2007 - agricoop.nic.in · Contents 1 Need for Policy Re-Orientation 1 2 Recent Initiatives 2 3...
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NATIONAL POLICY FOR FARMERS
2007
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation
Ministry of Agriculture
Government of India
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PREFACE
The National Commission on Farmers (NCF) under the chairmanship of Prof.
M.S. Swaminathan submitted its final report in October 2006. The NCF prepared, along
with its final report, a draft National Policy for Farmers incorporating its main
recommendations. Based on the draft prepared by the NCF and after consultations with
State Governments and the Central Ministries concerned, Government of India approved
the National Policy for Farmers, 2007.
The primary focus of this policy is on ‘farmer’ defined holistically and not merely
on agriculture. In that sense, it is much more comprehensive than an Agriculture Policy.
The objective is, inter alia, to improve the economic viability of farming through
substantially improving net income of farmers. Needless to say, there is emphasis on
increased productivity, profitability, institutional support, and improvement of land,
water and support services apart from provisions of appropriate price policy, risk
mitigation measures and so on.
The 53rd
meeting of the National Development Council (NDC) held on the 29th
May 2007 was exclusively for addressing issues of the agriculture sector. Government of
India has recently taken several initiatives such as the National Horticulture Mission, the
National Bamboo Mission, reforms in agricultural marketing, the revitalization of
cooperative credit structure and setting up of the National Fisheries Development Board
and the National Rainfed Area Authority. More recently, the National Food Security
Mission and the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (Additional Central Assistance Scheme)
have been approved to substantially enhance investment in agriculture and increase
production and productivity. All these initiatives are in consonance with the intent,
direction and measures suggested in the National Policy for Farmers.
I am confident that the new policy, together with the initiatives already taken by
the government, would help accelerate the overall growth of the sector and improve the
well-being of millions of farmers in the country.
(SHARAD PAWAR)
11 September, 2007
New Delhi
“kjn iokj“kjn iokj“kjn iokj“kjn iokj SHARAD PAWAR
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MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
& CONSUMER AFFAIRS
FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
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Contents
1 Need for Policy Re-Orientation
1
2 Recent Initiatives 2
3 Major Policy Goals 3
Definition of Farmer 4
4 Asset Reforms to Empower Farmers 4
Land
Water
Livestock
Fisheries
Bio-Resources
Animal Genetic Resources
4
5
6
7
7
9
5 Support Services 9
Science and Technology
Agricultural Bio-Security
Agro-Meteorology
Climate Change
Inputs and Services
Credit and Insurance
Cooperatives
Extension, Training and Knowledge Connectivity
Social Security
Agricultural Prices, Marketing and Trade
Integration with Processing and Value Chain
Curriculum Reform
9
11
11
11
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
17
6 Special Categories of Farmers 18
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Tribal Farmers
Pastoralists
Other Categories
Plantation Farmers
Island Farmers
Urban Farmers
18
18
19
19
19
19
7 Special Categories of Farming 19
Organic Farming
Green Agriculture
Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
Protected (Greenhouse) Agriculture
19
20
20
20
8 Special Regions 21
Distress Hotspots
Mega Bio-Diversity Areas
21
21
9 Farmers of the Future 21
10 Attracting Youth 22
11 Other Policy Measures 23
12 Operationalisation of the Policy 24
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1
National Policy for Farmers
1 NEED FOR POLICY RE-ORIENTATION
1.1 The importance of agriculture in the
socio-economic fabric of India can be
realised from the fact that the livelihood
of majority of the country’s population
depends on agriculture. The agriculture
sector contributes only about 18 per cent
of the total Gross Domestic Product
(GDP), with more than 60% population
dependence, resulting in low per capita
income in the farm sector. Consequently,
there is a large disparity between the per
capita income in the farm sector and the
non-farm sector. Therefore, it is essential
to deal with those issues which impact
the income levels of farmers. The
income levels are determined by the
overall production, supported by
reasonable levels of yield and prices
realised by the farmers. Several
constraints such as preponderance of
small and marginal holdings accounting
for about 82 per cent of total holdings,
imperfect market conditions and lack of
backward and forward linkages affect
the income levels of farmers adversely.
Accordingly, an appropriate policy
needs to be evolved to ensure that
farming activity becomes more viable
and the economic condition of farmers is
improved on a sustainable basis.
1.2 Several steps have been taken in the past
to strengthen agricultural research,
education and extension, as well as to
ensure timely and adequate availability
of essential inputs such as seeds,
fertilizer and electricity. Also, several
major and minor irrigation projects have
been implemented. An integrated
programme of agricultural development
was initiated in the early 1960s to
improve productivity and to benefit
farmers. Our scientists contributed by
developing high yielding varieties /
hybrids of crops. These were introduced
to farmers who, in turn, adopted the new
seeds and technology. As a result, a
major breakthrough in productivity and
production occurred in wheat in the late
1960s. Moreover, the new strategy laid
emphasis on greater cropping intensity.
Since then, the progress of agricultural
production was steady and the growth
rate in food production maintained a
level above that of population growth.
This came to be known as the “Green
Revolution Era” that resulted in a
situation of self sufficiency in
foodgrains. This era was characterised
by synergy among technology, services,
public policy and farmers’
entrepreneurship. However, during the
past decade, the growth rate shows a
declining trend; production and
productivity have remained almost
stagnant. A considerable effort,
therefore, is required to reverse the
deceleration and get agriculture moving
forward once again.
1.3 The National Agriculture Policy
approved by the Government of India
during 2000, aimed to achieve annual
growth of more than 4 per cent in the
agriculture sector on a sustainable basis,
through the efficient use of natural
resources and combination of other
measures. However, the annual growth
rate achieved during the Tenth Five Year
Plan (2002–03 to 2006–07) averaged
around 2.3 per cent. On the other hand
the non-farm sector has grown faster.
Considering the high growth of GDP in
the recent past, a major reorientation in
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National Policy for Farmers
2 RECENT INITIATIVES
the policy is necessary to make this
growth more inclusive. The decline in
agricultural growth coupled with
declining profitability in the agriculture
sector, in the face of rapid growth of
non-farm sector, is one of the major
concerns. The declining profitability is
partially due to fluctuating world prices
of agricultural commodities and the
efforts to keep the domestic prices low
to protect consumers’ interest, which
resulted in decline in the terms of trade
for the farm sector. This, coupled with
the stagnating and declining yield levels,
resulted in low income to the farmers.
1.4 Another major problem confronting the
rural areas in general and farm
households in particular, is the lack of
employment opportunities. Efforts are
needed to increase job opportunities in
the farm sector through increased
investment in irrigation, watershed
development, wasteland development,
land reclamation, etc. In addition, there
has to be a greater focus on the
accelerated development of the rural
non-farm sector and development of
clusters around towns/market centres. A
growing farm sector, better rural
infrastructure and connectivity, skill
development, adequate power supply
and easy availability of credit would
help in the creation of more employment
opportunities in the rural non-farm
sector and, in turn, enhance the income
of farm households.
1.5 In view of the above, there is a need to
focus more on the economic well-being
of the farmers, rather than just on
production. Socio-economic well-being
must be a prime consideration of
agricultural policy, besides production
and growth. The aim of the Policy is,
therefore, to stimulate attitudes and
actions which should result in assessing
agricultural progress in terms of
improvement in the income of farm
families, not only to meet their
consumption requirements but also to
enhance their capacity to invest in farm
related activities.
2.1 Several significant initiatives have
already been taken in recent years by the
government to reverse the downward
trend in agricultural production and to
find sustainable solutions for
strengthening the farmers’ livelihood
and income. Some of these important
initiatives include: (i) Bharat Nirman;
(ii) National Rural Employment
Guarantee Programme; (iii) National
Horticulture Mission; (iv) Expansion of
Institutional Credit to Farmers; (v)
Establishment of the National Bee
Board; (vi) Establishment of the
National Rainfed Area Authority; (vii)
Establishment of the National Fisheries
Development Board (NFDB); (viii)
Watershed Development and Micro
Irrigation Programmes; (ix) Reforms in
Agricultural Marketing and
Development of Market Infrastructure;
(x) Revitalisation of Cooperative
Sector; (xi) Agri-business Development
through Venture Capital Participation by
the Small Farmer Agri-business
Consortium; (xii) Reform and Support
for Agriculture Extension Services;
(xiii) National Rural Health Mission;
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3
National Policy for Farmers
3 MAJOR POLICY GOALS
(xiv) National Food Security Mission;
(xv) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana to
incentivise the states to invest more in
agriculture; (xvi) Integrated Food Law;
(xvii) Legislative Framework for
Warehousing Development and
Regulation; (xviii) Protection of Plant
Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPVFR)
Act, 2001; (xix) National Bamboo
Mission and (xx) Knowledge
Connectivity through Common Service
Centres (CSC) and IT initiatives.
3.1 The major goals of the National Policy
for Farmers are:
(i) To improve economic viability of
farming by substantially increasing
the net income of farmers and to
ensure that agricultural progress is
measured by advances made in
this income.
(ii) To protect and improve land,
water, bio-diversity and genetic
resources essential for sustained
increase in the productivity,
profitability and stability of major
farming systems by creating an
economic stake in conservation.
(iii) To develop support services
including provision for seeds,
irrigation, power, machinery and
implements, fertilizers and credit
at affordable prices in adequate
quantity for farmers.
(iv) To strengthen the bio-security of
crops, farm animals, fish and
forest trees for safeguarding the
livelihood and income security of
farmer families and the health and
trade security of the nation.
(v) To provide appropriate price and
trade policy mechanisms to
enhance farmers’ income.
(vi) To provide for suitable risk
management measures for
adequate and timely compensation
to farmers.
(vii) To complete the unfinished agenda
in land reforms and to initiate
comprehensive asset and aquarian
reforms.
(viii) To mainstream the human and
gender dimension in all farm
policies and programmes.
(ix) To pay explicit attention to
sustainable rural livelihoods.
(x) To foster community-centred food,
water and energy security systems
in rural India and to ensure
nutrition security at the level of
every child, woman and man.
(xi) To introduce measures which can
help attract and retain youths in
farming and processing of farm
products for higher value addition
by making it intellectually
stimulating and economically
rewarding.
(xii) To make India a global
outsourcing hub in the production
and supply of the inputs needed
for sustainable agriculture,
products and processes developed
through biotechnology and
Information and Communication
Technology (ICT).
(xiii) To restructure the agricultural
curriculum and pedagogic
methodologies for enabling every
farm and home science graduate to
become an entrepreneur and to
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4
National Policy for Farmers
4 ASSET REFORMS TO EMPOWER FARMERS
make agricultural education
gender sensitive.
(xiv) To develop and introduce a social
security system for farmers.
(xv) To provide appropriate
opportunities in adequate measure
for non-farm employment for the
farm households.
3.2 Definition of Farmer
For the purpose of this Policy, the term
“FARMER” will refer to a person
actively engaged in the economic and/or
livelihood activity of growing crops and
producing other primary agricultural
commodities and will include all
agricultural operational holders,
cultivators, agricultural labourers,
sharecroppers, tenants, poultry and
livestock rearers, fishers, beekeepers,
gardeners, pastoralists, non-corporate
planters and planting labourers, as well
as persons engaged in various farming-
related occupations such as sericulture,
vermiculture, and agro-forestry. The
term will also include tribal families /
persons engaged in shifting cultivation
and in the collection, use and sale of
minor and non-timber forest produce.
