.2 7.5


Foreign 13.4 12.5 13.9 9.7 13.3 13.0 16.4 16.5 15.1 13.3 16.1 17.4 15.9 13.4 16.3 15.5 13.5 11.1 12.1 10.2

25. Doctoral degrees - race/ethnicity


Percent

Doctoral journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification

*

*

** *

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

*

*

* **

*

%%

% % % % % % % % % % %% % % % % %

% %

++

+

++

+ +

++ +

+

+ + + +

++

+

+

++

$

$

$ $ $$

$$ $ $

$ $$

$$

$$

$$

$

$

)

)

))

)

)

) )

)

)

)

)

)) ) )

) )

) )

)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080.0

10.0

20.0

30.0


Black 16.2 12.6 10.3 17.4 1.4 7.3 6.4 15.3 6.7 2.3 7.5 10.7 9.5 10.3 10.5 12.4 13.1 8.2 7.9 11.0 5.3Hispanic 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.0 2.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.2 2.1 3.9 1.8 0.0 1.9 4.9 1.7 4.8


Foreign 18.4 18.8 16.3 16.4 18.2 11.4 25.8 19.9 7.2 8.9 20.2 16.6 23.4 30.0 26.7 31.7 31.0 29.7 24.8 27.3

26. Reports on student characteristics


Percentage of units reporting on race/ethnicity, gender, and sequence specialization of undergraduate students

$

$

$ $

$ $$

$

$$ $

$

$ $

$$ $

$

$ $

$

+

+

+

+

+

++ +

++ + +

++ +

+ ++

++

+

)

)

)

)

)

)

) )

)

)

) )) )

) ) ) ) ) )

)

1988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720080.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Reports on gender Reports on race Reports on sequences) + $

Reports on gender 66.3 65.7 56.9 66.5 59.0 70.1 70.6 61.8 36.8 54.9 54.7 50.8 49.9 53.5 51.0 49.8 48.0 46.1 47.9 39.2 46.5Reports on race 51.9 54.0 46.9 58.6 51.5 56.7 58.8 48.8 45.5 43.5 43.3 38.4 42.5 44.5 38.9 38.0 41.2 34.4 38.3 31.6 35.8

Reports on sequences 61.6 58.8 57.6 65.4 67.0 63.1 49.6 59.9 54.9 54.9 66.1 53.0 52.1 73.1 79.3 78.8 73.4 51.2 49.4 40.5 52.2

27. Faculty size


Faculty size of journalism and mass communication units

$

$

$$

$$ $

$ $

$ $ $ $$ $

$ $

)

)

) ) )) ) ) )

) )) ) ) )

) )

1989 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000Full-TimePart-Time

)

$

Full-Time 4,126 4,346 4,457 4,639 4,998 4,845 5,038 4,969 5,410 5,252 5,685 5,891 5,994 5,995 6,350 6,550 6,804Mean FT/School 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.9 11.1 10.8 11.2 10.9 11.7 11.5 12.3 12.7 13 13.1 13.5 13.9 14.2

Part-Time 3,028 2,889 3,404 3,018 3,468 3,343 3,771 3,663 4,316 4,502 4,618 4,469 4,700 4,736 5,360 5,341 4,979Mean PT/School 7.7 7 7.9 7.1 7.7 7.4 8.4 8 9.3 9.8 10 9.7 10.2 10.3 11.4 11.3 10.4

N 393 413 431 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480

6,804

4,979

28. Hiring of full-time faculty


Journalism and mass communication faculty hiring in full-time positions; For 1997-1998 through 2007-2008

447 468 475

556611

558 574541

585

654604

719

Projection to Population0

200

400

600

800

10001997-98 Academic Year 1998-99 Academic Year 1999-2000 Academic Year2000-2001 Academic Year 2001-2002 Academic Year 2002-2003 Academic Year2003-2004 Academic Year 2004-2005 Academic Year 2005-2006 Academic Year2006-2007 Academic Year 2007-2008 Academic year 2008-2009 Academic Year

118 105

N=450N=451

N=456

60 44

N=462

180

N=458

188

N=463

175

N=458

200

N=463N=459

Number of growth positions for field

149

215

N=472

175

N=474N=480

256

29. Age of full-time journalism and mass communication faculty


25.9 27.3 27.9 29.5

74.1 72.7 72.1 70.5

2005 Estimates 2006 Estimates 2007 Estimates 2008 Estimates0

20

40

60

80

100

56 years old and older55 years old and younger

N=4,434

N=1,827

Number Full-Time Faculty = 6,350Number Retired 2006-2007 = 136

N=4,434

N=1,561 N=1,719

N=4,723


Number Full-Time Faculty = 6550Number Retired 2005-2006 = 130

Percent

N=2,004

N=4,800


30. Carnegie classification (2005) of journalism and mass communication programs

11.815.6

9.1

30.4

12.2

7 6.5 7

0.2

11.915.4

9

30.4

12.1

6.9 6.7 7.3

0.2

Research Universities VHResearch Universities H

Doctoral Research UniversitiesMaster's College & Univ. L

Master's College & Univ. MMaster's Colege & Univ. S

Baccalaureate Colleges A&SBaccalaureate Colleges Diverse

Special Focus Institutions0

20

40

60

80

1002007 2008

Percent


31. Programs classified by journalism degrees granted


57.9

32.5

8.3

0.4 0.2 0.7

57.6

33.3

8.3

0.4 0.2 0.2

57.6

32.9

8.6

0.4 0.2 0.2

56.9

32.5

9.4

0.4 0.6 0.2

Bachelor only Bachelor Bachelor, master Master only Bachelor and Master and 0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent

and master and doctorate and doctorate doctorate

'

