2007 Issue 3

TechnologyTodayRaytheon’s Command, Control,Communications and Intelligence Core MarketDelivering Operational Advantages for Our Customers

2007 Issue 3

HIGHLIGHTING RAYTHEON’S TECHNOLOGY

A Message From Dr. Taylor W. LawrenceVice President of Engineering, Technology and Mission Assurance

2 2007 ISSUE 3 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY

As one of Raytheon’s core markets, Command, Control, Communications and

Intelligence (C3I) is central to our strategy of developing innovative technologies to

drive growth and ensure Mission Assurance for our customers.

We are on target. We are leveraging our C3I expertise in exciting ways and are

developing a rich array of architectural constructs to look at command and control

across the spectrum of requirements, from real-time fire control to large-scale logis-

tics management of joint forces.

We are increasing our footprint in the market with our Joint Fires (JFires)

Demonstration program for multi-theater, multi-service Single Integrated Air

Picture (SIAP) capability, and we are winning business with recent successes such as

the Navy Multiband Terminal contract to provide the U.S. Navy with its next gener-

ation of satellite communications systems.

This installment of Technology Today takes a closer look at C3I and highlights other

ways we are increasing our C3I footprint, from the Perimeter Intrusion Detection

System to protect New York City-area airports for the Port Authority of New York

and New Jersey, to the Centaur automated handheld technical fire direction system.

In this issue’s Leaders Corner, Peter Boland, vice president of corporate

Engineering, discusses the role of Engineering at Raytheon and the challenges it

faces in driving growth in C3I, MSI and all of our core market areas.

While I’m on the subject of ET&MA leaders, I would once again like to extend my

welcome to Greg Alston, our new vice president of Mission Assurance. Greg has hit

the ground running since joining us in June, and has been busy developing an

enterprisewide Mission Assurance vision, strategy and process, which we’ll begin

introducing this winter.

Finally, I would like to congratulate our Excellence in Operations and Quality

Award winners. Ninety-five award recipients were recognized in June at the Mission

Assurance Forum with one of the company’s highest honors. The efforts of these

award recipients have made significant contributions to the success of our company

and our customers. They all deserve our thanks.

Until next time …

Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence

Do you have an idea for an article?

We are always looking for ways to connectwith you — our engineering, technology andMission Assurance professionals. If you havean article or an idea for an article regarding technical achievements, customer solutions,relationships, Mission Assurance, etc., send italong. If your topic aligns with a future issueof Technology Today or is appropriate for anonline article, we will be happy to consider itand will contact you for more information.

Send your article ideas [email protected].

C3I Systems: Critical Building Blocks to Delivering Net-Centric Solutions 4

Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 6

The Next Generation of Troposcatter Systems 9

Leveraging Technology to Realize Service-Oriented Architectures 11

Centaur Program Rapidly Calculates Weapon-Firing Data 14

Leaders Corner: Q&A With Peter Boland 15

Eye on Technology

Processing 17

Materials and Structures 18

Rollout of Architecting Methods Course 20

Getting to Know Your Raytheon Certified Architects 21

CFM Profiles: Outstanding Achievements That Help Ensure Our Customers’ Mission Success 22

2006 Excellence in Operations and Quality Awards 23

Raytheon’s 2007 Mission Assurance Forum 24

Spring Technology Network Symposia 25

New MathMovesU Website 28

Raytheon Homeland Security Radio Station 29

U.S. and International Patents 30

EDITOR’S NOTE

INSIDE THIS ISSUE

Technology Today is published quarterly by the Office of Engineering,Technology and Mission Assurance

Vice President Dr. Taylor W. Lawrence

Managing EditorLee Ann Sousa

Senior EditorsJohn CacciatoreKevin Wynn

Art DirectorDebra Graham

PhotographyDon BernsteinRob CarlsonAlain EkmalainDan PlumptonCharlie RinikerBob TuresJane TuckerKen Ulbrich

Publication CoordinatorCarol Danner

ContributorsLen BrownDoc DaughertyRoberta GotfriedJaclyn GutmannTerry HastingsDavid PeterBarry PetersonMarcilene PribonicRalston RobertsonSharon Stein

RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2007 ISSUE 3 3

Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence, or C3I — we all know what itstands for, but what does it really mean?

Just think of your car. Commands are sent to the control portion of your car to increasetemperature, send heated air to the windshield, add fuel to the engine, apply pressureto the brakes, or change the frequency band on your radio. These controls and numer-ous sensors are then communicated throughout the car. The dashboard becomes a situ-ation awareness display to advise us of certain conditions (e.g., low oil pressure, washerfluid, gas, etc.). Similarly, communications provide navigation via your car’s GPS system.We also receive intelligence via our radios to advise us of inclement weather, road con-struction and rush hour conditions — all part of the C3I systems that we use every day.

Raytheon uses these same principles to develop sophisticated C3I systems for our customers to provide safe, efficient air travel, to navigate ships and aircraft, to providedefensive capabilities to protect our military and civilians, and to provide homeland secu-rity. Essentially, by converting raw data into actionable information, these systems provideour customers on and off the battlefield with integrated multi-dimensional support.

In this issue, you’ll read about some of these integrated systems, as well as what ourEngineering leadership says about the vital role our engineers and technologists play inRaytheon’s success — and ultimately our customers’ success.

Enjoy!

Lee Ann Sousa

Command, Control,

Communications and

Intelligence (C3I)

capabilities are an

essential ingredient to

solving our customers’

problems. Raytheon must

be able to deliver these

solutions in a context of

systems-of-systems that

are embedded in a net-

centric operations (NCO)

environment. This will

demand seamless

interaction and

interoperability between

communications systems,

Command and Control

(C2) systems and

intelligence systems.

In turn, this means that

Raytheon will need to

provide the associated

systems engineering and

architecture in order to

deliver NCO-compatible

solutions to our

customers in the areas

of homeland security,

transportation

management, urban

warfare and defense. 4 2007 ISSUE 3 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY

Feature

C3I Systems: Crit ical Bui lding Blocks to Del iver ing

Net-Centric Solutions


Feature

Raytheon is developing enterprisearchitectures, reference architec-tures and systems engineering

approaches that will provide a jump startfor the rapid development and deploymentof these C3I solutions. For example, in thelast two years, Raytheon has been investing in developing reference architectures forcommunications, C2, netted sensors andhomeland security. These tools will allow us to design and develop near-term solu-tions for our customers in the context of a long-term C3I vision.

Dr. David Alberts, director of Research forthe Department of Defense Networks andInformation Integration, points out in arecent article1 that C3I demands agility,focus and convergence. Agility requires thatwe address complexity and uncertainty.Focus provides the necessary concept andpurpose, and convergence provides thegoal-seeking process that guides actionsand effects. These three fundamental principles are driving the solutions present-ed in this C3I issue of Technology Today.

The first article is an example of howRaytheon is combining communicationswith C2 and intelligence, to address ahomeland security problem for the PortAuthority of New York and New Jersey,which serves almost 90 million annual passengers. Perimeter Intrusion DetectionSystem (PIDS) uses C2 to detect, assess andtrack intrusions, and provides the necessarycommunications for the wireless mobileusers and sensors to operate effectively in acluttered, complex environment and in allweather conditions. The PIDS system alsoprovides intelligence on activities in areassurrounding the airport boundaries. Long-range surveillance sensors are used todetect and track suspicious targets, andlong-range cameras are used to monitorsuspicious activities. Repeated activities canbe noted and analyzed using PIDS recordingand playback functions to look for behav-ioral patterns. This project is extendable forhomeland security and defense applica-tions, such as the defeat of improvisedexplosive devices (IED).

The second article discusses how to lever-age Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in

NCO system solutions. It describes how aC2 system, Advanced Field Artillery TacticalData System (AFATDS), uses C3I technologytools and our Raytheon C2 reference archi-tecture to update an existing capability andexpand it to a more generic, longer termsolution. It allows the user to use theGlobal Information Grid (GIG) to achieveinformation superiority. The warfighter candiscover, view and act on information thatwas previously hidden from the user.Intelligence information is provided by theDistributed Common Ground System(DCGS) Integration Backbone (DIB). The DIBis also used to integrate AFATDS and theJoint Target Manager (JTM). This results inthe integration of Fires with ISR (Intelligence,Surveillance and Reconnaissance). The useof SOA has allowed Raytheon to spiral-innew technology capabilities to achieve aneffects-based solution within a long-termNCO vision.

The third article addresses a communica-tions systems approach to C3I. The nextgeneration of troposcatter systems will pro-vide over-the-horizon high-capacity militarycommunications as an alternative to satel-lite communications. Raytheon has devel-oped a next-generation troposcatter termi-nal that is no larger than a satellite termi-nal, is quickly set up, requires no specialoperator skills and provides data rates inexcess of 20 Mbps. This capability will support the interconnectivity of present and future C3I systems.

The last article describes the use of a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) personaldigital assistant (PDA) as a key componentto provide decision support solutions to C3I systems. This system, Centaur, is amodern lightweight solution that can provide accurate firing solutions for rapiddeployment units.

These articles provide a quick overview ofhow Raytheon is using architecture and sys-tems engineering solutions in a NCO envi-ronment. We are also paying special atten-tion to ensure that these C3I solutions areagile, focused and convergent — and consistent with the direction of Dr. Alberts.This will allow us to address future cus-tomer needs by adding new technology-

related, operational capabilities within afuture context of NCO.

In the last four years, I have been the tech-nical director for NCS C2 systems, a mem-ber of the Raytheon Architecture ReviewBoard and the technical leader on the NetCentric Operations Enterprise Campaign. I will bring this experience, coupled withRaytheon C3I systems capabilities, to mynext Raytheon assignment. To that end, Ihave recently been appointed director ofthe Raytheon IED Defeat EnterpriseCampaign. I look forward to working withall of you in Raytheon as we address thiscritical problem and provide solutions to our military personnel and civilians.

Please check out our IED Defeat URL on the Raytheon home page and send us your proposed solutions. •

Jude E. Franklin, Ph. [email protected]

1 David S. Alberts, “Agility, Focus, and Convergence:The Future of Command and Control” International C2Journal, Volume 1, Number 1, 2007, Command andControl Research Program, OASD, NII.

Jude Franklin, Ph.D.Director, Raytheon IED DefeatEnterprise Campaign


Feature

The Perimeter Intrusion Detection System ... assisting the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

Intrusion detection, tracking and assessment


Feature

R aytheon was awarded a $100 million contract in January 2006 to develop the Perimeter Intrusion

Detection System (PIDS) for the PortAuthority of New York and New Jersey(PANYNJ). PANYNJ operates the world’s pre-mier airport system serving almost 90 mil-lion passengers annually. These airports —John F. Kennedy International (JFK), NewarkLiberty International, LaGuardia (LGA), andTeterboro — employ close to 70,000 peopleand represent a combined annual economiccontribution to the region of $48 billion.

The PIDS mission is to detect, assess andtrack intruders attempting to gain accessinto exterior secure areas, and to aidPANYNJ in determining and dispatching theappropriate response forces to counterintrusions. Threats include landside intru-sions at all four airports and watersideintrusions at JFK and LGA.

PIDS provides a layered, multi-sensordefense against intrusions by employingintrusion detection, tracking and assess-ment throughout all required secure areasin good and adverse weather. Various sen-sors — ground surveillance radars (GSR),video motion detection-equipped camerasand smart fencing — combined with over-lapping coverage provide a minimum 95percent probability of detection (Pd), a lowprobability of false alarm (Pfa), a low nui-sance alarm rate (NAR), and a 99.9 percentoperational availability (Ao). Target locationsare displayed in real-time on an airportfacility map at the operator’s control anddisplay workstation (CDW).

Upon detection of an intrusion event, PIDSprovides an assessment capability based oninfrared (IR), low light level, and daylightvideo cameras in good and adverse weath-er. Assessment cameras are automaticallyslaved to the intruder location, and surveil-lance sensor feedback maintains the cam-era(s) on the target track. Users may alsomanually control any assessment camera.Video is displayed to the PIDS users on theCDW and on large screen (46”diagonal)ceiling- or wall-mounted monitors at select-ed facility locations.

There are several components to the userinterface presented on the CDW: (1) thefacility map with intruder and police vehiclelocations; (2) multiple video windows dis-playing live or recorded video; (3) an eventqueue, with standard operating proceduresautomatically displayed based on the selected event’s type; and (4) system administration tools. The PIDS operator isable to control all aspects of the systemfrom this single user interface.

Wireless mobile communications with PortAuthority Police Department officers in thefield is also provided. Target locations aredisplayed on vehicle mounted computers. In addition, officers may view assessmentvideo. Police vehicle locations are alsotracked and displayed. These capabilitiesgreatly improve the situational awareness of response forces.

PIDS also interfaces with two legacy systems: (1) an Access Control System(ACS); and (2) existing Closed CircuitTelevision (CCTV) systems.

