2008 Aerosol Update Goddard Space Flight Center Peter Colarco, Code 613.3
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Transcript of 2008 Aerosol Update Goddard Space Flight Center Peter Colarco, Code 613.3
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
2008 Aerosol UpdateGoddard Space Flight Center
Peter Colarco, Code 613.3Robert Levy, SSAI/Code 613.2
Santiago Gassó, GEST/Code 613.2Ellsworth Welton, Code 613.1
Tom Eck, GEST/Code 614.4
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Update AgendaPurpose What is Aerocenter?
What have we been up to?What do we think about the future?
Context Synthesis talks around four science questions- How is the atmospheric aerosol changing on global and Ralph Kahn
regional scales?- How do aerosols affect storms and the hydrologic cycle? William Lau- How do aerosols and clouds affect the polar climate? Dorothy Koch- How do aerosols affect air quality, the human environment, Mian Chin
and natural ecosystems?
Wrap-Up Where do we go from here?- Summary Robert
Levy- Additional Aerosol/Cloud/Ecosystem (ACE) Concept Studies Mark Schoeberl
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
History of Aerocenter• Yoram Kaufman proposed the idea for Aerocenter as a Center of Excellence for
Aerosol Research in an unsolicited proposal to NASA HQ in August 2000– data center for distributing data and tools– organize the people already here in a cross-disciplinary way– visitor’s program to provide constant new people and ideas to Goddard
• Coincided with Franco Einaudi’s cross-cutting themes for Earth Sciences Division• Seminar series began in 2001• Visitor program funded for 2002• First Aerosol Update in 2003• Web site: http://aerocenter.gsfc.nasa.gov• Email list: 170 subscribers
⅓ NASA, ⅓ GEST, ⅓ other• Bi-weekly seminar series, paper discussions
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Aerosol Levers on Climate System
IPCC AR4 Working Group, 2007
AerosolsAerosols
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Species:Sulfate - SUNitrate - NO3Ammonium - NH4Water - H2OBlack carbon - BCOrganic carbon- OCDust - DUSea Salt - SS
Bauer et al, submitted to Atmos. Chem Phys. 2008: The Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state MATRIX, an aerosol microphysical module for global atmospheric models
Nucleationmode
Nucleationmode
Accumulation modes
Coarse modesCoarse modes
nucleation
coagulation
SUNH4NO3H2O
SUNH4NO3H2O
SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC
SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC
DUSS
condensationcoagulation
DUSSSUNO3H2OBCOC
Particle radiusParticle radius
10 m10 m1 m1 m0.1 m0.1 m0.01 m0.01 m
Aerosol Compositional Challenge
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Collaboration of NASA GSFC Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)Quick-look forecasts products available at a web site: http://hyperion.gsfc.nasa.gov/People/Colarco/Mission_Support
• Fill in temporal and spatial gaps in our observations (assimilation)• Inform selection of measurement strageties (OSSEs)• Short-term chemical weather forecasting (mission support)• Prediction of future climate
Aerosol Models
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Huisheng Bian, GEST-UMBC/NASA GSFC Code 613.3
Models Need Data
Evaluate models Say something about climate
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
FRP(MW)
1660
1383
1106
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553
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Terra-MODIS measurement of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) on 26-Oct-2003.
y = 0.018x
R2 = 0.859
y = 0.023x
R2 = 0.732
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FRE release rate (MJ/s)
Smoke aerosol emission
rate (kg/s)
TerraAqua
Canada regional fires, 2002
Smoke emissions proportional to fire radiative power
C. Ichoku, L. Giglio, M. J. Wooster, and L. A. Remer, Global characterization of biomass-burning patterns using satellite measurements of Fire Radiative Energy. Remote Sens. Environ., (In Press), 2008.
Synergy of Models and Data
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Cloud Albedo Effect
Gassó, S. (2008), "Satellite observations of the impact of weak volcanic activity on marine clouds" , J. Geophys. Res., 113, 27, doi:10.1029/2007JD009106. (In Press, Kaufman Special Issue)
Volcanic “ship tracks” – a natural laboratory for studying the indirect effect
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
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0 2 4 6 8 10susceptibility x 1000
Cloud albedo response to changes in cloud microphysics
MODIS Terra Susceptibility October 2005
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longitude
0 2 4 6 8 10susceptibility x 1000
Cloud Susceptibility
Platnick, S. and L. Oreopoulos, 2008: The radiative susceptibility of cloudy atmospheres to droplet number perturbations, Part I: Theoretical analysis and examples from MODIS. J. Geophys. Res. ( in revision for Kaufman special issue).Oreopoulos, L. and S. Platnick, 2008: The radiative susceptibility of cloudy atmospheres to droplet number perturbations, Part II: Global analysis from MODIS. J. Geophys. Res. (in revision for Kaufman special issue).