4.1 The purpose of asset reforms is to ensure
that every farmer household in villages
possesses and/or has access to
productive assets like land, livestock,
fishpond, homestead farm and/or income
through an enterprise and or market-
driven skills, so that the household
income is increased substantially on a
sustainable basis. This, in turn, would
ensure nutrition and livelihood security
and their education and health
requirements.
4.2 Land
4.2.1 Considering the skewed ownership of
land, it is necessary to strengthen
implementation of laws relating to land
reforms, with particular reference to
tenancy laws, land leasing, distribution
of ceiling surplus land and wasteland,
providing adequate access to common
property and wasteland resources and
the consolidation of holdings. Following
the conferment of land rights to women
under the Hindu Succession
(Amendment) Act, 2005, the provision
of appropriate support services to
women farmers has become urgent.
Joint pattas for both homestead and
agricultural land are essential for
empowering women to access credit and
other services.
4.2.2 The Land Acquisition Act would be
reviewed with particular reference to the
assessment of compensation. Prime
farmland must be conserved for
agriculture except under exceptional
circumstances, provided that the
agencies that are provided with
agricultural land for non-agricultural
projects should compensate for treatment
and full development of equivalent
degraded / wastelands elsewhere.
Further, the commitment under the
existing re-settlement policy of the
Central / State governments would be
fulfilled in letter and spirit. For non-
agricultural purposes, as far as possible,
land with low biological potential for
farming would be earmarked and
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National Policy for Farmers
allocated. State governments would be
advised to earmark lands with low
biological potential such as uncultivable
land, land affected by salinity, acidity,
etc., for non-agricultural development
activities, including industrial and
construction activities.
4.3 Water
4.3.1 Non-availability of timely and adequate
water for irrigation is now becoming a
serious constraint in achieving higher
productivity and stability of farming in
many parts of the country. Therefore,
assured irrigation is the need of the hour.
Though the total rainfall in our country
is satisfactory, its distribution is highly
skewed. Therefore, rainwater harvesting
and improving the efficiency of water-
use are important. It has been assessed
that even a 10 per cent increase in the
present level of water-use efficiency in
irrigation projects may help to provide
life-saving irrigation to crops in large
areas. Water-use efficiency can be
further enhanced by generating synergy
with seed varieties, nutrients (macro and
micro) and farm implements. The
concept of maximising yield and income
per unit of water would be used in all
crop production programmes. Water
users’ associations would be encouraged
to gain expertise in maximising the
benefits from the available water.
4.3.2 The majority of farmers depend on
groundwater for irrigation. This
resource, in which farmers may have
invested their hard-earned savings, is
being depleted and the water table is
receeding fast. Therefore, rainwater
harvesting and aquifer recharge would
be accorded priority for ensuring the
stability and sustainability of water
supply. Water quality also needs
attention, since it often gets polluted at
the source due to its over-exploitation
and the indiscriminate use of fertilizers,
pesticides and toxic chemicals.
4.3.3 Besides addressing the problems relating
to adequacy and quality, equity in water
distribution would be ensured. Water is a
public resource, and not a private
property. Therefore, priority would be
given to evolve mechanisms for just and
equitable access to water and to include
local people in managing water
resources. Women would be given a
significant role as water users, both in
access and management.
4.3.4 The following steps would be taken for
augmentation of water availability and
its efficient use:
(i) Rainwater harvesting and aquifer
recharge would be given priority
for ensuring the stability of supply.
Necessary legislative measures to
regulate and control the
development and management of
ground water would be taken up
simultaneously.
(ii) Existing wells and ponds would be
renovated.
(iii) Demand management through
improved irrigation practises,
including sprinkler and drip
irrigation, and through Pani
Panchayats or water users
associations would be accorded a
high priority.
(iv) A water literacy movement would
be launched and regulations would
be put in place for the sustainable
use of ground water.
(v) Integrated and coordinated
development of surface and
ground water resources and their
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National Policy for Farmers
conjunctive use would be
envisaged right from the project
planning stage and would form an
integral part of project
implementation.
(vi) In water-scarce areas, the land-use
system would emphasise the
cultivation of crops of high value
and requiring less water such as
pulses and oilseeds.
4.3.5 Symbiotic interaction and convergence
of efforts would be made through
various initiatives of the central / state
governments such as the National
Rainfed Area Authority, the National
Horticulture Mission, the Technology
Missions on Oilseeds and Pulses and the
National Rural Employment Guarantee
Programme to promote water-use
efficiency and water conservation
measures.
4.3.6 For drought-prone areas, a Drought
Code would be introduced identifying
the action needed to minimise the
impact of adverse monsoons and to
maximise the benefits of a good
season. Similarly, in areas prone to
heavy rainfall, a Flood Code would be
introduced to mitigate distress, take
care of the needs of the farmers
immediately after floods and help
convert the flood-free seasons into
major agricultural production periods.
For the arid areas, a Good Weather
Code would be introduced for taking
advantage of occasional heavy rainfall
for strengthening the ecological
infrastructure essential for sustainable
livestock production, drinking water
security and sand dune stabilisation.
The National Rainfed Area Authority
would provide technical and other
support in this regard.
4.4 Livestock
4.4.1 Livestock, including poultry, is also one
of the important sources of livelihood,
contributing about one fourth of the
agricultural GDP. These activities
engage women in much larger
proportion. The ownership of livestock
is much more egalitarian since poor
farmer families mostly own cattle,
buffalo, sheep and goats. The major
constraints experienced by farmers relate
to breed, fodder, feed, healthcare and
remunerative prices for their produce.
There is a need to address these issues
through an appropriate strategy. Further,
to enhance the income of livestock
owners, agri-clinics operated by
veterinary and farm science graduates
would be encouraged to improve
productivity and overall efficiency of
livestock. At the same time, crop-
livestock mixed farming systems would
be promoted, apart from encouraging
production of organic manures and bio-
fertilizers. Livestock insurance would
also be revamped and made accessible to
all farmers.
4.4.2 For poultry farming, the following steps
would be taken:
(i) Quarantine and testing facilities
for imported birds and vaccines at
all ports of entry would be
established and strengthened, since
such safeguards are necessary for
the health and survival of the
poultry industry and for the
protection of life and livelihood.
(ii) Testing for safety and efficacy of
imported poultry vaccines before
they are allowed to be marketed,
as is done in the case of human
vaccines, would be made
compulsory.
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National Policy for Farmers
(iii) Poultry rearing would be
recognised as an agricultural
activity and appropriate support
would be provided to backyard
poultry farmers to promote
clusters or small holders’ poultry
estates.
4.5 Fisheries
4.5.1 Both coastal and inland fisheries provide
employment and livelihood to millions
of families. There is considerable scope
for improving the income of fishermen
families on an environmentally
sustainable basis by encouraging
scientific fish rearing, harvesting and
processing. In the area of public policy,
there is a need for well-planned aquarian
reforms in order to provide landless
labour families access to village ponds
and other water bodies in the public
domain for aquaculture.
4.5.2 The NFDB has been established by the
Government of India to bring major
activities relating to fisheries and
aquaculture for focused attention and
professional management. The guiding
principles for the NFDB would be
ecology, economics, gender equity,
employment generation and advising the
state governments to facilitate rational
and equitable allocation of public water
bodies and reservoirs for practising
modern aquaculture.
4.5.3 Following steps will be taken to promote
modern aquaculture practices and value
addition:
(i) “Fish for All” training and capacity
building centres to impart training to
fisher families and fisher-women in
all aspects of the capture / culture /
consumption chain, quality literacy
for hygienic handling and other
aspects.
(ii) Provision of small dredgers for
ensuring the efficiency of fish-
landing centres.
(iii) Centralised services to support the
decentralised capture and culture
fisheries sectors.
(iv) Inland aquaculture, including the
culture of ornamental fish and air-
breathing fish, by providing
necessary space in ponds and
reservoirs.
(v) Artificial coral reefs to compensate
for the loss of natural coral reefs to
revive the fish catch.
(vi) Raising bio-shields comprising
Mangroves, Casuarina, Salicornia,
Aatriplex and other halophytic
plants, to safeguard the lives and
livelihoods of coastal fisher and
farm families in the event of
cyclonic storms and seawater
inundation during calamities like
tsunamis.
4.5.4 A dynamic policy for the management
and economic use of the Exclusive
Economic Zone (EEZ) for a variety of
economic activities, including fisheries,
will be evolved and put in place with the
assistance of NFDB.
4.6 Bio-resources
4.6.1 Bio-resources refer to the abundant
wealth of flora and fauna, including soil
micro flora and micro fauna, which, after
land and water, form the third important
natural resource available to farmers.
Efforts will be made to conserve as well
as enhance these resources and to ensure
their sustainable use with equitable
sharing of benefits. Two major
legislations—the Protection of Plant
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National Policy for Farmers
Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPVFR)
Act, 2001 and the Biological Diversity
Act, 2002—are in place to achieve some
of the above aims. Implementation of
these Acts would be strengthened and
detailed guidelines would be developed
in such a manner as to recognise the
rights of farmers and the farming
community. The National Gene and
Biodiversity Fund would be used to
recognise and reward contributions of
farmers and to support revitalisation of
in situ farm conservation traditions of
such communities. A beginning has
already been made by the government in
establishing the Plant Genome Saviour
Community Recognition Award for
farmers.
4.6.2 For conservation and development of
bio-resources, the following would be
promoted:
(i) Documentation of traditional
knowledge through community
bio-diversity registers with the
involvement of women, who hold
much of this knowledge.
(ii) Support to tribal and rural people
for revitalising their in situ farm
conservation traditions.
(iii) Participatory breeding procedures
involving scientists and local
conservers for improving the
productivity of land races.
(iv) Genetic engineers working in
public institutions to perform the
role of pre-breeding i.e.,
development of novel genetic
combinations for important
biological and economic traits,
such as resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses, in participatory
breeding programmes with
farmers, to integrate genetic
efficiency and genetic diversity in
an effective manner.
(v) Genetic homogeneity enhances
genetic vulnerability to pests and
diseases. Therefore, pre-breeding
and participatory breeding would
be integrated to help insulate small
farmers from the risks of pest and
disease epidemics.
(vi) Launch of literacy movement on
genetic and legal aspects, in areas
rich in agro-biodiversity such as
the North East, Western and
Eastern Ghats and the arid and
semi-arid zones.
(vii) Genome clubs will be encouraged
in rural schools and colleges for
imparting an understanding of the
importance of genetic resource
conservation.
(viii) Literacy and awareness to help
tribal and rural families understand
the provisions of the PPVFR Act
and the Biological Diversity Act
with reference to their entitlements.
(ix) Training of farm and tribal
families in methods of preventing
gene erosion.
(x) Conservation of coastal
biodiversity, including coral reefs
and sea grass beds and support to
traditional methods of conservation.
(xi) Organise and support herbal bio-
valleys in the Western Ghats,
Eastern Ghats, Vindhyas and
Himalayan region for the
conservation and sustainable use
of medicinal plants. In such bio-
valleys, farmers would be assisted
through venture capital and other
support to take to conservation,
selection and multiplication of
medicinal plants of value to health
security.