System RequirementsKey requirements that drove the systemdesign are:

Target Characteristics: These include thetarget types — person, vehicle, watercraft— and their cross-sectional area. In general,only the smallest target type needs to bespecified, as the system is designed todetect and track such targets. This is typi-cally a person, usually with a cross-sectionalarea of 0.5 m2 to 1 m2. The target speedrange should also be specified; a typicalrange is 0.1 m/s to 30 m/s.

Operational Availability: This is expressedas the percentage of time the system is fullyavailable to perform its mission. An Ao of99.9 percent corresponds to a downtime of8.76 hours/year. The allowed downtimeencompasses both total system failure anddegraded mode operations, as well as peri-ods of reduced system performance causedby extreme weather. Achieving a specifiedAo typically involves providing redundancyamong system components, and providingoverlapping sensor coverage.

Environmental Factors: Maximum rainrate is a key parameter impacting sensorperformance and consequently Ao. A selected rain rate is used in modelingsensor performance. Similar considerationsapply to snow, fog and wind.

Probability of Detection: The system isdesigned to detect targets with the speci-fied characteristics under specified adverseweather conditions. Target detection zonesare identified, usually around the facilityperimeter. Within these zones, a minimumPd of 95 percent is maintained.

Probability of False Alarm: False alarmsare associated with sensor noise. Pfa is specified on a sensor basis. A typical GSR Pfa is 10-6.

Nuisance Alarm Rate: Nuisance alarms aregenerated by the system detecting targetsthat do not satisfy the target characteristics.For example, a small dog or bird may bedetected and tracked, even though it maynot satisfy the required target characteris-tics. The NAR is usually expressed as anallowable number of nuisance alarms perdetection zone, per specified time period.The achievable NAR is highly dependent onthe facility environment.

System Architecture and DesignThe PIDS implementation effort is dominat-ed by the design and construction of thecivil infrastructure necessary to supportboth the sensor network and the mobilecommunications. Raytheon’s approach todesigning the physical system architecturebegins with facility drawings augmented bysite surveys. The drawings show whereexisting power and fixed communicationsnodes are located. These existing nodes areemployed wherever possible to reduceimplementation time and effort.

Accurate sensor models for both radars andcameras (visible and infrared), expressed asPd versus range curves, are developed.These curves incorporate weather effectsand target characteristics, along with

Continued on page 8


FeatureContinued from page 7

specific sensor characteristics. This modelingresults in a maximum usable sensor range.

The power and communications locationscontained in the facility drawings are usedwith the sensor models to develop a sensornetwork layout. Raytheon’s Sensor TerrainAnalysis Tool (STAT), which utilizes the Pd

versus range curves, terrain data includingbuildings, height restrictions and othertopographic constraints, is employed forthis purpose. STAT produces a color codedPd map of the entire facility. Low Pd areasare corrected by adding additional sensors.

The PIDS program was generalized to devel-op a system concept called the IntegratedSecurity System for Airports (ISSA). Eachsubsystem is COTS-based, modular in design,with well defined interfaces. This supportsfuture upgrades and expansions as new andimproved products become available. Thecomponents and functions of each subsys-tem are described in the following.

Intrusion Detection and TrackingSubsystem (IDTS): The IDTS functions as thesurveillance sensor front end. Any type of sur-veillance sensor can be integrated, however,three principal sensor types are usuallyemployed. (1) GSRs are employed in unob-structed areas as the principal means ofdetecting and tracking targets due to theirexcellent all-weather capabilities and lowcost/m2 surveillance and tracking capabilities;(2) Video motion detection–equipped CCTVand IR cameras are employed in areas withobstructions, typically near facility buildingsand other types of structures; and (3) smartfence sensors are employed in low trafficareas as a supplementary means of intrusiondetection. Surveillance sensor inputs are col-lected, processed and fused, and alarms aregenerated and transmitted to the commandand control subsystem. ACS events are alsoprocessed within the IDTS and passed to thecommand and control subsystem.

Intrusion Assessment Subsystem (IAS):The IAS provides video to assess intrusionevents 24/7 in good and adverse weatherconditions, thereby assisting users in deter-mining the appropriate response. A combi-

nation of visible light and IR cameras areemployed to allow assessment in the fullrange of lighting and weather conditions.The cameras can be operated manually,automatically and in touring mode. In automatic mode, IDTS-generated positiondata automatically slave a camera to a moving target.

Command and Control Subsystem(C2S): The C2S provides the operator inter-face and event management functions.Both a geographical map and a tabular listrepresentation are displayed to the opera-tor. Alarms from different sources areprocessed: access control system alarms,perimeter intrusion alarms, loss of commu-nications alarms, low power alarms, tam-pering alarms, etc. Alarms are prioritizedbased on user defined rules. The highestpriority alarm is always presented to theoperator for action. The operator employsvideo from assessment cameras and stan-dard operating procedures to validate thealarm and react appropriately in concertwith security force personnel. The C2S alsologs all operator actions and incident data.

Communications Subsystem (CS): The CSconnects all field components includingsensors to computer resources located inserver rooms. A high speed (1 Gbps orgreater) Ethernet fiber optic network isemployed, combining high bandwidth

communications necessary for video trans-port with low communications latency.Mobile data and video communicationswith response forces are also provided.

Power Subsystem (PS): The PS providesthe power distribution system andUninterruptible Power Supplies for all sys-tem components — interior and exterior.

Video Management Subsystem (VMS):The VMS manages all video, including real-time display, replay, storage and archiving.The number of cameras, the video resolu-tion and frame rate, and the video reten-tion period are significant parameters thatdrive the required video storage capacity.Legacy CCTV systems are accessed throughthe VMS.

In conclusion, Raytheon provides a totalsolution to our PANYNJ customer, includingtechnology, civil infrastructure design andconstruction, and maintenance. In addition,the PIDS design, as generalized by the ISSAconcept, is also applicable to protectingother critical transportation infrastructure,such as seaports and rail yards. •

Guy [email protected]

Simon [email protected]

Len [email protected]

Block diagram of integrated security system for airports

Perimeter Intrusion Detection System


Feature

In the 30 years since Raytheon devel-oped the AN/TRC-170 family of tacticaltroposcatter systems — and produced

over 800 systems for the U.S. Army, AirForce and Marine Corps — little attentionwas given to the next generation.

During the 1970s, troposcatter was theonly means to convey megabit data at over-the-horizon distances up to several hundredkilometers since tactical SATCOM capacitywas limited to critical C2. Over the last 25years, the focus on over-the-horizon high-capacity military communications shifted toSATCOM with continuous upgradesplanned for the foreseeable future. Despitethis rapid growth in SATCOM capability, thegrowth in information need-lines has beeneven greater, resulting in the need to leaseexpensive commercial SATCOM resources.While many of these high-capacity SAT-COM need-lines span ranges that are com-patible with troposcatter operation, theAN/TRC-170 is often not used because it’sconsidered too large, too slow to setup,limited in data rate, and it requires speciallytrained operators.

To exploit this opportunity, Raytheon undertook an IRAD project starting in 2005 to develop a prototype next genera-tion troposcatter terminal. Ideally this newterminal would have many advantages overits predecessors: It would be no larger thana SATCOM terminal; it could be quickly setup; it required no special skills to operate;and it would provide data rates in excess of 20 Mbps.

That next-generation terminal is the DART-T,or Dual-mode, All-band, Relocatable,Tactical–Terminal (DART-T). It has been pro-duced in HMMWV-mounted, trailer-mount-ed and transit case (Flyaway) versions. Tocombine small size and ease of use withhigh performance, DART-T has achieved anumber of technological firsts, includingsingle antenna quad-diversity, Ku-bandpropagation, software definable advanced

modulation, automatic antenna alignmentand adaptive data rate.

The DART-T DesignTo keep DART-T competitive in cost, it wasdecided to use proven components fromrugged commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)SATCOM terminals where possible. Hence,the terminal antenna is based on a singleCOTS 2.4m High-Wind Vertex/RSI antennawhich has previously been adapted toHMMWV, trailer, and transit case transport.

While high-performance tropo links oftenuse larger antennas, going to higher RF frequency also gives a smaller antennahigher gain. Thus, a Ku-band capability was incorporated and a new angle diversityfeed was developed, which provides twoindependent beams in elevation spaced bya little over one beamwidth. The use ofangle diversity and dual transmitters (fre-quency diversity) allows DART-T to achievequad-diversity with only a single antenna,while TRC-170 needs dual antennas forthis performance — a large reduction interminal “footprint.”

Ku-band was previously rejected for troposcatter operation due to potential rainattenuation, but USAF/MITRE-sponsored

Continued on page 10

The Next Generation ofTroposcatter Systems

Guy GermanaSenior PrincipalEngineer; NCSAirspace Managementand HomelandSecurity

Years with Raytheon: 10

Q: Which programsare you working on?

A: I’m working onseveral programsrelated to perimetersecurity. TheLaGuardia Airport

CCTV System will provide the airport policewith a video surveillance capability. The SafeHaven program is a study contract to developa security concept for rail yards. And I’m alsowriting a perimeter security section for theRTCA Airport Security guidelines.

Q: How did you become involved with perimeter security?

A: I worked on most major air traffic controlsystems — oceanic, en-route, and airport —for 20 years. I was ready for something new!

Q: What are some of the challenges you’re facing?

A: Raytheon is still expanding our MissionSystems Integration positions, so there arechallenges there. Moving from the defenseworld to the commercial/civil world is also a big challenge.

Q: Did anything in particular prepare you foryour present role?

A: My engineering educational backgroundhas helped me tremendously — thank youUniversity of Maryland! The opportunity tomanage several engineering projects has alsohelped tremendously.

Q: What’s the secret to individual success at Raytheon?

A: It’s really the basics — understanding what the customer wants, ensuring the customerunderstands and agrees to what Raytheon isproviding, and managing change.

Q: What about your job keeps you up at night?

A: Figuring out how to deliver value to the customer, given their budget constraints.

Q: What excites you about your job?

A: I’m excited to have the opportunity to participate in a new and growing businessarea, and I enjoy working with the peopleinvolved. I’ve met quite a few smart peoplethroughout the company.

ENGINEERING PROFILE

An HMMWV-mounted DART-T is tested at Camp Pendleton.


FeatureFeature Troposcatter SystemsContinued from page 9

testing in the 1990s showed that rain alsoenhanced the forward scatter, so the neteffect was often neutralized. Since theCOTS 2.4m antenna is motorized in eleva-tion and azimuth pointing, algorithms weredeveloped to allow the antenna to auto-matically search and acquire the signal fromthe distant terminal. This feature, combinedwith software that allows operators to estimate link performance before setup,nearly eliminates the special skill needed by an operator in the areas that are uniqueto troposcatter.

Another innovation is a new state-of-the-art modem developed at Radyne, whichallows data rates up to 20 Mbps comparedwith the 4 Mbps maximum for TRC-170.This new modem also incorporates forwarderror correction coding and provides severaldBs of system advantage even at TRC-170data rates. This software-definable modemallows any data rate in 1 bps incrementsrather than the handful of fixed rates previously available.

Another major first for DART-T is the incor-poration of Adaptive Data Rate, whichallows the DART-T terminals to automatical-ly adapt the data rate to the prevailing tro-poscatter path conditions. Previously, tropodata rates were set based on the maximumthat could be supported 90 to 99 percentof the time, despite the fact that most ofthe time signal levels could be as much as20 dB higher. With Adaptive Data Rate, theDART-T always provides maximum through-put — an ideal solution to an IP-based net-work (all military nets are migrating to IP).

DART-T TestingDuring 2006, DART-T Ku-band prototypeswere successfully tested on an 83-mile tro-poscatter path at Otis Air Force Base, a 45-mile diffraction/tropo path at Ft. Huachuca,and a 5-mile triple-diffraction path at CampPendleton. At Otis AFB, side-by-side testingwas conducted against the TRC-170 V2(largest family member) on the same path,and performance was comparable on bothsystems at the same data rates. This was a

clear indication that a viable tactical tro-poscatter system could be implemented atKu-band, and that a much smaller terminalcould exceed TRC-170 capabilities.

Testing at Ft. Huachuca and CampPendleton demonstrated data rates to 20Mbps, which were error-free for long peri-ods. Most of the time, performance wassuch that two parallel 20 Mbps streams, or40 Mbps total, could be transferred. •

Fred [email protected]

Side-by-side DART-T and AN/TRC-170V2testing at Otis AFB

A transit case DART-T at Ft. Huachuca

Trailer Mounted DART-T at Ft. Monmouth

Douglas Johnson Program Manager;

NCS Effects/Battle

Management

Systems Group


Q: What program

are you working on

these days?

A: I’ve been working

with AFATDS

(Advanced Field

Artillery Tactical Data

System) programs for 16 years. During that

time, I’ve held various positions; it usually

changes every three years. The program is

always evolving, so the work has never gotten

monotonous.

Q: How did you arrive at your current position?

A: I started my career as a digital circuit design-

er. Then when digital design became less need-

ed due to microelectronic design advances, I

transitioned into system engineering. From

there I got into program team leadership, proj-

ect management, project engineering and final-

ly program management.

