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Paper Reference(s)

6134/01

Edexcel GCEBiology (Salters-Nuffield)

Advanced

Unit Test 4

Wednesday 24 January 2007 Morning

Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Ruler NilCalculator

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) andsignature.The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.Answer ALL SIX questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).The total mark for this question paper is 60.

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions andarguments clearly and logically, taking into account your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Examiners use only

Team Leaders use only

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Paper Reference

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This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.

2007 Edexcel Limited.

Printers Log. No.

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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided

1. The table below shows when particular groups of organisms are found on a human body

after death.

Group Time after death / days

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A

B

C

D

E

= group present

(a) Explain how succession could account for the changes in the types of organisms

found on the body.

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(2)

(b) Describe how a key could be used to identify the organisms on the body.

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(2)

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(c) A forensic entomologist was asked to determine the time of death of a person found

dead in a wood. No clothing or personal belongings were found. Organisms fromgroups C, D and E were found on the body.

(i) Use the data to estimate the number of days since the person died.

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(1)

(ii) Explain why this estimate may be inaccurate.

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(2)

(d) Describe one technique that could be used to identify the person.

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(2) Q1

(Total 9 marks)

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2. A transect can be used to study trends in the abundance and distribution of organisms.

(a) Describe one method you could use to estimate the abundance of an organism at

intervals along a transect line.

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(3)

(b) State one biotic factor that could be measured at each interval.

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(1)

(c) (i) State one abiotic factor of soil that could determine the distribution of plants.

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(1)

(ii) Describe how you could measure this soil factor.

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(d) Discuss how primary producers are adapted to a named habitat.

Habitat.

Adaptation(s)

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(3) Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3. A common test for HIV infection (which can lead to AIDS) looks for the presence of

antibodies against the virus in the blood.

The diagram below shows how HIV stimulates the immune system to produce antibody

molecules.

(a) Label cells AE in the spaces provided on the diagram. The first one has been done

for you.

(4)

(b) Suggest how counting the numbers of one type of lymphocyte can provide a measure

of the progress of AIDS in a person with HIV.

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(2)

Key

HIV

AntibodyE

B

D

A B-lymphocyte

C

Stimulation

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(c) HIV infects human cells by binding to specific proteins on their surface. The gene

which codes for one of these surface proteins has two alleles. Allele a causessusceptibility to one strain of HIV. Allele A gives protection against this strain of

HIV.

The gene for a second surface protein also has two alleles. Allele b causes susceptibility

to a second strain of HIV. Allele B gives protection against this second strain.

A person with the genotype Aabb had a child with a person of the genotype aaBb.

Using a genetic diagram, find the probability that the child was protected against both

strains of HIV.

(4)

(d) Give two common symptoms of HIV/AIDS.

1 ....................................................................................................................................

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2 ....................................................................................................................................

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(2) Q3

(Total 12 marks)

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4. The orang-utan is an endangered species found in Indonesia. Some estimates suggest that

its population is falling by 5000 animals each year.

Much of the forest area inhabited by the orang-utans has a suitable climate for the

production of palm oil, and the demand for palm oil is increasing for use in food production

and biofuels. Orang-utans avoid palm oil plantations. Demand is predicted to be double

the 2004 value by 2020 as biofuels become more widely used, replacing fossil fuels.

The graph below shows changes in world palm oil production between 1995 and 2004.

85% of this palm oil is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia.

20041995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

5

10

15

20

25

30

0

World palm

oil production/millions of

tonnes

Year

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(a) (i) Describe the changes in palm oil production between 1995 and 2004.

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(1)

(ii) If Indonesia and Malaysia continue to produce 85% of the world supply of

palm oil, calculate how many tonnes of palm oil they will produce in 2020 if

predictions are correct.

Answer ....................................

(2)

(b) The map below shows some areas of Borneo where orang-utans were found in 1999

and in 2004. It also shows areas where palms have been planted to produce palm

oil.

1999 2004

(i) Describe the changes in the distribution of orang-utans between 1999 and 2004

shown by the map.

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(2)

Palm oil plantations

Orang-utan distributionX

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(ii) Suggest how the palm oil plantations labelled X might affect the genetic variety

of the overall orang-utan population.

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(2)

(iii) Discuss the benefits and problems caused by the planting of palms to produceoil. Your answer should refer to the effects on humans, orang-utans and the wider

environment.

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(5) Q4

(Total 12 marks)

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5. The antibiotic penicillin acts on a bacterium by weakening its cell wall so that it bursts.

The antibiotic tetracycline interferes with a bacteriums protein synthesis, preventing theproduction of new proteins by the bacterium.

(a) Suggest one reason why each antibiotic is not effective against viruses.

Penicillin

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Tetracycline

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(2)

(b) Describe and explain how each of these antibiotics would affect the numbers of living

bacterial cells in a laboratory culture.

Penicillin

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Tetracycline

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(c) Suggest how tetracycline helps a person to overcome a bacterial infection.

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(3) Q5

(Total 9 marks)

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6. (a) Discuss the ways in which the findings of Malthus were important for Darwins

development of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

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(3)

(b) Explain how Darwin and Lamarck differed in their explanation of how evolutionary

change occurs.

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(c) Suggest how the discovery of the role of DNA provided more support for Darwins

theory than for that of Lamarck.

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(2)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

Q6

(Total 8 marks)

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2007 Jan Unit 4

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