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National Policy for Farmers
5 SUPPORT SERVICES
(xii) A nationwide programme will be
taken up for the ex situ and in situ
conservation of plant genetic
resources at the field / farmer
level. Farmer-level gene / seed
banks would be set up in areas
where traditional varieties are in
danger of extinction. Seed
exchange programmes undertaken
by some state governments, should
take due care to ensure that the
traditional rice gene pool is not
lost in this process.
(xiii) Participatory management of
national parks, bio-sphere reserves
and gene sanctuaries.
4.7 Animal Genetic Resources
4.7.1 A system of rewards and incentives will
be developed to enable and motivate
people to conserve their breeds under the
Biological Diversity Act. The
Biodiversity Fund would be used for
such purposes. Livestock keepers’
inherent rights to continue to use and
develop their own breeding stock and
breeding practises will be acknowledged
and encouraged. The government will
recognise these rights, acknowledge
livestock keepers’ contribution to the
national economy, and adapt its policies
and legal frameworks accordingly so as
to protect the same and to pre-empt
attempts to use the intellectual property
system to obtain control over animal
resources.
4.7.2 Apart from conserving genetic diversity
and acknowledging the vital role of
livestock keepers, there is a need to
document the indigenous knowledge of
pastoral communities about animal
maintenance and breeding. Community-
based conservation and development of
indigenous livestock breeds and species
will be encouraged, with a special focus
on both hot and cold arid and semi-arid
areas where genetic diversity and
associated indigenous knowledge are
particularly well developed. State farms
may be used to promote in situ
conservation of animal breeds. Grazing
lands must be earmarked to enable the
conservation of animal genetic resources.
Documentation of special biological and
economic traits would be done in the
context of the new biological and
nutritional needs or for other economic
traits like hide/leather quality. Creation of
disease-secure facilities for screening of
germ plasm and selection of disease
resistant varieties would be promoted.
4.7.3 Indian breeds of cattle and buffaloes are
in demand in other countries. Animal
science graduates, self-help groups
(SHGs) and progressive livestock farmers
would be encouraged and supported to
maintain pedigree animals of these breeds
for exploiting export opportunities.
However, export of all biological material
including animals would be in
accordance with the provisions of the
Biological Diversity Act.
5.1 Science and Technology
5.1.1 Science and technology are the key
drivers of change in farm operations
and output. New technologies which
can help enhance productivity per unit
of land and water are needed for
overcoming the prevailing technology
fatigue. Frontier technologies like bio-
technology, ICT, renewable energy
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National Policy for Farmers
technologies, space applications and
nano-technology provide opportunities
for launching an “Evergreen
Revolution” capable of improving
productivity on a sustainable basis. In
order to ensure social inclusion in
access to new technologies, public
investment in socially relevant
agricultural research should be stepped
up under the umbrella of the National
Agricultural Research System (NARS)
comprising large numbers of Indian
Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR) institutions, state agricultural
universities, all-India coordinated
research projects and national bureaus.
Non-governmental organisations
(NGO) and private sector research and
development (R&D) institutions would
also be included under the NARS
umbrella. NARS would be restructured
so as to effectively address the
problems faced by small and marginal
farmers.
5.1.2 The research strategy should be pro-
nature, pro-small farmer and gender
sensitive. Community-managed seed
villages and seed technology training
centres are needed, with women playing
the major role because of their
traditional knowledge of seeds and seed
management, especially in tribal
communities. Scientific literacy and
removal of doubts and fears about the
risks and benefits associated with bio-
technology and other new technologies,
can be achieved through farmers
selected in each panchayat and provided
with adequate training, so as to enable
them to serve as farm science managers
in their respective villages.
5.1.3 A National Bio-technology Regulatory
Authority would be set up for ensuring
the safe and responsible use of
recombinant DNA technology or genetic
engineering.
5.1.4 Need-based breeding of crop varieties
would be stepped up such as processing
quality fruits and vegetables.
5.1.5 High level multidisciplinary effort will
be made for enhancing scientific inputs
in organic farming that meet the needs of
farmers. Integrated crop – livestock -
fish production systems offer scope for
the adoption of the principles and
methods of organic farming.
5.1.6 In intensively cultivated mono-crop
areas, crop diversification may be
beneficial from the points of view of
ecology, economics and employment
generation. However, any advice on
crop diversification must be
accompanied by steps to ensure effective
market support for the alternative crops.
In planning for crop diversification,
particularly from food to non-food crops,
such as for the production of bio-fuels,
the food security of the nation would be
kept in view.
5.1.7 The intellectual property rights regime
will make provisions for compulsory
licensing of rights in the cases of
research products and processes of value
to farmers. In all cases of health and
food security, social inclusion will be the
guiding factor.
5.1.8 Conservation farming would be given
priority in the heartland of the Green
Revolution and turning the Indo-
Gangetic Plains into a major food
basket through an appropriate mix of
technology services and public
policies.
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National Policy for Farmers
5.2 Agricultural Bio-security
5.2.1 Agricultural bio-security covering crops,
trees and farm and aquatic animals is of
great importance since it relates to both
the work and income security of a
majority of the population and the food
and trade security of the nation. An
integrated National Agricultural
Biosecurity System (NABS) covering
crops, animal husbandry, fisheries,
forestry and agriculturally relevant
micro-organisms will be established with
the following objectives:
(i) Safeguard the income and
livelihood security of farmer
families, as well as the food, health
and trade security of the nation,
through effective and integrated
surveillance, vigilance, prevention,
and control mechanisms designed to
protect the productivity and safety
of crops, farm animals, fishes and
forest trees.
(ii) Enhance national and local capacity
in initiating proactive measures in
monitoring, early warning,
education, research, control and
international cooperation.
(iii) Introduce an integrated bio-security
package comprising regulatory
measures, education, improved
sanitary and phyto-sanitary
measures and social mobilisation.
(iv) Organise an integrated national
agricultural biosecurity programme on
a hub-and-spoke model, with effective
home and regional quarantine facilities
capable of insulating the major agro-
ecological and farming system zones
of the country from invasive alien
species of pests, pathogens and weeds
as well as from the introduction and
release of Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs).
5.3 Agro-meteorology
5.3.1 The nation has considerable capacity in
short, medium and long range weather
forecasting. Generic information about
weather has to be translated into
location- specific land-use advice, based
on cropping patterns and water
availability. The agro-meteorological
advisories issued from time to time,
would be used by Panchayat-level
functionaries, trained to give appropriate
land-use suggestions to farmers with the
least possible time lag. For marine
fisheries, data on wave heights and
location of fish shoals available would
be transmitted to the fishermen.
Frontline technologies such as internet-
FM/HAM radio/cellphone services
would be very helpful to fishermen in
this regard.
5.4 Climate Change
5.4.1 Climate change leading to adverse
changes in temperature, precipitation
and sea level is an emerging issue. Most
experts agree that the impact of global
warming has been in a worrisome
measure, as evident from the melting of
glaciers and Antarctic and Arctic ice
caps. Coastal storms and cyclones are
also increasing in frequency and
intensity. Consequent to these changes,
droughts and floods are likely to be more
frequent. Although climate change is a
product of unsustainable consumption of
non-renewable forms of energy, the
harmful impact of climate change will be
felt more by those nations with limited
resources and coping capacity.
Proactive measures to reduce the
vulnerability to climate change will be
taken. Based on simulation models,
contingency plans and alternative land-
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National Policy for Farmers
use and water-use strategies will be
developed for each major agro-climatic
zone. In drought and flood-prone areas,
experienced farmers would be trained as
“Climate Managers” in the art of
managing drought, flood and aberrant
monsoons.
5.5 Inputs and Services
(i) Seeds: Good quality seeds and
disease-free planting material,
including in-vitro cultured
propagules, are essential for crop
productivity and security. Hybrids
are now becoming available for
many crops. In the case of new
varieties, foundation seeds would
be provided to grass root level
seed growers and their groups such
as cooperative societies and SHGs.
Mutually beneficial farmer-seed
company partnerships will be
encouraged. Agricultural
universities would be encouraged
to organise courses on seed
technology and business, and
mainstream business principles in
all applied courses. A national
seed grid will be established to
ensure supply of seeds across the
country, as per the area specific
requirement.
(ii) Soil Health: Soil health
enhancement holds the key to
raising farm productivity. Steps
would be taken to ensure that each
farmer is issued with a soil health
passbook containing integrated
information on the physics,
chemistry and microbiology of
farm soils with corresponding
advisories. More laboratories to
detect specific micronutrient
deficiencies in soils will be
established for this purpose. Soil
organic matter would be increased
by incorporating crop residues in
the soil. Proper technical advice on
the reclamation of wastelands and
on improving their biological
potential will be made available.
Fertilizer pricing policies will be
reviewed to promote balanced use
of fertilizers. Agro-forestry will be
encouraged for efficient nutrient
cycling, nitrogen fixation, organic
matter addition and for improving
drainage. Appropriate production
and marketing mechanisms for
bio-fertilizers, organic manures
etc. will be put in place to promote
their use for improving/
maintaining soil health.
(iii) Pesticides: The triple alliance of
pests, pathogens and weeds is the
cause of substantial crop losses
every year. The development,
introduction and diffusion of
environmentally safe and effective
pesticides will be given priority.
There is a need for incorporating
the use of chemical pesticides in
an Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) system. Suitable quality
control, safety evaluation and
other regulatory systems would be
strengthened. The sale of spurious
and substandard pesticides would
be prevented and bio-pesticides
would be promoted.
(iv) Implements: Farmers need region
and crop specific machines and
implements for timely sowing,
management of weeds and
improving their post-harvest
operations. Women especially
need woman-friendly implements /
tools which can reduce drudgery,
save time, enhance output and can
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National Policy for Farmers
be handled comfortably. Agri -
entrepreneurs including farm
graduates and progressive farmers
would be encouraged to provide
implements and tools, machinery,
tractors and other farm implements
on a custom-hire basis.
(v) Vaccines and Sero-diagnostics: Major gaps in the presently
available facilities would be filled
in the case of important animal
diseases. Bio-technology research
in the area of vaccine development
would be stepped up, encouraging
public private partnerships.
(vi) Fish Seed and Feed: Good quality
and disease-free fish seed holds
the key to successful inland
aquaculture. Progressive fishermen
and their groups such as SHGs
would be trained in induced fish
seed breeding, production and
availability of seed and fish seed
feed at affordable prices, with
appropriate technical assistance
from the NFDB and other
agencies.
(vii) Animal Feed: Inadequate
nutrition is the primary cause of
low milk yield in dairy animals.
Both conventional and non-
conventional approaches for
conversion of cellulosic wastes
into good animal feed through
appropriate treatment and
enrichment, planting of nutrition
rich fodder plants and
dissemination of technologies
would be encouraged.
(viii) Other essential support services: These include establishing genetic
evaluation systems for indigenous
breeds as well as crosses, so that
selection can lead to genetic
improvement of production
characteristics; upgrading of breed
through artificial insemination;
cross- breeding suited to the
farmers’ resources; and improved
processing and marketing. The
livestock sector has to become
sanitary and phyto-sanitary
compliant. A cadre of para-
veterinarians would be trained to
set up support service centres for
the farmers, to promote early
detection and treatment of diseases
and other veterinary services.
(ix) Support Services for Women
Empowerment: For capacity
building and livelihood, women
working in the farms need
appropriate support services like
crèches, child care centres,
nutrition, health and training, etc.