Q: What are some of the things that have allowed

you to excel at Raytheon?

A: There are a few. One is working for very

supportive leaders who help guide my career

and give me greater responsibility going for-

ward. It’s also important to work with a very

dedicated team. Another key is not being

removed from my responsibilities when things

don’t go as well as planned. I think it’s really

important to have the opportunity to make

decisions and then learn from your mistakes —

that’s how you grow.

Q: What part of your job concerns you the most?

A: I’d say worrying about making all of our

commitments. Maintaining a healthy work/life

balance for me and everyone on the team is

also a challenge.

Q: What’s the most rewarding aspect of your job?

A: Providing products the meet or exceed the

users needs. And of course seeing soldiers get

excited about the product — and really want to

use it!

ENGINEERING PROFILE


Feature

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) isa well-established strategy within theDepartment of Defense for meeting

the transformational goals of net-centricwarfare (NCW). By exposing capabilities tothe Global Information Grid (GIG), thewarfighter achieves information superioritythrough his ability to discover, view and acton information and capabilities previouslyhidden within systems, effectively breakingtraditional stovepipes.

This transformational goal can be realizedwithout impacting functionality in the fieldthrough a phased migration strategy com-bining current technology with key technol-ogy insertions. Raytheon Effects/BattleManagement Systems (E/BMS) has beenmigrating C2 systems of record and relatedproducts toward NCW SOA goals over thelast 10 years.

Migrating a Current Force System Intoan SOA EnvironmentCurrent force systems can be migrated intoan SOA using several approaches rangingfrom exposing or adapting interfaces torefactoring the system architecture. On theAdvanced Field Artillery Tactical DataSystem (AFATDS), we are using multipleapproaches to achieve this migration.

AFATDS is the Fire Support Command andControl (C2) system employed by the U.S.Army and U.S. Marine Corps units to pro-vide automated support for planning, coor-dinating, controlling and executing fires andeffects. It prioritizes targets received fromvarious sensors and performs attack analysisusing situational data combined with com-mander’s guidance. The result is timely,accurate and coordinated fire supportoptions to engage targets using Army,Marine, Navy and Air Force weapon sys-tems. Enhanced by an SOA, these capabili-ties will enable an expanded warfighteraudience to make timely decisions for jointtarget engagement and synchronization.

Shortly after AFATDS was fielded in 1996,Raytheon and the Army product managerfor the Fire Support Command and Control(PdM FSC2) office collaborated to developthe Effects Management Tool (EMT) to pro-vide AFATDS capabilities to remote users. Atthat time, a client-server architecture usingCommon Object Request BrokerArchitecture (CORBA) Interface DefinitionLanguage (IDL) was created, establishingthe foundation for our subsequent SOAmigration strategy.

As NCW concepts emerged, AdvancedConcept Technology Demonstrations(ACTD) exercises and experiments focusedon realizing the tenets of NCW and SOAprimarily through Web-service technology.In 2004, AFATDS began transitioning theCORBA IDL interface to Web services, aswell as defining new Web services as partof the Family of Interoperable OperationalPictures (FIOP) initiative and the Joint Forces

Command (JFCOM), J9 Joint Fires Initiative(JFI) Limited Objective Experiment (LOE).These services were further refined throughparticipation in various other activities andexperiments that focused primarily on theJoint Time Sensitive Targeting (TST) Thread.The relationship of the AFATDS Web servic-es to the TST thread is depicted in Figure 1.

By leveraging these experimental results,the AFATDS program has already fieldedselected Web services. Moreover, it will fieldenough Web services in its next majorrelease (early 2008) to completely replacethe original CORBA IDL.

Incremental Migration Strategy toRealize SOA GoalsThe creation of Web services by itself doesnot fully realize an SOA. Additional aspectsinclude defining meta-data for search and


Leveraging Technology to Realize

Service-Oriented Architectures

Figure 1. Web services that support the Joint Time Sensitive Targeting Thread


FeatureContinued from page 11

discovery, integration with infrastructureservices, scaling up to support many users,and the eventual retiring of the system inlieu of services on high-performanceservers. The AFATDS program has addressedthese aspects through a multiphase migra-tion strategy that’s currently in progress.

Our migration strategy consists of severalarchitectural changes implemented overseveral discrete phases. One of the firstchanges created a remote Java 2 EnterpriseEdition (J2EE)-compliant Web applicationserver. This remote server provides allAFATDS Web services and can be deployed

on a separate high-performance Windowsserver, thus off-loading the Web serviceprocessing burden from the AFATDS C2platform.

The next change makes AFATDS itself capa-ble of being deployed on a high-perform-ance Windows server. To accomplish this,AFATDS is being modified to run on a serv-er without a local operator. This steprequires additional Web services to providethe data and functionality needed for theGraphical User Interface (GUI). A singleJava-based thick client — combining theGUI with EMT — will be created that can

be configured based on user role and skilllevel. A related change adds a thin-clientcapability to support edge users. Any userwith appropriate privileges will be able toaccess fires and effects services via a FiresPortal using a standard commercial browser.

The final phase of our migration strategytransforms AFATDS into a collection of services that can be separately shared orreplaced within a total net-centric environ-ment. During this phase, selected compo-nents are separated and designed to meet awell defined and publicized interface.Eventually, all capabilities will be available

Service-Oriented Architectures

Figure 2. Integration of Fires and Targeting capabilities within the DIB


as separate services (or be replaced byequivalent services) to provide a NetworkedFires C2 capability.

Using Technology Insertion to Bring NewCapabilities Into an SOA Environment In addition to transforming current forcesystems, additional SOA capabilities can becreated by combining current technologieswith new product development. In onecase, we developed an SOA-based productthat presents critical warfighter informationby combining data from multiple currentforce systems. The Joint Target Manager(JTM) was created to provide net-centricWeb service and role-based GUI access totactical targeting information collected fromcurrent force systems such as AFATDS,Theater Battle Management Core System(TBMCS), and Cursor on Target (CoT). Aspart of its SOA adaptation, JTM also pro-vides a Web service interface for access byother warfighter applications, a browserinterface for remote warfighters, and a GUIfor local warfighters.

In another case, we added new capabilitiestaken from current applications into adeveloping SOA environment. TheDistributed Common Ground System(DCGS) program recognized the need for anew architecture to address warfighterintelligence collection gaps and to supportsystem-of-systems integration within a dis-tributed enterprise environment. The result-ing network-centric architecture is based onSOA and J2EE technologies. The center-piece of this architecture is the DCGSIntegration Backbone (DIB) and the DIB’sMeta-Data Framework (MDF). Multiple DIBscan be federated, thus providing an enter-prise-wide environment where producersand consumers can publish data and sub-scribe to and receive data appropriately.

The DCGS-Navy program office also recog-nized the need to integrate ISR and Fires C2capabilities. This resulted in both customer-funded and enterprise campaign effortsthat brought Fires C2 and related capabili-ties into the DIB enterprise to reduce sensor-to-effects timelines and increase situational understanding.

After analyzing DIB integration levels andthe AFATDS interface, we selected Level 2Resource Adapters as the most appropriateintegration level. Level 2 Resource Adaptersprovide a facade between the DIB and anexisting system. The Resource Adapter usesexisting system interfaces, performs datatranslations, and uses the MDF interfacesfor data insertion and extraction to/fromthe DIB. This path was selected becauseAFATDS already provided Web services, sup-plying exposed operations via Web ServicesDescription Language (WSDL) and XMLschemas. JTM was also integrated into theDIB using a similar approach, thus bringingFires C2 and Targeting capabilities into theDIB (see Figure 2).

In other cases, we brought new capabilitiesto the DIB by including an EnterpriseService Bus (ESB) to provide messaging andmediation services between the DIB and theAdvanced Communications Service (ACS).The tactical message/XML transformationsprovided by ACS facilitated the integrationof existing systems with key Meta-DataCatalogue (MDC) Web-based objects.

SummaryBecause SOA capabilities greatly increasethe warfighter’s effectiveness, they are akey factor in Department of Defense pro-curements today. C2 systems require SOAcompatibility to stay relevant to today’sdefense strategies. AFATDS is an importantmulti-service current force program activelymigrating toward the net-centric environ-ment, and JTM is an example of a newwarfighter capability made possible byleveraging SOA access.

Strategies to migrate current force systemsto SOA through technology insertion notonly preserve the government’s investmentin current systems, but also offer a clearpath for new tools that benefit the net-centric warfighter using the unprecedented data and capability access allowed by SOA. •

John [email protected]

Dale Anglindale_e_anglin @raytheon.com

John Lindquistjohn_t_lindquist @raytheon.com

Leonard Brown Manager of Prototype CapabilitiesDevelopment for C2Solutions Team; NCSEffects/Battle Management Systems Group


Q: Which programs areyou working on?

A: I’ve been doing command and control-related business develop-ment for the last twoyears. Previously, I worked with the AFATDSprogram, doing advanced technology develop-ment for 10 years.

Q: What inspired you to work with this program?

A desire to apply state-of-the-art technologiesto existing capabilities to enhance warfighterC2 effectiveness. This spans improving communications, user interfaces and overallease-of-use, to making broader application of C2 capabilities and transitioning them more rapidly to the users.

Q: What makes the AFATDS program successful?

A: The AFATDS program is a rare example of a successful collaboration among the user,customer and contractor that has enabled theproduct to evolve to meet the user’s needs. The AFATDS development team continues toapply disciplined system, software and testengineering to all functionality enhancements.As a consequence, they’ve created a firm technology base that can be applied to solveproblems in many other capability areas.

Q: Why have you excelled in your present role?

A: I have always enjoyed seeing ideas turn intoreality. I experienced this as a young engineerdeveloping robotics, and continued to enjoy itthrough the varied communications, IFF andC2 tools to which I have contributed.

Q: What’s your primary goal as a manager?

A: We have many bright people here with greatideas. My personal goal in my role as a managerhas always been to enable those people to applytheir ideas to our development opportunities.

Q: How can Raytheon maximize the potential of individual employees?

A: Ensure that everyone understands our business road map and how their efforts fit intothat road map. Also ensure that individualswith good ideas that don’t obviously fit theroad map still have the opportunity to bringthose ideas to the forefront — because theymay very well help evolve the road map.

ENGINEERING PROFILE


Feature

The CentaurProgramanswers

critical multi-service(U.S. Army, U.S.

Marine Corps) require-ments to rapidly calculate

cannon and mortar weapon-firing solutions in training and combat. Thisis possible because of the development,acceptance and deployment of its CentaurTechnical Fire Direction (TFD) System.

Using a commercial-off-the-shelf personaldigital assistant (PDA), the Centaur program isa modern, lightweight handheld product thatsafely and accurately calculates firing datafor rapid deployment units (airborne, airmo-bile, light infantry and amphibious forces)during the early phases of forced entryoperations and during split-unit operationssuch as artillery raids or leap-frog movement.

Centaur is also used as an independentmeans of validating the primary tactical/technical fire control system, TFD solutions.The primary system is Raytheon AdvancedField Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS).It calculates weapon and munition-specificaiming information, allowing fire missionsto be rapidly and safely fired en route and/or immediately upon occupation of a firingposition, prior to the arrival and setup ofAFATDS. This additional capability allowedCentaur to replace the 20+ year-old backupcomputer system (BUCS), which had notbeen supported for more than a decade.

Centaur is the first and only fielded systemto ever calculate both combat and trainingsafety data, then compare individualweapon firing solutions to the safety con-straints to identify potential safety viola-tions. Centaur automates the previouslymanual method of calculating safety infor-mation during live-fire training exercise toprevent training accidents. It is unique in itsability to consider nonstandard conditionsin all its safety calculations. Further, workingclosely with customer subject matter experts,Raytheon developed the Digital SafetyComputation Rules, which are now beingextended and used to evolve published mili-tary doctrine and/or unit procedures.

The Next-Generation CentaurThe Centaur contract was initiated in April2002. Version 1.0 began fielding inFebruary 2004 and is now in use duringcombat operations by U.S. Army andMarine Corps warfighters in both Iraq andAfghanistan. Version 1.1 is currently beingfielded to new and retrofit units, and hasbecome a part of the joint artillery schoolcurriculum. A third version (Version 2.0),which has completed development, has atargeted materiel release of October 2007.

Enhanced capability in Version 2.0 includesdigital communications (when using aRugidized PDA with a Raytheon TacLink3000 modem), the latest Digital SafetyComputation Rules, and incorporation ofadditional munitions and the 120 mmRifled Towed Mortar weapon system.Digital communications includes the recep-tion of the Meteorological MIL-STD-6017message over a MIL-STD-188-220c networkand also TACFIRE communications to theGun Display Unit (GDU) located on the can-nons. Reception of the Centaur system bymilitary units can best be described as“enthusiastic adoption” with some unitspurchasing their own hardware to getahead of the official fielding schedule.