'

'

'' ' ' '

)

)

)

)) ) ) )

$

$

$$ $ $ $ $

2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-20080

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

Annual SurveyIPEDS IIPEDS II

$)'

Annual Survey 38,432 42,060 45,839 47,923 48,983 49,092 49,932 50,559IPEDS I 59,833 66,442 72,634 76,082 78,463 80,347 82,010 84,698

IPEDS II 68,342 76,445 82,535 85,228 87,100 88,708 90,097 92,743


= IPEDS except Speech and Rethorical Studies= IPEDS All Communication

Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics

32. Bachelor’s degree granted: 2000-2008 IPEDS and Annual Survey Estimates


'

'

''

''

''

)

)

))

))

))

$

$$

$ $$

$

$

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000


$)'

2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008Annual Survey 3,237 3,698 4,079 4,105 3,570 4,388 3,782 4,271

IPEDS I 5,734 6,069 6,510 6,921 7,219 7,778 7,302 7,599IPEDS II 6,265 6,610 7,039 7,491 7,792 8,289 7,865 8,078



33. Master’s degree granted: 2000-2008 IPEDS and Annual Survey Estimates

'

'

' ''

'' '

)

)

) ))

) ) )

$

$

$$ $

$$

$

2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-20080

100

200

300

400

500

600

700


$)'

Annual Survey 165 181 222 211 178 206 158 226IPEDS I 371 383 399 435 468 464 480 496

IPEDS II 483 501 512 532 552 573 572 590




34. Doctoral degree granted: 2000-2008 IPEDS and Annual Survey Estimates

35. Criteria for faculty promotion decisions Importance - at the university level - of criteria for decisions about promotion from 1 (“not very important”) to 10 (“very important”)

8.1

5.8

6.7

5.6

6

2.7

6.4

4.5

5.7

6.8

4.4

5.4

7.7

6.9

6.4

6.1

5.6

Publication in refereed journalsPublication of textbooks

Publication of other booksChapters in textbooks

Chapters in other booksPublication of papers via InternetRefereed papers at conferences

Nonrefereed papers at conferencesPapers in conference proceedings

Refereed creative productsNonrefereed creative products

Invited contributions to conferencesStudent evaluations of teaching

Peer evaluation of teachingService to university

Service to the academic fieldService to communication occupations

0 2 4 6 8 10Source: Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments

Mean

5.6

5,6

5.4

7.8

6.8

6.4

6.15.6

4.4

2.6

6.7

6.4

6.0

5.6

7.9

2008 2007

36. Staff size by assignment


85.2

89.7

83.7

87.8

64.6

76

58.2

79.5

60.5

80.6

71.5

92.8

29.3

51

12.5

Job Placement full-time

Job Placement part-time

Development full-time

Development part-time

Computer Equipment full-time

Computer Equipment part-time

Broadcast Equipment full-time

Broadcast Equipment part-time

Advising full-time

Advising part-time

Other full-time

Other part-time

Total Staff full-time

Total Staff full-time

Total Staff

0 20 40 60 80 100

Pct. Zero

Programs with no staff persons handling the duties listed below

37. Staff size by assignment


Pct. Zero Maximum Sum Mean

Job Placement full-time 85.2 10 66 0.25

Job Placement part-time 89.7 4 31 0.12

Development full-time 83.7 14 76 0.29

Development part-time 87.8 12 47 0.18

Computer Equipment full-time 64.6 12 162 0.62

Computer Equipment part-time 76 6 79 0.3

Broadcast Equipment full-time 58.2 13 185 0.7

Broadcast Equipment part-time 79.5 27 99 0.38

Advising full-time 60.5 18 360 1.37Advising part-time 80.6 28 185 0.7

Other full-time 71.5 28 259 0.98Other part-time 92.8 10 34 0.13

Total Staff full-time 29.3 54 1108 4.2129

Total Staff full-time 51 43 475 1.8061

Total Staff 12.5 82 1583 6.019

Number of staff persons handling the duties listed below

38. Staff size by accreditation and ASJMC membership


7.9341

2.7802

10.7143

2.733

1.2889

4.0222

2.07091.2913

3.3622

Number full-time Number part-time Number total0

2

4

6

8

10

12

AccreditedNot accredited ASJMC memberNot accredited not ASJMC member

Mean

39. Changes in operating budget


25.623.1

49.9 50.2

24.5 26.7

2003 N=355 2007 N=2550

20

40

60

80

100

Decrease in operating budgetNo changeIncrease in operating budget

Percent

Mean +.05% SD 19.1 Mean -.23% SD 10.8

40. Hiring freeze at university


25.4

3.7 4.4 4.1

62.4

Faculty+Staff+All Faculty+Staff Faculty Staff No. Freeze0

20

40

60

80

100Percent Yes

N=75 N=11 N=13 N=12 N=184

Is there a hiring freeze at your university?

41. Units created by mergerJournalism and mass communication units created by merger five years prior to years 1996, 2003 and 2008


9.37.4

1.1

7.7

4.6

17

9.7

5.9 5.6

1996 2003 20080

10

20

30

40

50

AccreditedNot accredited but ASJMCNot accredited not ASJMC

Percent

42. Merger of programs Administrators who reported serious discussion about combining their programs with another


14.111.7

5.4

14.1

7.1

12.29.6 9.8

11

1996 2003 20080

10

20

30

40

50


Percent

43. Elimination of programs Administrators who reported serious discussion about eliminating their programs


5.3

1 001.2 2

3.21.9 1.4

1996 2003 20080

10

20

30

40

50


Percent

2008 Annual Survey of Journalism Mass Communication ......-3-The methods used in the Annual Survey...

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