For funding such activities,
existing schemes of the Ministry
of Panchayati Raj, the Ministry of
Rural Development and the
Ministry of Agriculture would be
augmented and utilised and new
schemes would be introduced, if
required.
5.6 Credit and Insurance
5.6.1 Improvement in the outreach and
efficiency of the rural banking system
is the need of the hour. Towards this
end, the financial services would be
galvanised for timely, adequate and
easy reach to the farmers at reasonable
interest rates. The banking system
would endeavour to meet the large
credit potential needed to raise
agriculture to higher thresholds and
for the growth of rural and agri-
business enterprises and employment,
and would take steps to achieve
financial inclusion.
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National Policy for Farmers
5.6.2 The Government of India has already put
in place an agriculture credit policy to
improve access of farmers to institutional
credit. Steps would be taken for extensive
coverage of farmers under the Kisan
Credit Card Scheme. Micro credit and
micro insurance will be promoted as an
effective tool for encouraging production
and reducing risk. Credit cooperatives
have an important position and role in the
rural financial system and priority would
be given to reforms and revamping of
cooperative credit institutions as per the
recommendations of the Vaidyanathan
Committee. Credit counselling centres
would be established where severely
indebted farmers can be provided a debt
rescue package/ rescheduling to save
them from a debt trap. National Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD), as the leader of agriculture
and rural credit, should facilitate
convergence between credit availability
and credit absorptive capacity of the
farmers and other rural borrowers and an
efficient credit delivery system.
NABARD should actively involve itself
in institution building and provide backup
support through research and
development initiatives. NABARD
should function like a national bank for
farmers.
5.6.3 Since agriculture is a high-risk economic
activity, farmers need user-friendly
insurance instruments covering
production, right from sowing to post-
harvest operations. The insurance should
also cover the market risks for all crops,
in order to insulate the farmers from
financial distress and in the process
make agriculture financially viable.
Steps would be taken to revamp the
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme
to make it more farmer friendly.
5.6.4 There is also a need for credit and
insurance literacy in villages. Gyan
Chaupals (village knowledge centres)
can help in this task. Awareness on
credit and insurance issues among
farmers would be promoted.
5.6.5 Women need special attention in credit
access because of their lack of land
title/collateral. Kisan credit cards would
be issued to women speedily with joint
pattas for homestead / agricultural land.
For the cases without joint pattas,
indemnity bonds / guarantees from
husband, and relatives would be
considered by the banks for extending
credit and kisan credit cards to the
women farmers.
5.7 Cooperatives
5.7.1 Cooperatives have an important role to
play in banking, input supply, marketing,
agro-processing and other agri-
businesses to protect farmers from the
vagaries of existing imperfections in the
supply of inputs, production, value
addition and marketing. Cooperatives
should function as economic enterprises
and not as an extended arm of the state.
They require an entrepreneurial
approach, competitive edge through
suitable enterprise focus and strategic
alliances with private and public sector
units. Appropriate mechanisms would be
put in place so that farmers have greater
control of the market channels and
improve profit opportunities through
cooperatives and SHGs.
5.7.2 With economic liberalisation and market
competitiveness, cooperatives would
require much larger capital and other
financial resources. Changes in the legal
framework and regulatory system would
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National Policy for Farmers
help gain greater access to
capital/financial resources. The policy
and legal framework under which
cooperatives are functioning would be
reviewed so as to create an enabling
environment for them to attain autonomy
and run their operations in a business -
like manner, subject to provisions of
law. The management of the
cooperatives needs to be made
professionally competent, with clear
demarcation of functions of the elected
members and the managers. The audit
and accounting systems would be
improved and made transparent so as to
give greater confidence to all the
members of cooperatives.
5.8 Extension, Training and Knowledge
Connectivity
5.8.1 The gap between scientific know-how
and field level do-how has been
widening in the recent years. This
knowledge deficit would be overcome
speedily to enhance farm productivity
and profitability. Krishi Vigyan
Kendras (KVKs) would take up
training and lab-to-land demonstrations
in the area of post-harvest technology,
agro-processing and value addition to
primary products to provide skilled
jobs in villages. State governments
would be supported for strengthening
the extension machinery through
retraining and retooling of existing
extension personnel and for promoting
farmer to farmer learning by setting up
farm schools in the fields of
outstanding / progressive farmers. The
farm schools with linkages to KVKs
can speed up the process of
technological upgradation of crop and
animal husbandry, fisheries and agro-
forestry. Efforts will be made to bring
farmers, processors, retailers and other
stakeholders together to support
modern agricultural practices.
Convergence of extension efforts
especially at the district level and
below would be ensured.
5.8.2 The potential of ICT would be
harnessed by establishing Gyan
Chaupals in villages. Further, the
common service centres of the
Department of Information Technology,
Government of India and those set up
by the state governments and private
initiative programmes will be evolved
for inclusive and broad-based
development. Thus, the structure of the
ICT-based knowledge system would,
inter alia, include setting up of such
village centres. Last-mile and last-
person connectivity would be facilitated
with the help of technologies such as
broadband internet, community radio,
or internet-mobile phone synergies.
5.8.3 Empowering farmers with the right
information at the right time and place is
essential for improving the efficiency
and viability of small and marginal
holdings. Mass media, particularly the
radio, television and local language
newspapers, will be used to play an
important role in this regard.
5.9 Social Security
Coverage of farmers, particularly small
and marginal farmers and landless
agricultural workers, under a
comprehensive national social security
scheme is essential for ensuring
livelihood security. The government
would, therefore, take necessary steps to
put in place an appropriate social
security scheme.
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National Policy for Farmers
5.10 Agricultural Prices, Marketing and
Trade
5.10.1 Assured and remunerative marketing
opportunities hold the key to continued
progress in enhancing farm productivity
and profitability. Several significant
market reforms have already been
initiated by the Central and the State
governments. These reforms provide
more options to farmers for selling their
produce, allowing the private sector,
including cooperatives, to develop
markets, promote direct sales to
consumers, processors and retail chain
suppliers / exporters and remove scope
for corruption and harassment. The
following steps would be taken:
(i) The Minimum Support Price
(MSP) mechanism would be
implemented effectively across the
country.
(ii) The Market Intervention Scheme
(MIS) would be strengthened to
respond speedily to exigencies
especially in the case of sensitive
crops in the rainfed areas.
(iii) The establishment of community
foodgrains banks would be
promoted to help in the marketing
of underutilised crops and thereby
generate an economic stake in the
conservation of agro-biodiversity.
(iv) The food security basket will be
enlarged by storing and selling
nutritious millets such as bajra,
jowar and ragi and other crops
through the network of the Public
Distribution Systems (PDS).
(v) Efforts will be made to develop a
single national market by relaxing
internal restrictions. All controls
and regulations hindering increase
in farmers’ income will be
reviewed and abolished.
(vi) Terminal markets for agriculture
would be developed in public-
private partnership mode to
provide better market access to
farmers with better price
realisation in a transparent trading
environment with suitable
backward linkages to give
technical backstopping services
needed for quality and demand
driven production.
(vii) The role of the Agriculture
Produce Market Committees and
State Agriculture Marketing
Boards would be transformed from
mere regulatory focus to
promotion of grading, branding,
packaging and development of
markets for local produce.
5.10.2 Farmers require authentic advice based
on meteorological, marketing and
management information for land-use
decisions and investments. Infrastructure
support would be put in place to
minimise post-harvest losses and enable
agro-processing and value-addition at
the village level itself to increase
employment and income. Farmers’
organisations and other entities like
cooperatives and small farmers’ estates
would be encouraged so that farmers can
get a fair deal and enjoy the economies
of scale. Producer groups and
cooperatives will be encouraged to
promote agro-processing industry.
Constraints would be removed for
improving the negotiability of
warehouse receipts.
5.10.3 The trade policies in agriculture would
aim at protecting the livelihood of
farmer families and fostering their
economic well-being. Effective
livelihood security for farmers would be
put in place. Quality and trade literacy
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National Policy for Farmers
programmes would be launched across
the country. Appropriate measures would
be introduced to mitigate price risks and
enable the stakeholders, particularly the
farmers, to hedge their risk.
5.10.4 Farmers’ associations and SHGs would
be supported to export on competitive
terms by spreading awareness of the
opportunities available for external
agricultural trade and for value addition.
The agri-export zones would be further
strengthened to become places where
farmers will get the best possible price
for their produce.
5.10.5 The twin goals of ensuring justice to
farmers in terms of a remunerative price
for their produce and to consumers in
terms of a fair and affordable price for
staples (as farmers are also consumers)
would be achieved through the following
integrated strategy:
(i) The government, while taking
decisions on MSP, would ensure that
the farmers’ interests in receiving
remunerative prices for their produce
are adequately safeguarded.
(ii) Stable and efficient market
environment, including effective
implementation of MSP in rainfed
areas, would add to the
improvement in productivity and
income in dry land farming.
5.10.6 The terms of reference and status of the
Commission for Agricultural Costs and
Prices (CACP) would be reviewed to
make the MSP regime more effective.
5.11 Integration with Processing and Value
Chain
5.11.1 It is well recognised that value addition
to agricultural produce increases income
levels of the farmers. Therefore, it is
necessary to integrate their production
with processing and other value chain
activities. However, the post-harvest
infrastructure in the country is grossly
inadequate, resulting in huge
inefficiencies and wastages. The
percentage of post harvest losses at
various stages of storage, grading,
packing and marketing due to improper
handling and transportation, vary
greatly, depending on the nature of crop
and climatic conditions. The food
processing industry has the potential to
provide long-term economic
sustainability to the farmers by adding
value to their produce, improving post-
harvest management linking the farmers
to the market and promoting demand-
driven farming. Further, the food
processing activities also need
modernisation. Hence, effective steps
would be taken to facilitate and stimulate
this process, modernise the food
processing sector and enhance its
competitiveness.
5.12 Curriculum Reform
5.12.1 Agricultural / Animal Sciences
Universities: The motto of these
universities would be to groom “every
scholar/student as an entrepreneur”. This
will call for integrating business
management principles with major
applied courses. The agriculture/farm
universities would also restructure their
curricula in a manner that the gender
roles in farming are recognised and they
are equally empowered technologically.
There is a need to restructure the
curricula to focus on nutrition, post-
harvest technology, quality and safety
standards. The farm universities would
be reoriented to give emphasis on
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18
National Policy for Farmers
6 SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF FARMERS
entrepreneurship and capacity building
on quality including sanitary and phyto-
sanitary measures and Codex
Alimentarius standards of food safety.
5.12.2 The mandate of the ICAR would be
expanded to provide for registration and
accreditation to the farm graduates as
registered farm practitioners to provide
quality service to the farmers. Centres of
excellence in agriculture (crop, animal
husbandry, fishery and forestry)
modelled after the Indian Institutes of
Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes
of Management (IIMs) would be
developed to enhance the
competitiveness of the graduates. Taking
into account the new opportunities
opened up by ICT, pedagogic
methodology for promoting a learning
revolution among students would be
adopted. University centres would also
establish employment and business
advisory services and promotion centres
and special one-stop windows for
generating awareness of self-
employment opportunities.
6.1 Tribal Farmers
Tribal farmers are among the most
disadvantaged category of farmers. A
majority of tribal communities across the
country are dependent on forests and
animal husbandry for their livelihoods.