Centaur is a model acquisition programthat reflects a true government-industrypartnership. The “user” representative(TCM FSC3, Fort Sill, Okla.) is responsiblefor articulating and validating all systemrequirements. The product manager’s office(PM Battle Command, Ft. Monmouth, N.J.)executes the contract options and managesthe cradle-to-grave life cycle.

Recognizing Outstanding PerformanceDuring initial Centaur development, allthree elements (TCM, PM and Raytheon)collaborated to clearly define the require-ments and expectations. As such, the TCMassigned an artillery officer, as part of train-ing with industry, to work for a year onCentaur. This foundation was leveragedinto solid control of work scope, cost andschedule. Additionally, active duty soldiersand Marines were brought in to directlyinfluence functionality and test Centaurcapabilities during program development.

The end result is a highly regarded anduser-friendly product delivered below costand ahead of schedule. In fact, the govern-ment’s Customer Performance AssessmentReport (CPARS) rated Raytheon’s work per-formance on Centaur (on AFATDS Contract)for 2004 and 2005 as “Exceptional” — aperfect score.

The Centaur Handheld Technical FireDirection system also received a DoD Top 5Program Award for 2005. This award recognizes the successful implementation of systems engineering best practices resulting in program success.

The Centaur artillery fire direction system isa valuable addition to the fires and effectscapabilities of U.S. forces. It ensures thatcannon and mortar delivery systems haveavailable attack options immediately uponinsertion into the combat area by land, seaor air. Further, even if the primary tacticaland technical computing system is unavail-able, cannon and mortar delivery systemsremain a viable attack option.

Centaur technology (small form factor,easy-to-use functionality) opens up severalopportunities for Raytheon, including director foreign military sales of Centaur.Specifically, the adaptation of Centaur tech-nology by Raytheon should enable the cap-ture of adjacent markets (for small formfactor computer/communications) such asgun control system, logistics personnelcommunications, others needing situationalawareness/communication on the battle-field, and commercial first responder type applications. •

Douglas [email protected]

Jeffrey Weiss (left), U.S. Army product director,Handheld Systems, and Douglas Johnson,Raytheon NCS E/BMS program manager,Handheld Products, accept the DoD Top 5Program Award for the Centaur Program atthe NDIA Systems Engineering Conference.

Centaur Program Rapidly Calculates Weapon-Firing Data


Recently Technology Today talkedwith Peter Boland, vice president of

corporate Engineering, about therole of Engineering at Raytheon and thechallenges it faces in driving growth. He also discussed his career at Raytheon,the value of diversity, and what early-career engineers can do to advance in the company.

TT: What role do Raytheon’s engineersplay in the success of the company?

PB: Raytheon’s engineers contribute tothe company in two main areas. The firstis innovation. Raytheon is known as atechnology company. It’s expected thatRaytheon is always on the leading edge oftechnologies in our markets. We dependon our engineering staff and our technol-ogy staff to keep Raytheon at the fore-front of technology and innovation.

The other major category, especially intoday’s environment, is program perform-ance. If Raytheon is going to continue togrow, and if our customers are going tobecome an advocate of Raytheon on vari-ous programs, especially the area ofMission Systems Integration, Raytheon hasto perform very well on its programs. Inaddition, we have to make sure that wekeep all of our promises to our customers.

In doing so, it is critical for the engineer-ing staff, who is the engine of the successof these programs, to understand preciselywhat responsibilities they have, as well asbeing accountable for the work they do.

TT: Why is accountability so important?

PB: I firmly believe that Raytheon hasworld-class people in Engineering. Wherewe sometimes fall short is in the area ofaccountability. The challenge for leadership,management and supervisors is to continu-ally hone this great talent by providing clearprocesses, standards and expectations.That discipline will enable us to serve ourcustomers to our fullest potential.

One of the ways to do that is by focusingmore on Performance Excellence. We needto make sure we understand things likecontractual requirements, and better man-age our subs and suppliers. We really needto treat our subs, suppliers and partners asjust another Raytheon IPT. As a result, manyof our key goals in Engineering address theneed for accountability, continuous learningand process discipline. If we can excel inthese areas, I believe we will be unbeatable.

TT: So will engineers also have to become Performance Excellence or Quality professionals?

PB: No, not exactly, but they need to helpdrive these processes. At the end of theday, program leadership and leadershipteams aren’t the only ones responsible forPerformance Excellence, Engineering istoo. If we don’t do get behind it, it’s notgoing to get done the way it should.

TT: What other challenges doesEngineering face?

PB: An upcoming challenge for Raytheonis going to be maintaining growth duringthe inevitable decline in U.S. defensespending. When this happens, a potentialarea of growth is in the Mission SystemsIntegration or the MSI arena.

This will require Engineering to do severalthings. One, it requires that we do systemsengineering to a much higher level thanwe have done in the past. And, [itrequires] that we develop requirementsfrom the systems level, from the missionsystems level, all the way down to compo-nents and parts that we supply.

Increased MSI work will also require thatRaytheon have a larger number of part-ners — meaning we’ll be dealing with alarger number of subcontractors and suppliers. We are going to need to learnhow to manage such organizations out-side of our own environment, much betterthan we do today, if we’re really going togrow in that arena.

That will necessitate better program man-agement skills, better technical skills, morediscipline and following our own process-es, as well as ensuring that our detailedprocesses get flowed down to all of ourpartners and contractors, etc.

That’s going to be a significant challengefor our engineers, and we’re working veryhard in that direction right now with the

Engineering staff, program management,Supply Chain and Performance Excellenceorganizations.

It requires a slightly different skill set thanmost of our engineers have today. Theyneed to understand how to adapt to it. Infact, we’ve been training engineers inthose areas. They’ve been very willing andexcited about moving forward in that area.

TT: Can you provide some examples ofhow Engineering is working to improveour MSI capability and skills?

PB: Systems engineering is essential toour growth. To emphasize that, I havebrought one of the company’s most seniorand experienced systems engineers ontomy staff, Brian H. Wells. Although Brian isRaytheon’s chief systems engineer, a keyresponsibility he has is to grow our systemsengineering capabilities through people,learning, accountability and mentoring.

Brian is working closely with the SystemsEngineering Council to develop commoncompetency models, improve our process-es and develop people at all levels. He isworking with the corporate learningorganization and local universities toimprove systems engineering learning. Atevery opportunity, as Brian traverses ourbusinesses, he makes sure to visit with systems engineering leadership to instill the merits of process discipline and bothfunctional and individual accountability.


Dr. Peter BolandVice PresidentCorporate Engineering

LEADERS CORNER


Continued from page 15

Once Brian has his arms around makingRaytheon a world-class systems engineeringhouse, he will expand those efforts to otherengineering disciplines.

For Raytheon to truly be an MSI, we needour businesses to be able to work as onecompany. That means that in addition to acommon core process — IPDS — we need tohave as many common tools as is rational.Engineering is pursuing an initiative to movetoward a common Product Life Management(PLM) suite of tools to make “design any-where, build anywhere, support anywhere”a reality. The foundation of this suite is acommon Product Data Management (PDM)system. Today, Raytheon has almost 30 dif-ferent PDM tools as an artifact of the legacycompanies. Many of these are archaic and nolonger supported. We have selected a com-mon tool and are in the process of planning astrategy to implement it across the company.

Other initiatives that will help include devel-oping a common approach to HealthManagement Systems — loosely defined asprognostics, a common strategy for RFspectrum management; working withPerformance Excellence to improve ourSupplier Rating System; and working withthe Raytheon Six Sigma™ community, sup-porting the implementation of a Green BeltProgram, to name just a few.

TT: There have been some exciting CMMI®

milestones in the businesses. Is that alsopart of this strategy?

PB: Absolutely. CMMI is a very powerfultool to help ensure efficiency, reduce vari-ability and ensure the same excellent stan-dards of quality from project to project andlocation to location. The businesses havedone a commendable job of achievinghigher appraisal levels, which have enor-mous benefits for the company — givingus the ability and agility to design any-where and build anywhere. This year, NCSachieved Level 5 across all of its business’sites for systems, software and hardwareengineering — an astonishing achievement.Most other businesses have been appraisedat level 3 or 4. We’re well on our way toour future goal of reaching CMMI Level 5across the entire Engineering function.

TT: Switching gears, you have had quite avaried career at Raytheon. What do youattribute your success to?

PB: Well, it started with a solid foundation.The reason I became an engineer is that Iwas fortunate in that my father was aneducator. He taught math and science, andhe instilled in me an interest in these sub-jects. We always had puzzles when I was akid. We were always fixing things aroundthe house. And I just became very interest-ed and curious about those kinds of things.

He encouraged me to become an engineerand to continue my education in that direc-tion, by being very supportive. I was luckyin that regard, because I had parents whohad the ability to encourage me and coachme, if you will, in becoming an engineer.

Earlier this year, I celebrated my 38thanniversary with Raytheon. I’ve enjoyedworking here all these years, becauseRaytheon has provided an encouraging andexciting environment for me to operate in.

Yes, I’ve had a varied career at Raytheon.When I first joined the company, I workedin several different organizations and pro-grams. I saw various forms of engineering,test engineering, analysis, and did designwork. I got to see those designs actuallybuilt and tested and come to fruition. I wasalso able to work with customers to ensurethat we met their requirements.

Through the years, Raytheon also encour-aged me to further my education. I went tograduate school under Raytheon’sadvanced studies program, and I was ableto get my master’s degree and eventually,my Ph.D. through that program.

Raytheon has been great to me. I’ve gottento see many different businesses and manydifferent functions. Although I was amechanical engineer when I first came toRaytheon, I’ve done electrical engineeringwork, and I’ve done some systems engi-neering work. So, over the years Raytheonhas provided the environment where engi-neers are encouraged to be the best they can.

TT: As you know, the Raytheon environ-ment values diversity of all kinds. How doesdiversity relate to Engineering?

PB: In many ways, but let me highlighttwo. The first is in diversity of thought. As Imentioned, we have great, smart people atRaytheon. But sometimes that confidenceand ability could be perceived as arrogance.We are not as open as we need to be toother people’s ideas, perspectives andinput. As a result, programs can get dis-

jointed, team health suffers, and we mightnot be effectively collaborating to come upwith the best solution for the customer.

The second reason an inclusive environ-ment is important to Engineering is thatour workforce is becoming more and morediverse. If Raytheon wants to retain andattract the best people, we need to be ableto tap into every available talent pool. Ifyou’re a talented individual, we want youto feel like you can make a contribution toRaytheon, and that you’re welcome here asan important part of the company.

I believe we are a leader in our industry inthis area, illustrated by the recognition andnumerous awards Raytheon has receivedfor its work in diversity and inclusion.

TT: So, what advice would you give toearly-career engineers at Raytheon?

PB: First, I would recommend continuingyour education. This could be done formallythrough Raytheon with a master’s degree, aPh.D. or even an MBA; or informally, bytaking in-house courses or courses on yourown. It’s a lifelong learning process. Most ofour engineers, I believe, really understandthat, and, in fact, are pleased with theopportunities that Raytheon provides them.

Another recommendation would be to makeyour career as varied as possible. Don’t getcornered into doing the same thing for sev-eral years. There’s certainly nothing wrongwith learning a trade or a specific aspect ofengineering over a few years. But every fewyears, you should be asking yourself,“What do I need to do next?”

Look for variety — not only in the engi-neering and technical skills, but also inleadership skills. Whether it be a line man-ager, a section manager or a departmentmanager; whether it be a program leader,an IPT leader or a project leader; whether itbe a subcontract manager working withsuppliers to ensure that they’re providingRaytheon the best that they can.

They need to understand that they have toplan their careers and not expect things tojust happen to them. They need to beproactive with either their local manage-ment, or I really encourage them to get amentor and discuss their career path withthat person.

Careers aren’t cast in concrete — every fewyears they should be reevaluated. Developa plan, but don’t be afraid to change it. •

Q&A With Peter BolandLEADERS CORNER

Y E S T E R D A Y … T O D A Y … T O M O R R O W

on Technology

The Many Benefits ofCollaboration and Reuse

P R O C E S S I N G

A new hire needs to convert vastamounts of data from ECR to LLA inMatlab, but she doesn’t know what ECRrefers to. Is it the same as ECF? ECI?

Her mentor wants to pass on his expertisebefore retiring, but hasn’t met others whoneed it presently. Where can he record hisknowledge for later use?

A systems engineer who has to present at aconference is unsure of security and propri-etary issues and has forgotten travel rules.Where does he find this information?

An engineer needs to prepare a unique pro-posal. Where can she find examples andguidelines? Has someone down the hall orat another Raytheon facility ever written asimilar proposal?

Have you ever spent hours or days unsuc-cessfully researching something, only tolater discover that the answer was wellknown within Raytheon? How often haveyou rewritten code because you didn’t trustwhat was available? Have you ever run intoa problem that you know must have alreadybeen solved, but you still spend precioustime recreating the mousetrap?

These and similar stories of wasted timeand missed communication are played outdaily in a large company like Raytheon.Well, just imagine the gains we could makewith well-used collaboration and reuse.