-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180
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longitude
4 8 12 16 20 24 28effective radius (µm)
Susceptibility is correlated with larger cloud droplet effective radius
Cloud Effective Radius
Susceptibility/cloud fraction relations are important!
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
J.V. Martins, Department of Physics – UMBC/ NASA GSFC Code 613.2Alexander Marshak, Robert Cahalan, NASA GSFC Code 613.2
Aerosols and Clouds
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Hygroscopic Growth in Amazonian Smoke
J.S. Schafer, Eck T.F., Holben B.N., Artaxo P.,Duarte A.F., Characterization of the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols in Amazônia from long-term AERONET monitoring [1993-95;1999-2006], J. Geophys. Res., 2007JD009319, in Press.
Aerosol Composition
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
V2&V1 Desert Dust CasesAngstrom Exp. = 0.16 - 0.32
V1 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V2 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V1 Hamim -Aug 23V2 Hamim -Aug 23
Wavelength (nm)
Hamim α(440-870) = 0.16 Sir Bu Nuairα(440-870) = 0.32
(440)=0.58Hamim AOD (440)=0.52Sir Bu AOD
Aerosol Composition: Aerosol Absorption in Desert Dust
Eck, T.F., B. N. Holben, J. S. Reid, A. Sinyuk, O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, D. Giles, O’Neill, N.T., S.-C. Tsay, Q. Ji, A. Al Mandoos, M. Ramzan Khan, E. A. Reid, J. S. Schafer, M. Sorokine, W. Newcomb, and I. Slutsker. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Column Integrated Aerosol Optical Properties in the Southern Arabian Gulf and United Arab Emirates in Summer, In Press, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres.
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Combining Data Sources
Atmospheric correction to retrieve surface
Surface reflectance to retrieve atmosphere
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Sinyuk, A., O. Dubovik, B. Holben, T.F. Eck, F-M Breon, J. Martonchik, R. Kahn, D. J. Diner, E. F. Vermote, J-C Roger, T. Lapyonok, and I. Slutsker, Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties from a combination of AERONET and satellite, Rem. Sens. of Env., 107, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.07.022.
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Active and Passive Aerosol Physical Property Measurements, Inverse Retrieval Studies and In-Situ Validation, Investigators: Whiteman/GSFC, Veselovskii/UMBC, Ogren/NOAA, Andrews/CIRES, Collaborators: Sinyuk/SSAI, Dubovik/CNRS, Holben/GSFC, Ferrare/LaRC, Hostetler/LaRC, Müller/IfTP, GermanyRecently funded by NASA Radiation Sciences Program
Joint retrieval of lidar and sun photometer– Aerosol size distribution measured by
lidar at three altitudes
Raman Lidar LabB33/F421B
NOAA AirborneAerosol Observatory
AERONET gives you total columnar information.
0.1 1 100
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dV/dlnr,
m3cm
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Radius, m
2.9 km2.3 km
1.5 km
Joint Lidar/AERONET Vertical Composition Information
Lidar gives you the vertical information
Validation campaigns with NOAA AAO, 2009 and 2010
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Aerosol Composition: Enhanced UV Aerosol Absorption
Black Carbon: TAU_ABS ~ -1
TAU_ABS as SSA
Nick Krotkov et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., manuscript in preparationNick Krotkov et al., Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004) , part 2: absorption optical thickness, refractive index, and single scatter albedo, Optical Engineering, 44(4) 041005, 2005.
ShadowbandShadowband
Measurements reveal• aerosol absorption differences between VIS and UV• aerosol is more absorbing than black carbon
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
MODIS/OMI Combination to Retrieve Aerosol Height
S.K. Sateesh, India Institute of Science on sabbatical at GSFC with ORAU
MODIS constrains extinction
OMI initial assumption of aerosol height
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Summary
Nucleationmode
Nucleationmode
Accumulation modes
Coarse modesCoarse modes
nucleation
coagulation
SUNH4NO3H2O
SUNH4NO3H2O
DUSS
condensationcoagulation
DUSSSUNO3H2OBCOC
SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC
SUNO3NH4H2OBCOC
Particle radiusParticle radius
10 m10 m1 m1 m0.1 m0.1 m0.01 m
0.01 m
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
V2&V1 Desert Dust CasesAngstrom Exp. = 0.16 - 0.32
V1 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V2 Sir Bu Nuair - Aug 23V1 Hamim -Aug 23V2 Hamim -Aug 23
Wavelength (nm)
Hamim α(440-870) = 0.16 Sir Bu Nuairα(440-870) = 0.32
(440)=0.58Hamim AOD (440)=0.52Sir Bu AOD
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
• NASA has the important role of putting remote sensing capability into space
• Comprehensive mission involves also– Extensive calibration and validation– Ground-based and airborne supporting
measurements– Modeling
• Doing science to answer our questions
What is a Mission?
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Aerosol Update, March 4, 2008
Hard Times Café, College Park