These include cultivation (shifting
cultivation in many cases), collection of
fuel, fodder and a range of non-timber
forest produce. Uplifting of their
economic conditions would be a priority
for the government. For this purpose, the
following actions would be initiated:
(i) Updating land records in areas
inhabited by tribal farmers.
(ii) Strengthening the institutional structure
to enable a more participatory process
in decision making.
(iii) Easy access to institutional credit to
all tribal farmers and adequate
provision of kisan credit cards for
them.
(iv) Documentation of the traditional
crops and knowledge of the tribal
farmers and creating an economic
stake in conservation of such crops.
(v) Provision of appropriate technology
and extension services and relaxed
criteria for providing inputs such as
water, fertilizers, seeds, etc. for
tribal areas.
6.2 Pastoralists
The following steps would be initiated to
ensure better livelihood opportunities for
pastoralists:
(i) Restoration of traditional grazing
rights and camping rights in respect
of forest areas and in those areas
earmarked for grazing purpose in
village common lands.
(ii) Formalising entitlements (including
issue of permanent grazing cards)
for traditional pastoralists/herders
maintaining native animal breeds to
enable free access to notified or
demarcated grazing sites and
migration routes.
(iii) Grazing land and drinking water
sources for livestock will be
conserved and expanded to the
extent feasible.
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19
National Policy for Farmers
7 SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF FARMING
(iv) In-depth documentation and
characterisation of indigenous
livestock breeds and preservation
thereof would be carried out to
recognise and protect the
intellectual property rights of the
local communities / individuals
conserving these livestock breeds.
(v) Pastoralists would be involved in all
local natural resource management
programmes, including village
forest committees and joint forest
management.
6.3 Other Categories
6.3.1 Besides the above two groups, there are
several small groups with distinct and
special needs such as small plantation
farmers, island farmers, urban farmers
and organic farmers.
6.3.2 Plantation Farmers
A large number of small farmers are
engaged in the cultivation of plantation
crops like tea, coffee, rubber, cardamom,
pepper and vanilla. Price fluctuation and
competition from products imported
from abroad are among the major
problems facing them. Therefore, the
Price Stabilisation Fund for plantation
crops will help them to be insulated from
the vagaries of the market.
6.3.3 Island Farmers
The farming and fisher families in the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Lakshadweep group of islands and other
islands need special attention including
technology, training, techno-
infrastructure and trade. Island
agriculture also has the problem of
transport costs, particularly for
perishable commodities like fish which
may have to be sold in the mainland.
The ancient tribes of the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands have rich traditional
knowledge and wisdom. Steps would be
taken to recognise and reward their
indigenous knowledge in the areas of
biodiversity conservation and traditional
healthcare. Horticulture development
programmes would be taken up in
islands wherever feasible. The creation
of mangrove and non-mangrove based
bioshields would be initiated to
safeguard the lives and livelihoods of
island populations in the event of the rise
of sea levels due to global warming and
calamities like tsunamis.
6.3.4 Urban Farmers
In urban areas, home gardens and
nurseries would be encouraged.
Nutrition gardens would be supported to
supplement the nutritional requirement.
7.1 Organic Farming
The organic farming movement in
India suffers from a lack of adequate
institutional support in the areas of
research, extension, certification and
marketing and it requires more
scientific support than chemical
farming. KVKs would be equipped
to provide training in organic
agriculture. Internationally accepted
certification procedures would be
strengthened to make them farmer-
friendly and affordable. Organic
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20
National Policy for Farmers
farming zones would be identified,
like the hill areas, islands where
chemical fertilizer use is low, and for
medicinal plants where the use of
chemical pesticides and fertilizers is
not advisable. Organic farming would
also be encouraged in selected
rainfed areas backed up by required
supports, including marketing. It
would also be supported through
contract farming. Food safety and
quality specifications should conform
to the Codex Alimentarius standards
since there are occasional reports of
heavy metals being present in organic
foods. Farmers engaged in organic
farming should be linked to niche
markets where they will obtain a
premium price. Progressive farmers
and farm graduates would be
supported for establishing agri-clinics
and agri-business centres for organic
farming. Bio-fertilizers, organic
manures and bio-pesticides would be
treated at par with the chemical
fertilizers for support and promotion.
7.2 Green Agriculture
Green agriculture involving integrated
pest management, integrated nutrient
supply and integrated natural
resources management is recognised
as the pathway to an “Evergreen
Revolution”. Unlike organic farming,
green agriculture permits the safe and
minimal use of mineral fertilizers and
chemical pesticides, as well as crop
varieties developed by genetic
modification. Green agriculture
products would be encouraged with
distinct labelling and certification as
in the case of organic farming.
7.3 Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
There is a need to assess the risks and
benefits associated with GM crops in a
credible and transparent manner.
Priority would be given for genetic
modification to incorporate genes which
can help impart resistance to drought,
salinity and other stresses. Water-use
efficiency as well as improvement of
both nutritive and processing quality
would also be accorded priority in the
research agenda. Training and awareness
in agronomic management procedures in
respect of GM crop varieties would be
introduced.
7.4 Protected (Greenhouse) Agriculture
With the rapid growth of
horticulture, there is an opportunity
for greenhouse cultivation of
vegetables, fruits and flowers
supported by economic methods of
water and fertilizer use such as
fertigation (the application of
nutrients through irrigation systems).
Support would be given to farm and
home science graduates and other
entrepreneurs to undertake green
house horticulture under the agri-
business programme and horticulture
development programmes. Low-cost
green houses, along with micro-
irrigation and fertigation techniques,
would be popularised in areas where
evaporation exceeds precipitation
during several months in a year.
Suitable support would be given for
such technologies that would
increase income in water deficit
areas.
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21
National Policy for Farmers
9 FARMERS OF THE FUTURE
8.1 Distress Hotspots
Several steps have been taken by the
government to mitigate agrarian distress
experienced in some parts of the
country. It is important that special
attention is paid to such areas to reduce
risk and promote inputs for sustainable
agricultural practices. In such areas,
knowledge connectivity, social support
systems and marketing infrastructure
will be strengthened. Convergence of the
benefits under different schemes would
also be encouraged.
8.2 Mega Bio-diversity Areas
Local communities would be involved in
the conservation of mega bio-diversity
areas such as Western and Eastern
Ghats, eastern Himalayan region, other
North East and tribal areas. These
communities would be given an
incentive and their contributions would
be appropriately recognised. Steps
would also be taken to enable local
communities in mega bio-diversity areas
to convert bio-resources into economic
wealth in a sustainable manner.
9.1 The slow growth of opportunities in the
non-farm employment sector has led to
the proliferation of tiny and
economically non-viable holdings.
Increase in small farm productivity and
creating multiple livelihood
opportunities through crop-livestock
integrated farming systems as well as
agro-processing would be supported for
increasing farmers’ incomes. Methods
of achieving economies of scale by small
and marginal farmers through the
farming groups would be popularised to
enhance yield and income. Women
would be encouraged to participate in
such group activities. The following are
some of the methods which may benefit
the small and marginal farmers for
gaining efficiency and economies of
scale in their farming operations.
(i) Cooperative Farming and Service
Cooperatives: These have been
successful in the case of the dairy
industry. Marketing cooperatives
are successful since members
cooperate on the basis of
enlightened self-interest. Other
forms of service cooperatives are
slowly emerging, but the pace needs
to be accelerated. Small farmers’
cooperatives would, therefore, be
encouraged and supported to take up
activities such as processing, value
addition and marketing of agro
products.
(ii) Group Farming by SHGs: SHGs
for supporting micro-enterprises
operated by women with the help of
micro credit have been highly
successful. With the growing
diminution in the size of operational
holdings, it will be useful to
promote SHGs and commodity-
based farmers’ organisations at the
production end of the farming
enterprise by encouraging groups
for consolidating farming activities.
This will be particularly helpful in
the case of “Green Agriculture”
involving integrated pest
management, integrated nutrient
supply, scientific water management
8 SPECIAL REGIONS
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22
National Policy for Farmers
10 ATTRACTING YOUTH
and improved post-harvest
technology. SHGs would also be
promoted for improving access to
credit.
(iii) Small Holders’ Estates: The
formation of small holders’ estates,
for example, in cotton, horticulture,
medicinal plants, poultry and
aquaculture will help promote group
cooperation among farmers living in
a village or watershed, or the
command areas of irrigation
projects. Improving productivity,
reducing the cost of production and
entering into marketing contracts
with textile mills, food processing
industries, pharmaceutical
companies, and fish marketing
agencies will be some of the
advantages. Such small holders’
estates can also manufacture
products under brand names and
enhance income security so that
group insurance becomes feasible.
Agri-clinics and agri-business
centres would be linked to such
estates.
(iv) Contract Farming: Symbiotic
contracts which confer benefits to
both producers and purchasers
would be encouraged for ensuring
assured and remunerative marketing
opportunities to the farmers.
Contract cultivation based on a
well-defined code of conduct will be
helpful to small producers in getting
good quality inputs, fair prices and
prompt payment for their produce.
A code of conduct for contract
farming or a model contract will be
developed to meet the commodity-
specific requirements. Farmers will
not be alienated from their land
under any circumstances under
contract farming. State governments
may set up a monitoring committee
involving farmers to encourage a
farmer-friendly contract farming
system.
(v) Farmers’ Companies: Private
limited companies, registered under
the Companies (Amendment) Act,
2002, are now coming into
existence in the area of seed
production, the production of bio-
fertilizers, bio-pesticides and other
forms of biological software
essential for sustainable agriculture.
Small farmers and the SHGs would
be associated in such companies as
stakeholders and not just as
shareholders.
(vi) State Farms: State farms inter alia,
would also be used for developing
Living Heritage Gene Banks of the
germ plasm of local crops and
breeds of cattle, sheep and poultry
in order to preserve the plant and
animal genetic wealth.
Educated youths would be helped and
supported for setting up agri-clinics and
production-cum-processing centres to
undertake outsourcing jobs both from
within and outside the country. In order
to attract youths to the agriculture sector,
a number of vocational training courses
in different aspects of agricultural and
allied activities including value addition
and processing of agro-products shall be
introduced and recognised. The KVKs,
institutions of state governments/ICAR
and competent private institutions may
also provide such recognised vocational
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23
National Policy for Farmers
11 OTHER POLICY MEASURES
training to the youth. Trained persons
would be supported through various
schemes to launch self-employment
ventures for value addition to improve
productivity and income of the farmers.
11.1 The following policy measures will also
ensure well-being and livelihood
security of the farmers:
(i) Existing state land use boards
would be revamped and linked to
district-level land-use committees
to be constituted by the state
government so that they can
provide quality and proactive
advice to farmers on land use.
These are expected to emerge as
virtual organisations with the
capacity to link land-use decisions
with ecological, meteorological
and marketing factors on a
location and season-specific basis.
(ii) Major thrust would be given to the
development of floriculture, roots
and tuber crops, aromatic and
medicinal plants, bee-keeping and
sericulture. Appropriate market
linkages would also be provided so
that such efforts would improve
employment and income
opportunities in rural areas.
(iii) Market Intervention Scheme
would continue and would be
strengthened. Suitable measures
would be taken for expeditious
processing and sanctions.
(iv) A well-defined food security policy
with homegrown foodgrains is
important for eradicating rural
poverty and malnutrition. In order
to strengthen and regularly monitor
food security issues, the government
would constitute a Cabinet
Committee on Food Security.