CART: Dedicated to Reducing Wasted Time The Collaboration and Reuse TechnologyInterest Group (TIG), or CART, as it’s known,is working to address these issues. Theeffort began last fall at an impromptu“Birds of a Feather” meeting at theProcessing Systems Technology Network(PSTN) Symposium. Many employees and atleast one customer representative agreedthat we need more collaboration and morereuse to keep pace with competitors andincrease our efficiency. Many stories weretold describing experiences of wasting timerepeating efforts.

One concern with the development of thesetools was how the government may limit

them. However, Mission Systems Integrationrequires massive integration and reuse ofcomponents and software. The Departmentof Defense (DoD) intends to establish aGForge-type installation, and at the PSTNSymposium the customer strongly encour-aged collaboration and reuse. CART willhelp Raytheon move ahead of the curve inthis regard, by providing the tools, culture andunderstanding to help with the DoD’s goals.

Since the 2007 PSTN Symposium, CART hassearched out similar efforts around thecompany, partnering with these activitieswhenever possible. To start the process,CART has developed three tools — all ofwhich can be accessed through SSO by any-one with ITAR approval. Export ControlledRegulated Data is permitted, but not classi-fied information.

1. Raytheon Wiki (http://openwiki.app.ray.com/Main_Page) Wikis are articlesthat may be edited by anyone. Using thismodel, Wikipedia.com has rapidly builtthe largest, most complete and accurateencyclopedia in the world. If you’reknowledgeable about a certain topic, youcan submit articles, edit other articles, orprovide comments supporting or chal-lenging the accuracy of the information.

The wiki home page has a “RelatedLinks” section which will lead you to several more collaboration and reuseprojects across the company.

2. Raytheon Forum (http://openforum.app.ray.com) Forums allow you to col-laborate with people across the company.It’s a place to hold discussions, findexperts and exchange knowledge. Newgroups can be formed around specifictopics of interest.

3. Raytheon GForge (http://gforge.rms.ray.com) Based upon the SourceForgemodel familiar to many young engineers,this site allows software project manage-ment, storage of code and the search forcode snippets in a variety of languages. A wiki-based software repository maysoon allow for rating of scripts.

Having these tools available to everybranch, department and division ofRaytheon naturally creates communicationacross our boundaries. You can share any-thing from instructions for synthesizing thenew Lattice soft processor to a list of thebest lunch restaurants in McKinney, Texas.

People at every level can contribute.Younger engineers in particular are alreadyfamiliar with the many tools and habits ofreuse, like Wikipedia, blogs, SourceForgeand MySpace. Managers can encouragebroader communication and reuse. Seniorengineers could make their valuable knowl-edge available across the company throughwikis or forums. Each person who solves aproblem can record their solution as code oran article. Your contribution can helpRaytheon do more — more quickly andmore reliably.

Collaboration and reuse tools are a greatframework, but the usefulness will grow aspeople record what they have learned.Readers can immediately edit or filter infor-mation on the pages to make sure that theyare both accurate and helpful. As a result, thequality of the knowledge and code will growas users add their knowledge and opinions.

Imagine that our young engineer finds wikison the two coordinate systems and an arti-cle explaining the different methods for cal-culating latitude. She follows links to reposi-tories of coordinate transformations, sortedby language (maybe even by program), ifthat information is not classified. Finally,someone on the forum gives her tips speed-ing up Matlab. The same research which mayhave taken her a week to complete, onlytakes a day thanks to collaboration and reuse!

In turn, she can now help her mentor writewikis so that his knowledge is available toeveryone in Raytheon for years to come.Our presenter reads his department’s wikion external conferences and suggests a proposal library for his boss, where shelearns of examples and tools from a similarproject on the other side of the country.

How can you save time today? •

Michael [email protected]


Y E S T E R D A Y … T O D A Y … T O M O R R O W

on Technology

Ultra Low-PowerFlexible Electrophoretic Displays

M A T E R I A L S & S T R U C T U R E S

Whether it uses flashing LEDs or a 60-inch plasma TV, every electronic deviceneeds a way to present information. Today,most interactive devices (including laptops,cell phones and PDAs) use a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) to display information. WhileLCDs have many advantages over theirpredecessor, cathode ray tubes, they stillleave much to be desired for many applica-tions — especially the dismounted soldier.LCDs require a power-hungry backlight,have poor outdoor viewing characteristics,and have a form factor that limits portabili-ty. With soldiers already heavily loaded withexisting equipment, adding batteries to theload is not a popular option.

On the contrary, electrophoretic displays(EPDs), sometimes called electronic paper,have enhanced readability and operate atup to 100X lower power levels. In addition,EPDs can be made in a flexible form factor,allowing for tighter integration with the soldier’s uniform. This article describes thetechnology behind EPDs and discusses whyRaytheon is leading the integration of soldier applications in this industry.

If you’ve ever used your cell phone or PDAin direct sunlight, you know an LCD’s read-ability limitations — poor contrast ratio inbright conditions. Since EPDs are reflectiveand operate without a backlight, theybehave just like paper; that is, they maintain

the same contrast ratio over all viewingconditions, including direct sunlight at 170-degree viewing angle. It’s just like readingthe newspaper. This is critical for the dis-mounted solder who often works outdoors.In addition to helping readability, removingthe backlight also eliminates a large per-centage of the display’s power usage.Furthermore, the “ink” used in EPDs isbistable, meaning that power can be com-pletely removed from the system, and thedisplay will retain its state. Power is onlyconsumed when changing the display’sstate. This allows systems to use far fewerbatteries, and as such, removes unnecessaryweight from the soldier.

Electronic paper was first developed in the1970s at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center,but was not widely commercialized untilJoseph Jacobson, a professor in the MITMedia Lab, founded E Ink in 1997. Sincethen, E Ink has begun integration of theirproprietary imaging film, or ink, into watch-es, cell phones, smart cards and large signs.

E Ink’s imaging film utilizes millions of tinymicrocapsules, each about 50µm in diame-ter, filled with electrically charged white andblack pigments suspended in a clear fluid.The black pigment is negatively charged,while the white pigment is positivelycharged. Thus, when an electric field isapplied across the microcapsules, the

pigments separate and are forced againstthe top and bottom walls of the microcap-sule. Depending on the polarity of theapplied field, the viewer will see the displayturn white or black.

To render a pixilated image on an EPD, themicrocapsules must be sandwichedbetween two electrodes. The top electrodeis a uniformly charged, optically transparent,conducting material, and the bottom elec-trode (called the backplane) contains anarray of electrodes to form the pixel array.Much like LCDs, EPDs can utilize thin filmtransistors (TFT) to form the active matrix ofpixels. The backplane is then connected todisplay circuitry, which switches the “ink”on and off at specific pixels by applying thecorrect voltage patterns.

To achieve a full color EPD, a color filterarray (CFA) is placed above the microcap-sules. The CFA typically consists of a regular pattern of three or four colors (one assigned to each pixel) spread acrossthe surface of the display. For example, a2x2 grid of red, green, blue and white pixels may be repeated across the entiresurface of the CFA. To reproduce color, thedriving circuitry must control each subpixelaccording to the desired color of the pixel.More than 4,000 colors are possible withthis approach.


Courtesy of U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center

There are currently limitations to the technology as it stands today. While low-resolution flexible displays presently exist,high-resolution flexible displays still repre-sent a manufacturing challenge. For ahigh-resolution flexible EPD (>80ppi), a TFT backplane must be made on a flexible sub-strate, such as polymer film or thin steel.This is a significant challenge, and it willrequire continued research over the nextfew years from the industry.

An additional challenge remaining withEPDs is to increase the update rate.Currently, the image update time rangesfrom 260ms (black and white mode) to740ms (grayscale mode). To attain themaximum power advantage by utilizingbistability, it is actually desired that theaverage update rate be slow. For certainapplications, such as electronic books, thisis the exact intended use.

Raytheon has partnered with E Ink and theFlexible Display Center (FDC) at ArizonaState University to accelerate the road mapof flexible display technology. We areleveraging commercial products from E Inkto produce militarized prototype units tobe tested by the dismounted soldier. Thispromotes customer interest and helpsidentify the first generation market spacefor this new technology.

To achieve true Network CentricOperations, we must extend the networkdown to the individual soldier. EPDs are akey enabling technology to achieve a user-friendly, ultra low-power network at thislevel. Raytheon’s expertise in communica-tions systems and flexible displays enablespotential MSI roles for future C2 and situational awareness systems. In addition,there are multiple opportunities for newapplications, such as wearable displays androllable, tileable large situation displays. •

Ben [email protected] www.MathMovesU.com

When you help a student master the Pythagorean theorem,

you could be supporting a future engineer who will master

nanotechnology. That’s why Raytheon created MathMovesUTM, a national initiative

designed to show middle school students that they can master math, and that it will

take them to lots of cool places. Raytheon is also proud to support MATHCOUNTS®,

which motivates more than 500,000 middle school students to sharpen their math

skills each year. By working to improve our children’s proficiency in math and science

today, we’re giving them what they need to improve our world tomorrow.

Supporting Math and Science Education

© 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. “Customer Success Is Our Mission” is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.MathMovesU is a trademark of Raytheon Company. MATHCOUNTS is a registered trademark of the MATHCOUNTS Foundation.

Resources

In June 2007, instructors from RaytheonIntegrated Defense Systems (IDS) andLeadership and Innovative Learning teamedat Global Headquarters to begin the rolloutof the Architecting Methods course forengineers and others with a desire to archi-tect. A group of eight students and sixinstructor candidates spent a week explor-ing the fundamental thought processes anddecision-making activities of architectingusing current Raytheon examples.

“Architecting Methods is an excitingcourse,” said Mark Munkacsy, seniorArchitecting Methods instructor for IDS. “It recognizes that a system’s architecture is the result of a whole series of decisionsthat address how the system will be usedand how the system will be built. We’vedivided the course into roughly equal timein workshops and in classroom presenta-tions, with the focus on the underlyingdecisions that are being made. For example,one of the course’s modules explores therelated processes of aggregation anddecomposition, and introduces the notionthat there are some rules that have to befollowed to keep a decomposition fromsimply being broken.”

Architecting Methods does not focus onany particular frameworks or standards andrequires no previous knowledge of DoDAF

(DoD Architecture Framework), TOGAF (TheOpen Group Architecture Framework) or theRaytheon Enterprise Architecture Process(REAP). “Architecting Methods is the resultof discussing how senior architects thinkthrough the problem of architecting,” saidRandy Case, Raytheon Certified Architectand member of Raytheon’s ArchitectureReview Board. “It is a simplification of thearchitect’s thought process.”

The Architecting Methods course material isdesigned to be useful to people with manylevels of architecting knowledge, from basicto fairly advanced. “It fills an importantneed between introduction and expertise,”said Brian Wells, Raytheon chief systemsengineer. The mix of labs and lecture shouldprovide a nice balance.”

Architecting Methods is designed to be flexible, in that the material will all be delivered within a single week, or spreadout in blocks of four or eight hours. The labcase can also be varied to match particularstudent needs. The course is planned forlocal instructors, with oversight from a des-ignated senior instructor in each business.

For more information about ArchitectingMethods, or to discuss roll out to your siteor business, contact Larri Rosser [email protected]. •

Raytheon Rolls Out a New Element in its Architecting Curriculum

Upcoming Engineering andTechnology External Events

CMMI® Technology Conference and User GroupNov. 12–15, 2007Hyatt Regency Tech CenterDenver, Coloradohttp://www.ndia.org/Template.cfm?Section=8110&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=15079

8th International Conference on Cooperative Control and OptimizationJan. 30–Feb. 15, 2008University of FloridaGainesville, Floridahttp://www.ise.ufl.edu/cao/cco2008/index.html



People

Mike Beauford

Senior Principal Systems

Engineer, NCS IRAD

While working a pro-

posal in 1999, Mike

Beauford ran across a

requirement in the

Statement of Work to

produce an architecture

using the C4ISR

Architecture Framework. This led to research

into architecture, frameworks, tools and nota-

tions. Eventually Mike supported John

McDonald and Rolf Seigers in developing the

Raytheon Enterprise Architecture Process

(REAP). He was then assigned to the architec-

ture development team for a large data man-

agement program, which used System

Architect to develop their architecture.

Rolf, who was presenting REAP across the

company, would often receive phone calls for

support. Sometimes the teams would request

tool support and Rolf would refer them to

Mike, who supported the Next Generation Air

Transportation System (NGATS) and helped

them select tools and methods. The C4ISR

Architecture Framework was adopted across the

Department of Defense (DoD) and became the

DoDAF (DoD Architecture Framework). A fund-

ed study required DoDAF and specified using

System Architect. During this activity, Mike need-

ed additional training and was certified by the

Federal Enterprise Architecture Certification

Institute as an enterprise architect in 2004.

In 2005, Mike participated in the Network

Centric Systems (NCS) Architecture Tool Trade

Study. He has formal training (or significant

on-the-job training) with several architecture

tools, including System Architect, TAU,

Provision, METIS and Rhapsody. Also in 2005,

he joined the Future Combat System (FCS)

Ground Sensor Developer Architecture Team

for the Multi-Function RF System (MFRFS),

and became the NCS North Texas Common

Process Architecture (CPA) subject matter

expert for “Architecture & System Design.”

In 2006, Mike completed his RCAP courses

and passed the RCAP certification board in

2007. He has taught architecture in the Systems

Engineering Technical Development Program

and worked on the development of RLI cours-

es for Architecture Methods and DoDAF.

He is now a senior principal systems engineer

working on architecture activities at the Spring

Creek campus in Plano, Texas. He is currently

developing an Information Management

Reference Architecture (IMRA) with a focus on

information fusion, knowledge management

and knowledge discovery. The IMRA is being

used as the foundation for the Common

Reference Architecture Model, which includes

reference architectures for Command and

Control, Information Assurance,

Communications and Netted Sensors.

Mike is an active member in the Net Centric

Operations Industry Consortium (NCOIC)

and is the vice chair for the Net Centric

Assessment Functional Team.

In his 26 years as a Raytheon systems engineer,

Mike’s most enjoyable assignment was spend-

ing eight years in Alice Springs, Australia.

Prior to joining the company in 1981, Mike

served six years as a U.S. Army Signal Officer.

Mike holds a master’s degree in systems man-

agement from U.S.C. and a bachelor’s degree in

electronics engineering technology from

Northwestern State University. •Mark Munkacsy

Sr. Engineering

Fellow, Advanced

FNC Programs

While serving on a

submarine in the

Navy years ago, Mark

Munkacsy experi-

enced a complete fail-

ure of the sub’s com-

mand and control computers during a particu-

larly sensitive moment of a submerged tactical

operation. “I can still taste the mixture of fear

and frustration I felt as we realized it was unsafe

to continue and had to abort the operation.”

That event continues to influence Mark’s work

even today — as a certified architect at

Raytheon’s Integrated Defense Systems (IDS).

“As I develop the architectures of the Navy’s

next generation of systems, I keep playing

devil’s advocate, searching for things that could

trip up tomorrow’s warfighter. We have an

obligation to never let ourselves be satisfied, to

keep searching for deeper understandings of

how our systems will behave when presented

with situations we’ve never dreamed of.”

Mark entered the RCAP after four years as the

chief system architect on the Zumwalt pro-

gram. RCAP uses a number of outside experts

to teach many of its key classroom modules. “It

was really exciting to compare notes with these

folks. They brought experience with architec-

tural development for both government and

private industry. Add to that the diverse back-

grounds of the RCAP students from all across

Raytheon and we had the perfect environment

for learning from each other.”

Since then, Mark has been involved in the

development of training materials for a new

offering in Raytheon’s training pipeline for

architects: the Architecting Methods course. By

his own admission, he’s learned as much teach-

ing that course as he did as a student in RCAP.

Mark believes there’s much left to discover

about the process of architecting. “We haven’t

really figured out the right relationships among

architecting, systems engineering and top-level

design,” said Mark. “They aren’t distinctly sepa-

rate, nor are they the same thing. We’ve been

doing all three for centuries, but not necessari-

ly calling them by today’s popular names.

Some people see design and architecting as

subsets of systems engineering; others argue

vehemently that systems engineers shouldn’t be

‘doing design.’ Some see a role for creativity

and artistry in all three; others see only engi-

neering and numbers instead. Once we figure

this out, our project teams’ efficiencies will

improve and we’ll be even more confident in

the level of Mission Assurance architected into

our systems.” •

Getting to Know Your Raytheon Certified Architects

The Raytheon Certified Architect Program (RCAP) is the culmination of Raytheon’s systems architectinglearning curriculum. RCAP focuses on providing our customers with the expertise needed to support theirlong-term transformational goals. In recognition of their certification, we continue to highlight ourRaytheon certified architects.


PeopleEnsuring Our Customers’ Mission SuccessHighlighted below are three of the 19 teams which captured awards at Raytheon’s Excellence in Operationsand Quality Awards, held in June 2007. These awards honor teams across the company whose outstandingachievements have contributed to Raytheon’s growth and helped ensure our customers’ mission success.

Each award winner’s story brings to life our Vision, Strategy, Goals and Values — and showcases the quality and operational leadership that drives our company forward.

Military Think Tank Team

Jeffery T. Jacoby, IIS; Sou C. Wong-Lee, SAS;Craig Korth, IIS; William J. Farmer, NCS; Steven R. Shelton, IIS

The Military Think Tank (MTT) Team took a newapproach in identifying mission capability gapsfor Phase -1 and Phase 0 activities. The team dis-covered that 96 percent of Raytheon’s customercontact points were within the community of bro-kers (acquisition agencies). Only 5 percent of con-tacts involved mid-stream users — and no con-tacts existed with end-users, making our under-standing of mission context incomplete.

To close this gap, the MTT team conducted twothink tank sessions involving 113 employees from across Raytheon businesses whose militaryservice might yield insights into end-user needs.The team orchestrated dialogues between theseend-user groups and members of BusinessDevelopment and Engineering, focusing on twocornerstones of Mission Assurance and Quality:being a customer advocate and understandingthe customer’s mission.

These dialogues generated 57 ideas for new busi-ness — four of which were later booked. Becausethe team took the initiative to understand ourcustomer’s customer, $2M in firm bookings weregained, with another $14M forecasted, andRaytheon’s standing as a Mission SystemsIntegrator was reinforced. This cross-functional

and cross-business effort broadened our collec-tive grasp of mission context, allowing Raytheonto offer more complete, integrated solutions thatmeet both contract and end-user needs. •Single Integrated Air Picture Software Team

Tam Vo, Stephanie K. Delzer, Wendy H. Kuo,Thomas V. Nguyen, Mark A. Engebretson (not pictured)

The U.S. Air Force chose ThalesRaytheonSystems(TRS) Fullerton to integrate and evaluate the gov-ernment’s new joint services Single Integrated AirPicture (SIAP) command and control (C2) system-of-systems. Though awarded the SIAP program 18months later than other pathfinder programs, theTRS Battle Control System (BCS) SIAP SoftwareTeam emerged as the clear front runner by inte-grating major releases of government-furnishedsoftware in less than three weeks, which thecompetition took six to 10 months to complete.

Based on this team’s rapid integration results, thegovernment designated TRS as the pathfinder-of-pathfinders for their system-of-systems. Theteam’s exceptional performance provided the AirForce its most advanced SIAP test bed andearned praise from the government PMO, whichdescribed TRS as being “second to none.” By con-sistently exceeding customer expectations whilemaintaining cost and schedule, this team haspositioned Raytheon favorably with every branchof U.S. Armed Forces and with the Office of theSecretary of Defense. TRS is currently preparing apresentation and demonstration for the DefenseAcquisition Board at the Pentagon. •

Enterprise Process Team

Bill B. Billingsley, J. Michael Hanavan, Carolyn B. Hickey, Kathryn H. Kirby, John B. Miller

In 2006, the Intelligence and Information Systems(IIS) Enterprise Process Team (EPT) led the design,development and implementation of a set ofcommon business processes across the enterprise,enabling 8,200 employees at six separate worksites to use a single set of policies and proce-dures. This team significantly streamlined organi-zational process guidance and successfully com-pleted a Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI®) Level 3 appraisal across the full scope ofthe CMMI model — an unprecedented accom-plishment for an Operations team.

Driving process performance through Operationsenabled IIS to become the first Raytheon organi-zation to achieve both the Integrated Productand Process Development (IPPD) and SupplierSourcing (SS) portions of the CMMI, which fewerthan 3.5 percent of companies appraised by theSoftware Engineering Institute (SEI) achieve. The CMMI credential was a requirement forRaytheon to be able to bid on the BAMS con-tract. By establishing a single set of businessprocesses and conducting a businesswide CMMIappraisal, the EPT eliminated nearly $8M inredundant appraisal costs and reduced processmanagement cost by nearly $3.5M per year. The resulting $15M projected overhead savingsthrough 2012 represents significant savings for our customers. •

ET&MA

Professionals

Exemplify

Raytheon’s

CFM Strategy


Events

The National Air and Space Museum’sSteven F. Udvar-Hazy Center outside ofWashington, D.C., was the perfect settingfor a dinner and ceremony honoring 19Raytheon teams with the 2006 Excellencein Operations and Quality Award.

The award is one of Raytheon’s highesthonors and recognizes outstanding achievements that contribute to Raytheon’sgrowth and help ensure our customers’mission success.

Ninety-five award recipients were lauded atthe June 28, 2007 event by Taylor W.Lawrence, vice president of CorporateEngineering, Technology and MissionAssurance, for their commitment to the

innovation, creativity and quality that driveRaytheon forward. The recipients represent-ed all six businesses, Raytheon SystemsLimited and several collaborative effortsamong multiple businesses.

The awards celebration was a part of the2007 Mission Assurance Forum, and appro-priately, Mission Assurance was a commonthread among the award-winning teams.With the competitive nature of today’s mar-ketplace, delivering a product on time andwithin budget is expected. The processexcellence exemplified by the award recipi-ents continues to set Raytheon apart – leav-ing customers with no doubt that our prod-ucts will work the first time, every time,whenever and wherever needed.

During his keynote remarks in the Udvar-Hazy Center’s IMAX® Theater, Dr. Lawrencenoted, “We must provide MissionAssurance and improve performance con-tinually to build and maintain customerconfidence. The teams we honor tonighthave done that, and are an example to all ofRaytheon’s employees. We recognize themfor their pursuit of excellence, for meetingcustomer needs, and for their leadership.”

Raytheon congratulates and applauds thisyear’s winners. To learn more about thewinning teams and their achievements, visitthe Raytheon Excellence in Operations andQuality Awards intranet spotlight feature athttp://home.ray.com/feature/maf07/maf07_award_story. •

2006 Excellence in Operations and Quality Awards


Events

Everyone Plays a Part2007 Mission Assurance Forum

More than 400 people from acrossRaytheon gathered at the 2007 MissionAssurance Forum, held June 27–29 inReston, Va., to increase their understandingof and reinforce their commitment toMission Assurance.

Sponsored jointly by Raytheon’s Operationsand Performance Excellence Councils, theforum united Raytheon business leaders,employees, customers and industry part-ners. The group focused not only on whatthe company is doing right, but where wecan improve on our mission of ensuringcustomer success.

The forum’s theme, “Everyone Plays aPart,” was chosen to emphasize just howmany different roles and functions arerequired to provide NoDoubt™ solutions to our customers.

Taylor W. Lawrence, vice president ofEngineering, Technology and MissionAssurance, kicked off the forum by intro-ducing Raytheon’s new vice president ofMission Assurance, Greg Alston, who isdeveloping an integrated Mission Assurance

vision and strategy for Raytheon. Lawrence also challenged attendees to gain a better understanding of their connection to Mission Assurance. “Fromthe factory floor to senior leadership,Mission Assurance requires a continualcommitment from everyone across the enterprise.”

Attendees also heard about the importance of Mission Assurance from the following key customers:

• Dr. Donald M. Kerr, Director, NationalReconnaissance Office

• Lt. Gen. Michael A. Hamel, Commander,Space and Missile Systems Center, AirForce Space Command

• Bryan D. O’Connor, Chief Safety andMission Assurance Officer, NationalAeronautics and Space Administration

• Randolph R. Stone, Director for Safety,Quality and Mission Assurance, MissileDefense Agency

Detailed track sessions gave participantsfirsthand accounts and actionable information about the role MissionAssurance plays in Raytheon businesses

and for our key customers. They represent-ed an enterprisewide dedication and com-mitment to educating Raytheon employeeson their role in process excellence.

Two informative panel discussions highlight-ed the last day’s agenda. Six warfightersback from recent tours of duty told person-al stories about the role Mission Assuranceplays when they are in the field.Additionally, a leadership panel featuringRaytheon Senior Vice President and CFODavid Wajsgras, Technical Services PresidentRick Yuse, Intelligence and InformationSystems President Mike Keebaugh andIntegrated Defense Systems President DanSmith addressed what Mission Assurancemeans at the highest levels at Raytheon. •


Events

If you really want to know

what’s happening in the realm

of engineering at Raytheon,

just attend one of the

Raytheon Technology Network

(TN) annual symposia. You’ll

find the most enlightening

technology collaboration activ-

ities available today. Each year,

the six TNs host discipline-spe-

cific forums to share current

technology trends, customer

imperatives and strategic

road maps. The forums also

provide essential networking

opportunities for engineers

and technologists to foster

knowledge sharing.

Software Systems SymposiumNearly 500 participants gathered in Dallason April 30 for the Software SystemsSymposium, titled “Technical Excellence viaInnovation and Revolution.” Topics includedthe changing global marketplace, enablingtechnologies and disruptive innovation.

Raytheon recognizes that remaining com-petitive in today’s global climate requires anunderstanding of sustaining vs. disruptiveinnovation. We must anticipate the

customer’s real needs in order to develop a specific, out-of-the-box solution to the customer’s job at hand, while maintainingour ongoing business objectives.