(v) Farm families would also be
protected from becoming victims
of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis
(TB). Anti-retroviral drugs would
be made available in villages free
of cost. The approach to the
treatment of farmers who are
victims of serious diseases like
HIV/AIDS and TB in villages
would take into account access of
the patient to food and nutrition to
assist recovery and restoration of
productive life.
(vi) There is a need for a rural non-
farm employment initiative for
farm households. The initiative
would bring all rural non-farm
employment programmes together
in order to generate convergence
and synergy among them. A
consortium approach involving the
different agencies concerned
would be adopted.
(vii) Along with production growth
rates, income growth rates would
also be measured and published.
Improving income and livelihood
of farmers would be incorporated
as a primary objective of all
schemes implemented in the
agriculture sector.
(viii) Article 243 G of the Constitution
(73rd
Amendment) Act, 1982,
entrusts panchayats with the
responsibility for agriculture
including agricultural extension. If
the problems faced by farmers are
disaggregated and dealt with by
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24
National Policy for Farmers
12 OPERATIONALISATION OF THE POLICY
the gram sabhas and panchayats,
location-specific problems can be
attended to speedily and
effectively. In order to implement
various schemes and programmes
at the grass roots level, the
Government of India would
support state governments for
devolution of functions and
functionaries for empowering the
panchayats. Steps would be taken
to strengthen and accord centrality
to panchayats in addressing the
problems of farmers.
(ix) Mass media (conventional,
electronic and the internet)
constitute an important pillar of
our democratic system of
governance. In order to assist the
mass media with timely and
scientifically accurate information
on issues relating to agriculture,
food security and farmers welfare,
regional media resource centres
would be set up, associating
farmers, media representatives and
scientists, including extension
personnel.
(x) There is a need for integrated
approach for rural energy where
renewable energy systems /
devices, biofuels would be
promoted apart from improving
the rural infrastructure, including
rural electrification, which is
essential for agricultural
development.
12.1 The National Policy for Farmers will be
adapted and operationalised to suit the
local needs in different states and union
territories. State governments would be
supported to convert national goals into
local action points by preparing
operational plans for implementing this
policy, taking into account the agro-
climatic and other local conditions. Such
operational plans will be prepared at the
district level by a multi-disciplinary
professional group and integrated at the
state level. States would be encouraged
to have an effective mechanism for
continuous feedback from the farmers to
ensure that measures taken under the
policy address the problems of the
farmers.
12.2 The Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation would constitute an Inter-
Ministerial Committee to suggest a plan
of action for operationalisation of this
policy. Appropriate mechanisms and
guidelines would be evolved by
concerned Ministries / Departments to
implement this policy.
12.3 The Agriculture Coordination
Committee under the chairmanship of
the Prime Minister would oversee and
coordinate the integrated implementation
of this policy.
***
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Hkkjr ljdkjHkkjr ljdkjHkkjr ljdkjHkkjr ljdkj MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
& CONSUMER AFFAIRS
FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
“kjn iokj“kjn iokj“kjn iokj“kjn iokj SHARAD PAWAR
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tutkrh; fdlku
pjokgs
vU; Jsf.k;ka
ckxku fdlku
}hilewg fdlku
‘kgjh fdlku
17
18
18
18
18
19
7777 [ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka 19
vkxsZfud [ksrh
gfjr Ñf”k
tSusfVdyh la’kksf/kr ¼th,e½ Qlysa
lajf{kr ¼xzhugkÅl½ [ksrh
19
19
19
20
8888 fo'ks”k {ks=fo'ks”k {ks=fo'ks”k {ks=fo'ks”k {ks= 20
dfBukbZ xzLr {ks=
ogn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=
20
20
9999 Hkkoh fdlku 20
10101010 ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk 22
11111111 vU; uhfrxr mik; vU; uhfrxr mik; vU; uhfrxr mik; vU; uhfrxr mik; 22
12121212 uhfr dh izpkyukRedrk uhfr dh izpkyukRedrk uhfr dh izpkyukRedrk uhfr dh izpkyukRedrk 23
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jk"Vªh; fdlku uhfr
1
1111 uhfr iqufuZ/kkZj.k dh vkouhfr iqufuZ/kkZj.k dh vkouhfr iqufuZ/kkZj.k dh vkouhfr iqufuZ/kkZj.k dh vko’;drk’;drk’;drk’;drk
1-1 Hkkjr ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd <kaps esa Ñf”k dh egÙkk dks bl rF; ls eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ns’k fd vf/kdka’k tula[;k dh vkthfodk Ñf”k ij fuHkZj gSA dqy ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼th Mh ih½ esa Ñf”k {ks= dk ;ksxnku dsoy 18 izfr’kr gS tcfd 60 izfr’kr ls vf/kd tula[;k bl ij fuHkZj gS ftlds QyLo:Ik Ñf”k {ks= esa izfr O;fDr vk; de gSA blls ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd Ñf”k {ks= vkSj xSj&Ñf”k {ks= esa izfr O;fDr vk; ds chp cM+h vlekurk gSA vr% mu elyksa dk lek/kku djuk vko’;d gS] tks fdlkuksa ds vk; Lrjksa ij izHkko Mkyrs gSaA vk; dk Lrj dqy mRiknu rFkk mfpr mRikndrk Lrj vkSj fdlkuksa }kjk izkIr ewY;ksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSaA y?kq vkSj lhekUr tksrksa dk vkf/kD; tks dqy tksrksa dk yxHkx 82 izfr’kr gS] viw.kZ cktkj n’kk,a rFkk Ik’p vkSj vxz lEidksZa dh deh tSlh ck/kk,a Hkh fdlkuksa ds vk; Lrjksa dks nq”izHkkfor djrh gSaA rnuqlkj] Ñf”k dk;Zdyki vf/kd O;ogk;Z cus vkSj fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa LFkk;h lq/kkj lqfuf’pr gks] blds fy;s ,d mi;qDr uhfr rS;kj fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA
1-2 foxr esa Ñf”k vuqla/kku] f’k{kk vkSj foLrkj dks
etcwr cukus ds lkFk gh cht] [kkn vkSj fctyh tSls t:jh vkxrksa dh lkef;d vkSj Ik;kZIr miyC/krk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, vusd dne mBk;s x;sA blds vfrfjDr] vusd cM+h vkSj y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,a Hkh dk;kZfUor dh xbZA 1960 ds n’kd ds izkjaHk esa mRikndrk c<+kus vkSj fdlkuksa dks ykHk igqapkus ds fy, Ñf”k fodkl ds fy, ,d ,dhÑr dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA gekjs oSKkfudksa us vf/kd iSnkokj okyh fdLeksa@Qlyksa dh ladj iztkfr;ka fodflr djus esa ;ksxnku fn;kA fdlkuksa dks muls voxr
djk;k x;k vkSj mUgksaus Hkh u, chtksa vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dks viuk;kA QyLo:Ik] NBs n’kd ds vafre o”kksZa esa xsgwa dh mRikndrk vkSj mRiknu esa dkQh izxfr gqbZA blds vykok ubZ j.kuhfr us vf/kd Qly l?kurk ij cy fn;kA rHkh ls] Ñf”k mRiknu esa fujarj o`f) cuh jgh vkSj [kk|kUu mRiknu esa o`f) nj tula[;k o`f) ds Lrj ls Åij jghA ftlds QyLp:Ik [kk|kUuksa esa vkRefuHkZjrk dh fLFkfr cuh vkSj bls ^gfjr Økafr ;qx* ds :Ik esa tkuk x;kA izkS|ksfxdh] lsokvksa] ljdkjh uhfr ds chp rkyesy vkSj fdlkuksa dh m|e’khyrk bl ;qx dh fo’ks”krk FkhA rFkkfi] fiNys n’kd ds nkSjku mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk yxHkx fLFkj cuh jgh vkSj fodkl dh nj Hkh /kheh gks xbZA bl fxjkoV dks jksdus ds fy, vkSj Ñf”k {ks= dks fQj ls vkxs dh vksj c<+kus ds fy, vf/kd iz;kl fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA
1-3 Ok”kZ 2000 ds nkSjku Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jk”Vªh;
Ñf”k uhfr vuqeksfnr dh xbZ Fkh ftldk y{; izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds izHkkoh mi;ksx vkSj vU; mik;ksa ds ek/;e ls ,d nh?kkZof/kd vk/kkj ij Ñf”k esa 4 izfr’kr vf/kd okf”kZd o`f) nj gkfly djuk FkkA rFkkfi] nloha ;kstuk ¼2002&03 ls 2006&07½ ds nkSjku izkIr okf”kZd o`f) nj vkSlru dsoy 2-3 izfr’kr ds vklikl gh jghA nwljh vksj xSj&Ñf”k {ks= vis{kkÑr vf/kd rsth ls c<+kA gky ds o”kksZa esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh mPp o`f) dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl o`f) dks vkSj vf/kd lekos’kh cukus ds fy, uhfr esa ,d izeq[k vfHkuork vko’;d gSA xSj&Ñf”k {ks= dh rhoz o`f) ds le{k Ñf”k {ks= dh izxfr esa vkbZ fxjkoV vkSj Ñf”k esa ?kVrh ykHkdkfjrk eq[; fpark dh ckr gSA ?kVrh gqbZ ykHkdkfjrk vkaf’kd :Ik ls Ñf”k ftalksa dks fo’o ewY;ksa ds mrkj&p<+ko vkSj
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jk"Vªh; fdlku uhfr
2
2222 vfHkuo igyvfHkuo igyvfHkuo igyvfHkuo igy
miHkksDrkvksa ds fgr laj{k.k ds fy, ?kjsyw ewY;ksa dks de j[kus ds iz;klksa ds dkj.k gS ftlds QyLo:Ik Ñf”k {ks= dh O;kikj ‘krksZa esa fxjkoV vkbZA ;g Bgjko Qly dh ?kVrh gqbZ mRikndrk ds lkFk tqM+k gqvk Fkk QyLo:Ik fdlkuksa dh vk; dk Lrj de jgkA
1-4 lkekU;r;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkSj fo’ks”k dj Ñf”k
ifjokjksa esa jkstxkj voljksa dh deh Hkh ,d vU; izeq[k leL;k gSA flapkbZ] iu/kkjk fodkl] catj Hkwfe fodkl] Hkwfe lq/kkj bR;kfn esa fuos’k c<+k dj Ñf”k {ks= esa jkstxkj voljksa dks c<+kus ds fy, lHkh iz;kl fd, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA rFkkfi xzkeh.k xSj&Ñf”k {ks= esa Rofjr fodkl rFkk dLcksa@cktkj dsUnzks a ds vkl&ikl cfLr;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, Hkh vis{kkÑr vf/kd /;ku fn;k tkuk gSA ,d mnh;eku Ñf”k lsDVj] csgrj vk/kkjHkwr <kapk] xzkeh.k laidZrk] vkSj dq’ky
fodkl] Ik;kZIr fo|qr] _.k dh vklku miyC/krk] xzkeh.k xSj&Ñf”k {ks= ds fodkl] vkSj vf/kd jkstxkj voljksa ds l`tu esa lgk;rk dj ldrk gS vkSj ,slk djus ls fdlku ifjokjksa dh vk; c<+sxhA
1-5 mi;qZDr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] mRiknu ds
lkFk&lkFk fdlkuksa ds vkfFkZd dY;k.k ij vf/kd ?;ku fn, tkus dh vko’;drk gSA mRiknu vkSj o`f) ds vykok Ñf”k uhfr dk ,d izeq[k fu/kkZjd lkekftd&vkfFkZd vk;ke Hkh gksuk pkfg,A vr% bl uhfr dk mn~ns’;] mu izo`fÙk;ksa vkSj dk;ksZ a dks izsfjr djuk gS ftlds QyLo:Ik Ñf”k izxfr dk vkdyu djus esa fdlku ifjokjksa dh vk; esa lq/kkj gks] u dsoy mudh miHkksx vko’;drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, cfYd mudh Ñf”k ls lac) dk;Zdykiksa esa fuos’k ds fy, {kerk dks c<+kus ds fy;sA
2-1 ljdkj us Ñf”k mRiknu esa fxjrh gqbZ izofÙk dks jksdus vkSj fdlkuksa dh l{ke vkthfodk vkSj vk; Lrj ds LFkk;h lek/kku [kkstus ds fy, gky ds o”kksZa esa igys gh vusd egRoiw.kZ igy dh gSA dqNsd egRoiw.kZ ubZ igy gSa% ¼1½ Hkkjr fuekZ.k] ¼2½ jk”Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjUVh dk;ZØe] ¼3½jk”Vªh; ckxokuh fe’ku] ¼4½ fdlkuksa ds fy, laLFkkxr _.k dk foLrkj] ¼5½ jk”Vªh; e/kqeD[kh cksMZ dh LFkkiuk] ¼6½ jk”Vªh; o”kkZ flafpr {ks= izkf/kdj.k dh LFkkiuk] ¼7½ jk”Vªh; ekfRL;dh fodkl cksMZ dh LFkkiuk] ¼8½ iu/kkjk fodkl vkSj y?kq flapkbZ dk;ZØe] ¼9½ Ñf”k foi.ku esa lq/kkj vkSj foi.ku <kaps dk fodkl] ¼10½ lgdkfjrk {ks= dk iqu:)kj]
¼11½y?kq fdlku Ñf”k&O;olk; la?k }kjk m|e iwath Hkkxhnkjh ds tfj, Ñf”k&O;olk; fodkl] ¼12½ Ñf”k foLrkj lsokvksa ds fy, lq/kkj vkSj leFkZu] ¼13½ jk”Vªh; xzkeh.k LokLF; fe’ku] ¼14½ jk”Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk fe’ku] ¼15½ Ñf”k {ks= esa jkT;ksa dks vkSj vf/kd fuos’k ds fy, izsfjr djus ds fy;s jk”Vªh; Ñf”k fodkl ;kstuk] ¼16½ ,dhÑr [kk| dkuwu] ¼17½ Hk.Mkj.k fodkl vkSj fu;eu ds fy, fo/kk;h :Ikjs[kk] ¼18½ ikS/k fdLeksa vkSj fdlku vf/kdkj laj{k.k ¼ih ih oh ,Q vkj½ vf/kfu;e] 2001] ¼19½ jk”Vªh; ckal fe’ku vkSj ¼20½ xzkeh.k lkekU; lsok dsUnzks a ¼lh ,l lh½ ds ek/;e ls Kku la;kstdrk rFkk lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh laca/kh igyA
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jk"Vªh; fdlku uhfr
3
3333 uhfr ds izeq[k y{;uhfr ds izeq[k y{;uhfr ds izeq[k y{;uhfr ds izeq[k y{;
3-1 jk”Vªh; fdlku uhfr ds izeq[k y{; fuEukafdr gSa%
1- fdlku dh fuoy vk; esa O;kid of) ds fy, [ksrh dh vkfFkZd O;ogkfjrk esa lq/kkj djuk vkSj ;g lqfuf’pr djuk fd Ñf”k izxfr ml vk; dks lq/kkjus esa gqbZ izxfr }kjk ekih tk,A
2- Hkwfe] ty] tSo fofo/krk] rFkk vuqokaf’kd lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k o lq/kkj esa fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf’pr djuk tks fd mRikndrk vkSj ykHkdkfjrk esa lrr of) ,oa izeq[k Ñf”k iz.kkfy;ksa dks LFkkf;Ro ds fy, vko’;d gSA
3- fdlkuksa ds fy, cht] flapkbZ] fo|qr] e’khujh] vkSj midj.kksa] moZjdksa rFkk _.k Ik;kZIr ek=k esa mfpr ewY; ij miyC/k djkus ds fy;s leFkZu lsokvksa dk fodkl djukA
4- jk”Vª ds fdlku ifjokjksa dh vkthfodk vkSj vk;] lqj{kk rFkk jk”Vª ds fgr vkSj O;kikj lqj{kk ds fy,] Qlyksa] Ñf”k esa dke vkus okys i'kqvksa] eNyh rFkk ou o{kksa dh tSo lqj{kk dks lq|<+ cukukA
5- fdlkuksa dh vk; c<+kus ds fy;s mfpr ewY; vkSj O;kikj uhfr ra= iznku djukA
6- fdlkuksa ds fy, mi;qDr vkSj le;c) {kfr iwfrZ ds fy, mi;qDr tksf[ke izcU/ku ds mik; iznku djukA
7- Hkwfe lq/kkjksa ds v/kwjs ,tsaMk dks iwjk djuk rFkk ifjlEifÙk vkSj ty&Ñf”k esa O;kid lq/kkj vkjEHk djukA
8- Ñf”k laca/kh lHkh uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa esa ekuoh; vkSj ySafxd vk;keksa dks eq[; /kkjk ds lkFk tksM+ukA
9- xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkthfodk ds lk/kuksa dks LFkkf;Ro ,oa fujarjrk nsus ds fy, Li”V :Ik ls /;ku nsukA
10- xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa leqnk;&dsfUnzr Hkkstu] ikuh vkSj ÅtkZ ds fy;s lqj{kk iz.kkfy;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djuk rFkk izR;sd cPps] efgyk vkSj iq:”k ds fy, iks”k.k lqj{kk lqfuf’pr djukA
11- ,sls mik; vkjEHk djuk ftuls [ksrh dks ckSf)d :Ik ls izsjd vkSj vkfFkZd :Ik ls ykHkizn cukdj mPprj ewY; o/kZu ds fy, Ñf”k mRiknksa dk izlaLdj.k djuk ftlls ;qokvksa dks [ksrh dh vksj vkdf”kZr djus vkSj mlesa cuk, j[kus esa enn fey ldsA
12- lrr Ñf”k ds fy, t:jh vknkuksa ds mRiknu vkSj vkiwfrZ rFkk tSo&izkS|ksfxdh rFkk lwpuk rFkk lapkj izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ¼vkbZ-lh-Vh-½ ds ek/;e ls fodflr mRiknksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa esa Hkkjr dks fo’o vkmV lksflZax ¼Bsds ij dke ds fy;s½ dk dsUnz cukukA
13- Ñf”k vkSj xg foKku ds izR;sd Lukrd dks ,d m|eh cukus o Ñf”k f’k{kk dks fyax laosnh cukus ds fy, f’k{kk ‘kkL=h; fof/k;ksa vkSj Ñf”k ikB~;&Øe dh iqulZjapuk djukA
14- fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d lkekftd lqj{kk iz.kkyh fodflr djds ykxw djukA
15- fdlku ifjokjksa ds fy, xSj&Ñf”k {ks= esa jkstxkj ds fy, leqfpr mik; djds mi;qDr volj iznku djukA
3333----2222 fdlku dh ifjHkk”kkfdlku dh ifjHkk”kkfdlku dh ifjHkk”kkfdlku dh ifjHkk”kk
bl uhfr ds iz;kstu ds fy, ^^fdlku* ‘kCn ds vUrxZr os lHkh O;fDr vkrs gSa tks Qly mxkus rFkk vU; izkFkfed Ñf”k mRikn iSnk djus ds fy, vkfFkZd@vFkok thou;kiu laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa esa lfØ;rk ls layXu gSa] vkSj blesa lHkh Ñf”k izpkyu tksr/kkjh Ñ”kd] Ñf”k Jfed] dVkbZnkj] dk’rdkj] eqxhZikyd rFkk Ik’kqikyd] eNqvkjs] e/kqeD[khikyd]
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jk"Vªh; fdlku uhfr
4
4 4 4 4 fdlkuksa ds l’kfDrdj.k ds fy, ifjlEifÙk lq/kkjfdlkuksa ds l’kfDrdj.k ds fy, ifjlEifÙk lq/kkjfdlkuksa ds l’kfDrdj.k ds fy, ifjlEifÙk lq/kkjfdlkuksa ds l’kfDrdj.k ds fy, ifjlEifÙk lq/kkj
ekyh] pjokgs] xSj lkewfgd ikS/k jksi.k djus okys rFkk ikS/ks jksi.k djus okys Jfed rFkk fofHkUu Ñf”k&lacaf/kr O;olk;ksa tSls js’keikyu] Ñfeikyu vkSj Ñf”k&okfudh ls tqM+s O;fDr ‘kkfey gksaxsA bl
‘kCn ds varxZr tutkrh; ifjokj@>we [ksrh ls tqM+s O;fDr vkSj xkS.k rFkk xSj&bekjrh ou&mRikn ds laxzg.k o mi;ksx rFkk fcØh esa layXu O;fDr Hkh ‘kkfey gksaxsA
4-1 ifjlEifÙk lq/kkj dk iz;kstu ;g lqfuf’pr djuk gS fd xkaoksa esa gj fdlku ds ikl mRiknd ifjlEifr tSls fd Hkwfe] Ik’kq/ku] eRL; rkykc] ?kjsyw QkeZ gks ;k mldh igqap esa gksa vFkok fdlh m|e vFkok cktkj izsfjr n{krk ds tfj, vk; ftlls fd mldh ikfjokfjd vk; ,d nh?kZdkfyd vk/kkj ij Ik;kZIr :Ik ls c<+sA blls mudh iks”kkgkj vkSj thfodk] f’k{kk vkSj LokLF; laca/kh t:jr lqfuf’pr gksxhA
4444----2222 Hkwfe Hkwfe Hkwfe Hkwfe 4-2-1 Hkwfe ds vleku LokfeRo ij fopkj djrs gq,] ;g