In his presentation, “Refreshing theEngineering Spirit Through Innovation,”Mike Vahey, Processing Technology Networklead and an Innovation Champion, notedthe importance of targeting products atspecific circumstances, rather than the customers themselves.

“While there are many technical challenges,we are currently focusing our disruptiveinnovation efforts toward solutions forPersistent Tracking/Assured ID and NovelEffects,” added Dave Breuer, formerly boththe director of Technology and leader of theRaytheon Technology Networks. “To suc-ceed, we must identify and implement disruptive innovation methodologies thatwill work for us and which can coexist withour ongoing sustaining business activities. It’s very encouraging to see the level ofinterest on the part of the technical andbusiness communities.”

www://home.ray.com/technetworks •

Electro Optical SystemsSymposiumNow in its ninth year, the 2007 ElectroOptical Systems Symposium united nearly300 engineers and technologists in Dallason May 15. The event’s theme was“Innovative EO Technology for IntegratedMission System Solutions.”

During one session, Raytheon was praisedfor leading the world in thermal optic andsensing solutions for the ground warfighter.


RaytheonTechnology Network Spring Symposia:

Using Collaboration to Drive Innovation


EventsContinued from page 25

But with success comes the added responsi-bility of warding off complacency. Inessence, because “everyone else is catchingup,” the company must continue to driveinnovation at all times.

The event was bittersweet for Alan Silver,who will be retiring as EO TechnologyNetwork chair this year. One of the chal-lenges currently facing the EO network, inSilver’s view, is continuing to grow theirtechnology base. Raytheon continues toexpand its outreach by looking at smallbusinesses and universities to help fuel thepipeline of innovative technologies. Silversees an opportunity for the TechnologyNetworks to serve as the focal point for collecting and implementing innovativeideas from diverse sources.

Silver also contends that the EO TechnologyNetwork must evolve as Raytheon evolvesin the Mission Systems Integration arena.“Standalone sensors have limited utility,

and many sensors are becoming more of acommodity,” said Silver. “The challenge isto figure out how to integrate our sensorsinto larger mission systems, thereby helpingus evolve from an EO sensors supplier intoa systems solutions provider where EO ispart of the solution.”

Regarding the value of the TechnologyNetworks, Silver believes it’s virtually limit-less. “My motivation from a personal stand-point has always been to avoid taking painfor money. There are plenty of innovativethinkers within the networks. If you can getenough of those people coordinatedaround working the difficult or ‘painful’technical problems, I don’t think there’s anyproblem Raytheon can’t solve.” •

Processing Systems SymposiumInnovation, technology of the future, roadmaps and vision were some of the keywords heard throughout the eleventh annual Process Systems TechnologyNetwork (PSTN) Processing SystemsSymposium, held at the Space and AirborneSystems facility in El Segundo, Calif. onMay 21. More than 280 people attendedthis year’s PSTN Symposium, dubbed “RoadMaps: Flight Path to the Future.”

The event focused on the new technologiesand processes that are beginning to shapeour company. According to symposiumChair Louis Entin, the TN leadership teamwanted to do something a little different.“Instead of looking at the past and present-ing on what we accomplished back then,let’s begin looking forward. Let’s define thetechnology path we’d like to go down foreach one of our Technology Interest Groupsand then build a road map. We’re promotingforward-looking thinking and setting thetechnical direction, in this case, for process-ing technology within the company. That’sthe purpose of this year’s symposium.”

Heidi Shyu, vice president of corporateTechnology and Research for Raytheon,started things rolling with a discussion on

Spring Symposia


Eventscorporate technology goals for 2007. “Weneed to push innovation, which will providesuperior customer solutions,” said Shyu.“We also need to come up with designsthat are truly producible. For growth, weneed to align our tech road maps to emerg-ing opportunities, looking at where ouropportunities are growing in the next fiveto 10 years. We need to leverage our inno-vation and disruptive technologies to enternew adjacent markets and we need toexpand our intellectual property or IP port-folio. Our goal, through Technology andResearch, is to provide Raytheon’s enter-prise-wide technology vision and directionand nurture our disruptive technologyefforts, to make sure that our company’s onthe leading edge of innovation, helping ourcustomer to achieve mission success.”

Another memorable presentation focusingon the need for sustained innovation wasdelivered by Mike Vahey, principal engineer-ing fellow. “Our corporation has some ofthe best engineers in the world,” saidVahey. “We’re extremely innovative and wehave really creative ideas, but we don’talways carry them across the goal line.Innovation is a critical part to growing thefuture. Innovation is not guaranteed suc-cess, so you have to weigh in the failures.But the opposite of pursuing innovation isnever achieving. We have to strive toensure that our products and processes canbring the future to the present — accelerat-ing the discovery and adoption of technolo-gy that meets customer capability needsand Mission Assurance.”

RF Systems SymposiumThe ninth annual All-Raytheon RF SystemsSymposium was held June 18–21 in Tucson, Ariz. Hosted by Raytheon MissileSystems (MS), the event was called“Sustaining and Disruptive RF SystemsLeading the Way for Today and Tomorrow.”The symposium featured one day ofkeynote speakers and three days of presen-tations, workshops and exhibits chock fullof pertinent information for RF engineersand technologists.

Don Targoff, vice president of Technology atMS, kicked off the activities with hiskeynote speech. Targoff discussed the cur-rent products, disruptive technologies,future trends and innovative activities suchas “Bike Shop.” Named in honor of theWright Brothers, Bike Shop is a more radi-cal, high-speed prototyping facility inTucson that’s internally funded. The work-load has increased significantly in recentyears: from a few million dollars three yearsago to roughly $90 million in 2007.

Richard Taylor, a senior fellow and the pro-ject’s chief engineer, gave a presentation ona project called “Sheriff,” a non-lethal,

directed energy weapon and short-rangeactive denial system that safely repels peo-ple. Taylor discussed the rapid prototypinginvolved with Sheriff, which was developedand deployed to warfighters in just sixmonths. Sheriff will be used for crowd con-trol purposes in Iraq.

“The idea was to have an active denial sys-tem to discriminate between who’s comingtoward you to do harm and who’s actuallyjust there to protest,” said Taylor. “This is a millimeter wave-beam that heats up orpenetrates down through the layers of skin, warms up the moisture in the skin and creates a burning sensation that repelsthe aggressor.”

From the 15-year returnee to the six-monthjunior engineer, the message was the same— the symposium was educational, inter-esting and above all, useful. It was anopportunity to display work in front of neweyes, and obtain fresh perspectives whichmight lead to further breakthroughs.

www://home.ray.com/technetworks •


Special Interest

Captivates Kids With New, Improved Website

After nearly two years of hosting competi-tions and awarding grants and prizes, theMathMovesU™ website is getting an over-haul. Launched in 2005, Raytheon’sMathMovesU initiative engages middleschool students by illustrating the connectionbetween math and “cool” careers. Nationalstudies show that students lose interest inmath during their middle school years.

“Hold onto your seat because the new sitemoves at a high rate of speed with anima-tion, graphics and sounds that these kidsare use to,” said Kristin Hilf, Raytheon’s vicepresident of Community Relations. “Duringfocus group sessions, students told us theywould be more interested in an educationalsite if it was more immersive, included com-munity aspects and was customizable.”

To beef up MathMovesU.com, Raytheonenlisted the help of Arc Worldwide, aChicago-based multimedia firm. Arc is pop-ulating the site with math activities thatfocus on music, sports and fashion — thetop three areas kids are most passionateabout. In these new online worlds, kids canplay games that showcase the math behindtheir favorite activities.

The new improved MathMovesU.com willgo live later this fall. “This is an ongoingprocess,” said Hilf. “After the site re-launch, we will continue to adjust to trendsin interactive media.”

Much Progress Has Been MadeSince November 2005, MathMovesU hasawarded more than $2 million in grantsand scholarships and registered 25,000online users. More than 500,000 peoplehave visited the site since its initial launch.

In 2007, Web content has centered aroundmonthly contests and promotions, includingMath Match, Engineers Week, Camp MMUand Back to School. Kids answered a series

of math questions to enter drawings forvideo game systems, computers, MP3 play-ers and more. CampMMU was the largestcompetition with virtual summer activitiessuch as horseback riding, rock climbing and kayaking.

Over the summer, Raytheon volunteersworked with students in McKinney, Texas,where Dallas Cowboys star Bradie Jamesdescribed how he uses math on the foot-ball field. After James pumped up thecrowd, Raytheon volunteers helped stu-dents create and operate small hovercrafts.

Employees Encouraged to Spread WordA huge vacancy in science and engineeringjobs over the next 20 years is expected, dueto continued growth in technology and sci-ence, and the increasing retirement of babyboomers. In fact, according to business andlabor statistics, employment in science andengineering will increase about 70 percentfaster than the rate for all occupations. Tomake matters more challenging, math scoresamong American students are declining.

As a result, the time to help our buddingengineers is right now. That’s why Raytheonemployees are encouraged to spread theword about the new site and the programin general. “Employee involvement is criticalto our success,” said Jennifer Chan,Raytheon’s manager of CommunityRelations. “Our engineers help kids withtheir math and science projects so they cansee how math formulas come to life.”

Visit www.MathMovesU.com today andspread the word. •

Rick [email protected]


Special Interest

The Raytheon facility in Marlborough,Mass., is currently installing an amateurradio station to support EmergencyOperations communications. The stationwill support emergency net traffic betweenRaytheon facilities and also support emer-gency communications with the surround-ing community. Each station will communi-cate with all other Raytheon plants and/orother amateur radio stations when the nor-mal lines of communication are lost — forexample, in the event of an emergency orsevere weather. The Marlborough stationwill have an HF capability for long-distancecommunication and a VHF capability for tie-ins to local emergency management per-sonnel and facilities.

A call sign for the Marlborough station wasinitially obtained from the FCC. Later, it wasdiscovered that the call sign of Raytheon’sfounder, Percy Spencer (W1GBE), was avail-able. It was immediately obtained as thevanity call for the station.

Who is Percy Spencer?Percy Spencer was an extremely competenttube engineer and one of the company’sfounders. He was a fellow of the AmericanAcademy of the Arts and Sciences, a mem-ber of the Institute of Radio Engineers anda holder of an honorary Doctor of Sciencedegree from the University of Massachusetts.Above all, he was a practical engineer witha great thirst for knowledge.

Percy Spencer, W1GBEPercy Spencer is best remembered inRaytheon circles for discovering a betterway to make the magnetron tube and forinventing the microwave oven.

The MagnetronDuring WWII, the British had developed animportant tube for radar called the mag-netron — a high-power S-band transmittingtube. It was initially machined from a solidblock of copper. This was a difficult process,and the amount of tubes made in a giventime was insufficient to keep up with

wartime demands. Spencer looked at theconstruction of the tube and determinedthat he could make the same unit bystamping out copper sheets with the tubecavity pattern and braze them all into one unit in an oven. This stamped-metalconstruction technique increased the quantity of tubes made in a day from hundreds to thousands.

Microwave PopcornSpencer determined that microwaves couldbe used for cooking food. One day whilevisiting a laboratory where magnetrontubes were being tested, he leaned too

close to an open waveguide. The candy barin his coat pocket melted. Other scientistshad noticed this phenomenon, but Spencerrecognized its importance. Soon after, hesent a boy out for a package of popcorn.When the popcorn was held near a mag-netron, the popcorn exploded all aroundthe laboratory. Check out the artwork forthe patent application. Notice the popcorndetailed as “food to be cooked.” Who saidengineers don’t have fun? The patent num-ber for this invention is 2,495,429.

The Call SignPercy Spencer’s grandson, Rod Spencer, wascontacted for permission to acquire and usePercy’s call sign. He gratefully granted therequest, expressing great excitement thathis grandfather’s call sign soon would be onthe air again.

Station Status The equipment for the radio station inMarlborough has already been purchased.The station will have a portable HF capabili-ty, using a tripod-mounted HF antenna anda fixed-station capability, using a beamantenna. Plans are also underway to mountthe beam antenna on the facility’s roof. Inthe meantime, the portable equipment maybe set up for a mock emergency. •

Lou Tramontozzi, KA1HIHRaytheon Company

Marlborough, Mass.508.490.1236

Raytheon Acquires Percy Spencer’s Call Sign for Homeland Security Radio Station

Early WWII magnatron: UX6652-13

LWWII aminated magnatron anode andcooling fins

JAMES FLORENCE CLAY E TOWERY 7210262 Method and apparatus for safe operation of an electronic firearm sight depending upon detected ambient illuminationMICHAEL K HOLZIRL W SMITH 7215472 Wide-angle beam steering systemRICHARD J LAPALME 7216119 Method and apparatus for intelligent information retrievalHANS W BRUESSELBACHAUTHI A NARAYANANDAVID S SUMIDA7217585 Method for fabricating and using a light waveguideJAMES A FINCHKENNETH KOSAISCOTT M TAYLOR 7217982 Photodiode having voltage tunable spectral responseDAVID L STEINBAUER 7218272 Reducing antenna boresight errorLACY G COOK7218444 Dual-band, dual-focal length, relayed, refractive imagerDARIN S WILLIAMS7219853 Systems and methods for tracking targets with aimpoint offsetMATTHEW JONAS7223063 Method and system for adjusting a position of an objectYUEH-CHI CHANGMARIO DAMICOBRIAN D LAMONTANGELO M PUZELLA THOMAS C SMITH NORVAL L WARDLE 7226328 Extendable spar buoy for sea-based communication systemWILLIAM E HOKEJOHN J MOSCA7226850 Gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor structure GEORGE F BARSONMICHAEL D KOEHLERRICHARD M WEBER7227753 Method and apparatus for cooling heat-generating structureJOHN R STALEYFRANK C SULZBACH 7230684 Method and apparatus for range finding with a single aperturePAUL F KUEBERJOHN R STOWELL7233083 Reduced component power converter withindependent regulated outputs and methodCECILIA A CANADASTEPHEN R DAVISMICHAEL K SPEYRER 7234131 Peer review evaluation tool

TIMOTHY E CABER 7236121 Pattern classifier and method for associating tracks from different sensorsROBERT J ADAMSVINH N ADAMS WESLEY H DWELLY 7236124 Radar system and method for reducing clutterin a high-clutter environmentJEAN-MARIE R DAUTELLE 7236165 System and method for asynchronous recording of a system stateTHEODORE B BAILEY7238957 Methods and apparatus for presenting imagesCHRISTINA L ADAIRTIM B BONBRAKECHRISTOPHER J RUTZ 7240617 Weapon arming system and methodMATTHEW JONAS7241103 Method and system for adjusting a position of an objectJEROME H POZGAY 7242350 Estimating an angle-of-arrival of signal bydetermining polarizationIAN B KERFOOT JAMES G KOSALOS 7242638 Method and system for synthetic aperture sonarROGER BALLANDREW J GABURA BLAISE ROBITAILLE7244937 Optical measurement apparatus with laser light sourceGABOR DEVENYI7246537 Wire-wound leadscrew assembly with a preloaded leadscrew wire nut and its fabricationJIM L HAWSWILLIAM G WYATT RICHARD M WEBER7246658 Method and apparatus for efficient heatexchange in an aircraft or other vehicleDAVID G JENKINS7247852 Methods and apparatus for sensor systemsSILVIO A CARDERO ROBERT E MAJEWSKI7248343 Amplitude weighted spatial coherent processing for ladar systemJames H Lougheed7248540 Delay sensing circuitGABOR DEVENYI 7249534 Leadscrew mechanical drive with differentialleadscrew follower structureJOHN CANGEMEDAVID V MANOOGIAN GERALD M PITSTICK7250902 A method of generating accurate estimates of azimuth and elevation angles of a target for aphased-phased array rotating radarJOHN G HESTON7253517 Method and apparatus for combining multipleintegrated circuitsFREDERICK R DINAPOLI 7254092 Method and system for swimmer denialRICHARD M WEBER WILLIAM G WYATT7254957 Method and apparatus for cooling with coolantat a subambient pressureHANSFORD H CUTLIP7256390 Inflatable spherical integrating source for spaceflight applications having a reflective interior surfaceJOHN G HESTONSCOTT M HESTONMIKEL J WHITE 7256654 Amplifying a signal using a current sharedpower amplifierJAMES G SMALL7257327 Wireless communication system with highefficiency/high power optical source

DELMAR L BARKER WILLIAM R OWENS ROSS D ROSENWALDNITESH N SHAHHAO XIN7257333 Dynamic control of PLANCK radiation in photonic crystals

AUSTRALIA GEORGE P BORTNYK 2002300531 Combining signal images in accordancewith signal-to-noise ratiosPETER F BARBELLA TAMARA L FRANZ BARBARA E PAUPLIS 2004209407 Technique for non-coherent integration oftargets with ambiguous velocitiesMICHAEL J DELCHECCOLO DELBERT E LIPPERT MARK E RUSSELL HBARTELD B VANREES WALTER G WOODINGTON2002365263 Docking information system for boatsDEANNA K HARDENSHERIE M JOHNSON THOMAS E STAYONOFF GREG S WOLFF 2005202535 Distributed communications effects module

AUSTRIA, DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, ITALY, LIECHT-ENSTEIN, SPAIN, SWEDEN, SWITZERLAND JOEL N HARRIS 1310013 Satellite communication antenna pointing system

CANADATHOMAS M BOTTOMLEY DAVID N GREEN JAMES H LOUGHEEDSTEPHEN D SHAW2280647 Aiming system for weapon capable of superelevationOSCAR J BEDIGIAN JR JACK J SCHUSS THOMAS V SIKINA2324273 Phased array antenna calibration system andmethod using array clusters

CHINAGARY G DEEL 02817974.9 Solar array concentrator system and method

Congratulations to Raytheon technologistsfrom all over the world. We would like toacknowledge international patents issuedfrom mid-April through August 2007. Theseinventors are responsible for keeping thecompany on the cutting edge, and we salutetheir innovation and contributions.

Titles are those on the U.S.-filed patents;actual titles on foreign counterparts aresometimes modified and not recorded. Whilewe strive to list current internationalpatents, many foreign patents issue muchlater than the corresponding U.S. patentsand may not yet be reflected.

International Patents Issued to Raytheon

At Raytheon, we encourage people to work on technological challenges that keepAmerica strong and develop innovative commercial products. Part of that process isidentifying and protecting our intellectualproperty. Once again, the U.S. Patent Officehas recognized our engineers and technolo-gists for their contributions in their fields ofinterest. We compliment our inventors whowere awarded patents from May throughAugust 2007.

U.S. Patents Issued to Raytheon


CHINA, SOUTH KOREAJAMES FLORENCE PAUL KLOCEK DAVID H RESTER JOHN A TEJADA 02800216.4 Apparatus for separating and/or com-bining optical signals, and methods of making andoperating it

DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, ITALY, NETHERLANDS,SINGAPORE, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN STEPHEN R KERNER CLIFTON QUAN RAQUEL Z ROKOSKY1661207 Embedded RF vertical interconnect forflexible conformal antenna

DENMARK, FRANCE, GERMANYNETHERLANDS, SPAIN, SWEDEN ROBERT C ALLISON RON K NAKAHIRA JOON PARK1560787 Micro electro-mechanical system devicewith piezoelectric thin film actuator

FINLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, SPAINMICHAEL Y JIN MICHAEL E LAWRENCE1410066 System and method for processing squintmapped synthetic aperture radar data

FRANCECHARLES A COCKRUMDAVID R RHIGERERIC F SCHULTE8905964 Graded layer passivation of group II-VIinfrared photodetectorsARTHUR A ENEIMSTEPHEN R GIBBSADAM M KENNEDYJANINE F LAMBE KENNETH L MCALLISTER FARHAD I MIRBODMONESH S PATEL0101801 Sensor/support system having a stabilization structure affixed to a side of a platformoppositely disposed from a sensor assembly

FRANCE, GERMANYDAVID I FOREHANDBRANDON W PILLANS1502273 Micro-electro-mechanical switch, andmethods of making and using it

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAINCHUNGTE W CHEN CHENG-CHIH TSAI1332612 Radiometry calibration system and methodfor electro-optical sensorsALEXANDER A BETIN WILLIAM S GRIFFIN 1371116 Multi-jet impingement cooled slab laserpumphead and methodJAY P CHARTERSGERALD L EHLERS 1459247 Semiconductor article harmonic indentificationMAURICE J HALMOS1463960 Dual mode adaptive threshold architecturefor 3-D ladar FPAALBERT E COSAND1522145 Multi-bit delta-sigma analog-to-digitalconverter with error shapingROBERT W BYRENDAVID FILGAS1556929 Phase conjugate relay mirror apparatus forhigh energy laser system and methodMARWAN KRUNZPHILLIP I ROSENGARD1573975 Method and system for encapsulating

variable-size packets DANIEL P BROWNJOHN D ISKERMICHAEL L WELLS1625073 Fixture for mounting weapons, andmethod of usingPHILIP C THERIAULT1654571 Print through elimination in fiber reinforced matrix composite mirrors and method of constructionANDREW B FACCIANOROBERT T MOOREJAMES E PARRY JOHN T WHITE 1685362 Missile with multiple nosecones

FRANCE, GERMANY, GREAT BRITAIN, ITALYJOSEPH M CROWDERPATRICIA S DUPUISGARY P KINGSTON KENNETH S KOMISAREKANGELO M PUZELLA 1495512 Embedded planar circulatorKWANG M CHO1367409 Focusing SAR images formed by RMA with arbitrary orientationMARY D ONEILLWILLIAM H WELLMAN1360450 A system and method for time-to-interceptdetermination

GERMANYGABOR DEVENYI10001939 Anti-jam linear leadscrew drive anddevices utilizing the drive

ISRAELRODERICK G BERGSTEDT LEE A MCMILLANROBERT D STREETER150969 Microelectromechanical micro-relay withliquid metal contactsCHUNGTE W CHENRONALD G HEGGWILLIAM B KING152365 Light-weight head-mounted displayROBERT W BYRENDAVID F ROCKCHENG-CHIH TSAI 153302 System and method for pumping a slab laserKENNETH W BROWN DAVID D CROUCH WILLIAM E DOLASH153348 Transparent metallic millimeter-wave windowDAVID A ANSLEYROBERT W BYRENCHUNGTE W CHEN154714 Apparatus and method to distort an opticalbeam to avoid ionization at an intermediate focusSTEPHEN H BLACKJAMES A FINCHROGER W GRAHAMJERRY A WILSONRICHARD H WYLES155541 IRFPA ROIC with dual TDM reset integratorsand sub-frame averaging functions per unit cellROBERT W BYREN ALVIN F TRAFTON156279 System and method for effecting high-power beam control with adaptive optics in low power beam pathADAM M KENNEDY WILLIAM A RADFORDMICHAEL RAYJESSICA K WYLESRICHARD H WYLES159121 Method and apparatus providing focalplane array active thermal control elements

JAPANMILES E GOFF3950853 Microstrip to circular waveguide transitionwith a stripline portion

ROBERT S ROEDERMATTHEW C SMITH3951063 Microwave active solid state cold/warmnoise sourcePHILLIP I ROSENGARD3972038 Compressing cell headers for data communicationDAN VARON3973905 Air Traffic Control System

SINGAPORE WILLIAM W CHENGDON C DEVENDORF KENNETH A ESSENWANGERERICK M HIRATALLOYD F LINDER CLIFFORD W MEYERS105943 Advanced digital antenna moduleROBERT C ALLISONBRIAN M PIERCECLIFTON QUAN87387 Multi-bit phase shifters using MEM RFswitchesROBERTO BEREZDIVINROBERT J BREINIGMARK D LEVEDAHLCHANDRASHEKAR A RAOALLAN R TOPP 107346 Dynamic wireless resource utilization

SINGAPORE, SOUTH KOREAKHIEM V CAISAMUEL D KENT IIILLOYD F LINDER113356 Mixed technology MEMS/SIGE BICMOS digitizing analog front end with direct RF sampling

SOUTH KOREATHOMAS K DOUGHERTYJOHN J DRABKATHLEEN A KEHLE699397 Improved electrode for thin film capacitordevicesJERRY R CRIPELE T PHAMANDREW G TOTH 709645 Radiation hardened visible P-I-N detectorMICHAEL J DELCHECCOLOJOHN M FIRDADELBERT E LIPPERTMARK E RUSSELLHBARTELD B VANREESWALTER G WOODINGTON 713387 Safe distance algorithm for adaptive cruisecontrol (automotive) LAWRENCE DALCONZODAVID J DRAPEAURON K NAKAHIRAREZA TAYRANI 719422 Miniature RF stripline linear phase filters

TAIWANJAMES G SMALL1280751 Phased array source of electromagneticradiationBRUCE W CHIGNOLAGARO K DAKESSIANBORIS S JACOBSONDENNIS R KLINGKEVIN E MARTINEBERHARD P PRAEGERWILLIAM E WESOLOWSKI I282562 Electrical transformer


Raytheon’s Intellectual Property is valuable. If you become aware of anyentity that may be using any ofRaytheon’s patented inventions or wouldlike to license our patented inventions,please contact your Raytheon IP counsel: Leonard A. Alkov (SAS) , Horace St. Julian(MS & RTSC) , Robin R. Loporchio (NCS)Edward S. Roman (IDS), John J. Snyder (IIS).

Copyright © 2007 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved.Approved for public release. Printed in the USA.Customer Success Is Our Mission is a trademark of Raytheon Company.Raytheon Six Sigma, MathMovesU and NoDoubt are trademarks of Raytheon Company.

Capability Maturity Model,CMM and CMMI are registered in the U.S. Patent andTrademark Office by Carnegie Mellon University.

2007 Issue 3

Documents

Transcript of 2007 Issue 3