vko’;d gS fd Hkwfe lq/kkj ls lacaf/kr dkuwuksa dks l{ke :i ls ykxw fd;k tk, ftlesa dk’rdkjh dkuwuksa] Hkwfe dks iV~Vs ij nsus] vf/kdre lhek ls vf/k’ks”k Hkwfe vkSj ijrh Hkwfe dk forj.k] lk>k lEifr vkSj ijrh Hkwfe lalk/kuksa dh Ik;kZIr lqyHkrk dh O;oLFkk djus ij /;ku nsus vkSj tksrksa dh pdcanh dh vksj fo’ks”k /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A fgUnq mÙkjkf/kdkj ¼la’kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e ¼2005½ ds varxZr efgykvksa dks Hkw&vf/kdkj iznku fd, tkus ds ckn efgyk Ñ”kdksa ds fy, mi;qDr lgk;d lsok,a iznku djuk ,d vko’;d dk;Z gks x;k gSA edkuksa vkSj [ksrh dh Hkwfe nksuksa ds laca/k esa la;qDr iV~Vk vfuok;Z gks ftlls _.k vkSj vU; lsok,a izkIr djus gsrq efgykvksa dh igqap cu ldsA
4-2-2 Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k vf/kfu;e dh] fo’ks”k :Ik ls gtkZus
dh x.kuk djus ds fy,] leh{kk dh tk;sxhA mÙke
Ñf”k Hkwfe dks Ñf”k ds fy, vo’; lajf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg, flok; fo’ks”k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds] c’krsZa os ,tsfUl;ka] ftUgsa xSj&Ñf”k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, Ñf”k Hkwfe iznku dh tkrh gS] vU;= led{k@ fuEuhÑr catj Hkwfe ds mipkj vkSj iw.kZ fodkl djrs gq, {kfriwfrZ djsaA blds vfrfjDr] dsUnz@jkT; ljdkjksa dh ekStwnk iquokZl uhfr ds rgr opuc)rk iwjh bZekunkjh ls iwjh djuh gksxhA xSj&Ñf”k iz;kstuksa ds fy,] ;Fkk laHko Ñf”k ds fy, fuEu tSfod {kerk okyh dksbZ Hkwfe vkokafVr dh tk,xhA jkT; ljdkjksa dks vÑ”; Hkwfe] {kkjh;rk] vEyh;rk bR;kfn ls izHkkfor Hkwfe tSlh fuEu tSfod {kerk okyh Hkwfe dks gh vkS|ksfxd vkSj fuekZ.k dk;Z&dykiksa lfgr xSj&Ñf”k fodkl dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, fpfUgr djus dh lykg nh tk,xhA
4444----3333 tytytyty 4-3-1 flapkbZ ds fy, lgh le; ij vkSj Ik;kZIr ek=k esa
ty dh vuqiyC/krk orZeku esa ns’k ds vusd Hkkxksa esa [ksrh esa mPprj mRikndrk vkSj fLFkjrk nksuksa izkIr djus esa ,d xaHkhj leL;k curh tk jgh gSA vr% vk’oLr flapkbZ le; dh t:jr gSA ;|fi] gekjs ns’k esa dqy o”kkZ larks”ktud gksrh gS] ijUrq bldk forj.k vR;ar vleku gSA vr% o”kkZty lap;u rFkk ty dk dq’kyrkiwoZd mi;ksx egRoiw.kZ gSA vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd flafpr ifj;kstukvksa esa ty dk dk;Zdq’kyrk mi;ksx ds orZeku Lrj esa 10 izfr’kr o`f) ls cM+s {ks=ksa esa
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Qlyksa ds fy;s thou j{kd flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk djus esa enn fey ldrh gSA ty mi;ksx dh n{krk] cht] fdLe] iks”kdksa ¼esØks vkSj ekbØks½ vkSj [ksrh ds vkStkjksa ds chp rkyesy djds Hkh c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA ty dh izfr bdkbZ vk; vkSj iSnkokj dks vf/kdre c<+kus dh fopkj/kkjk dks Hkh lHkh Qly mRiknu dk;ZØeksa esa ‘kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ty iz;ksDrk laLFkkuksa dks miyC/k ty ls vf/kdre ykHk ysus esa fo’ks”kKrk izkIr djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA
4-3-2 ;g Hkh /;ku esa j[kuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd vf/kdka’k
fdlku viuh Qlyksa dh flapkbZ ds fy, Hkw&ty ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA ;g lalk/ku] ftlesa fdlkuksa us vius ifjJe ls vftZr cprksa dk fuos’k fd;k gS] vkt fnu&izfrfnu ?kVrk tk jgk gS vkSj Hkw&ty Lrj rsth ls fxjrk tk jgk gSA blfy,] ty vkiwfrZ dh fLFkjrk vkSj fpjdkfydrk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, o”kkZ ty lap;u vkSj tyk’k;ksa ds iquHkZj.k dks izFkfedrk nh tk,xhA ty xq.koÙkk ij Hkh ?;ku fn;k tkuk vko’;d gS D;ksafd L=ksr ij vfr mi;ksx vkSj moZjdksa] dhVuk’kd vif’k”Vksa vkSj fo”kkDr jlk;uksa ds va/kk/kaq/k mi;ksx ds dkj.k vDlj iznwf”kr gksrk tk jgk gSA
4-3-3 Ik;kZIrrk vkSj xq.koÙkk leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds
vykok] ty forj.k esa lkE;rk lqfuf’pr dh tk,xhA ty ,d lkoZtfud lalk/ku gS u fd futh lEifrA vr% ty rd igqap ds fy, U;k;ksfpr vkSj lekurk ra= fodflr djus rFkk ty lalk/kuksa ds izca/ku esa LFkkuh; yksxksa dks ‘kkfey djus dks izkFkfedrk nsuh gksxhA efgykvksa dks] ty iz;ksDrk ds :Ik esa] igqap vkSj izca/ku nksuksa esa ,d Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA
4-3-4 Tky miyC/krk esa of) vkSj bldk leqfpr mi;ksx
djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; fd, tk,axs(
1- vkiwfrZ dh fLFkjrk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, o”kkZ ty lap;u vkSj tyk’k; iqu%Hkj.k dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA Hkwty fodkl vkSj izca/ku dks fofu;fer vkSj fu;af=r djus ds fy, ,d lkFk vko’;d fo/kk;h mik; fd, tk,axsA
2- lHkh ekStwnk dqvksa rkykcksa dk th.kksZa}kj fd;k tk;sxkA
3- lq/kjh flapkbZ izFkkvksa ds tfj,] ftuesa fNM+dko o fMªIk flapkbZ ‘kkfey gSa] rFkk ikuh iapk;rksa vFkok ikuh iz;ksDrk laxBu ds tfj, ekax izca/ku ij izkFkfedrk vk/kkj ij /;ku fn;k tk;sxkA
4- ,d ty lk{kjrk vfHk;ku ‘kq: fd;k tk;sxk rFkk Hkw&ty ds lrr mi;ksxkFkkhZ vko’;d fu;e cuk;s tk;saxsA
5- lrgh ty Hkw ty lalk/kuksa dk ,dhÑr vkSj lefUor fodkl rFkk muds la;qDr mi;ksx dks ifj;kstuk fu;kstu ds izkjaHk ls gh fd;k tk,sxk vkSj bls ifj;kstuk dk;kZUo;u dk ,d vfHkUu vax cuk;k tk;sxkA
6- ty nqyZHk {ks=ksa esa] mPp ewY; rFkk U;wu ty pkgus okyh Qlyksa tSls fd nkysa vkSj frygu dh [ksrh ds fy, mi;ksxh Ik)fr ij cy fn;k tk;sxkA
4-3-5 jk”Vªh; o”kkZiksf”kr {ks= izkf/kdj.k] jk”Vªh; ckxokuh
fe’ku] frygu vkSj nygu laca/kh izkS|ksfxdh fe’kuksa vkSj jk”Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjUVh dk;ZØe tSls& dsUnz@jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk dh xbZ igy ds ek/;e ls dk;ZØe ds chp ijLij rkyesy LFkkiuk dh tk;sxh rkfd ty mi;ksx {kerk vkSj ty laj{k.k mik;ksa dk lao/kZu fd;k tk ldsA
4-3-6 lw[kk laHkkfor izekf.kr {ks=ksa esa ,d lw[kk dksM ykxw
fd;k tk;sxk ftlesa izfrdwy ekulwu ds izHkko dks U;wure djus ds fy, vkSj vPNs ekSle dk vf/kdre ykHk mBkus ds fy, dh tkus okyh
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dkjZokbZ dk mYys[k gksxkA blh izdkj Hkkjh ckfj’k dh vf/kdrk okys {ks=ksa esa ,d ck<+ dksM ykxw fd;k tk;sxk ftlls ck<+ksa ds rRdky ckn fdlkuksa dh vko’;drkvksa dk /;ku j[krs gq, ck<+&eqDr ekSle dks ,d izeq[k Ñf”k mRiknu vof/k esa cnyus esa enn feysxhA ‘kq”d {ks=ksa esa ikfjfLFkfrdh; <kaps ds lqn<hdj.k ds lkFk dHkh&dHkh gksus okyh Hkkjh ckfj’k dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, ,d mÙke ekSle dksM ykxw fd;k tk;sxk tks lrr Ik’kq/ku mRiknu] is; ty lqj{kk vkSj ckyw jsr ds Vhyksa dks fLFkj cukus ds fy, t:jh gSA jk”Vªh; o”kkZiksf”kr {ks= izkf/kdj.k bl laca/k esa rduhdh rFkk vU; leFkZu iznku djsxkA
4444----4444 Ik’kq/kuIk’kq/kuIk’kq/kuIk’kq/ku 4-4-1 Ik’kq/ku] ftlesa dqDdqV ikyu ‘kkfey gS] vkthfodk
dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gSA ;g Ñf”k ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA bu dk;Zdykiksa esa efgyk,a vf/kd la[;k esa yxh gqbZ gSaA Ik’kq/ku dk LokfeRo dgha vf/kd lekurkoknh gS D;ksafd xjhc fdlku ds ifjokjksa ds ikl vf/kdka’kr% xksi’kq] HkSal] HksM+ vkSj cdfj;ka gksrh gSaA fdlku ifjokjksa dks is’k vkus okyh cM+h ck/kk,a iztuu] pkjs] LokLF; ns[k&js[k vkSj muds mRikn ds fy, dherksa dh gSA mi;qDr j.kuhfr ds tfj, bu ekeyksa dk lek/kku fd, tkus dh t:jr gSA Ik’kq/ku dh mPp mRikndrk vkSj lexz dk;Zdq’kyrk ds tfj, Ik’kqvksa ds ekfydksa dh vk; c<+kus esa Ik’kq fpfdRldksa vkSj Ñf”k foKku Lukrdksa }kjk lapkfyr Ñf”k fDyfudksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA blds lkFk gh] Qly&Ik’kq/ku dh ,dhÑr [ksrh iz.kkfy;ksa vkSj vkxsZfud [ksrh vkSj ck;ks&moZjdksa ds mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA Ik’kqvksa ds ches dh Hkh iqulZjapuk fd, tkus dh t:jr gS vkSj bls lHkh Ik’kq Lokfe;ksa ds fy, lqyHk cuk;k tk;sxkA
4-4-2 dqDdqV ikyu ds ekeys esa fuEufyf[kr mik; djus dh t:jr gS% 1- izos’k ds lHkh cUnjxkgksa ij vk;kfrr if{k;ksa
gsrq laxjks/k ¼DokjsaVkbu½ vkSj ijh{k.k vkSj Vhdkdj.k lqfo/kk,a LFkkfir vkSj lqn<+ dh tk,xh D;ksafd ,sls lqj{kk mik; dqDdqV m|ksx dks lgh fLFkfr esa cuk, j[kus ds fy, rFkk thou vkSj vkthfodk ds laj{k.k ds fy, furkUr t:jh gSA
2- cktkj esa csps tkus dh vuqefr fn, tkus ls iwoZ] vk;kfrr dqDdqV ikyu Vhdksa dh lqj{kk vkSj izHkkoksRiknkdrk ds ijh{k.k dks vfuok;Z cuk;k tk;sxk tSlk fd ekuo ds Vhdksa ds ekeys esa fd;k tkrk gSA
3- dqDdqV ikyu dh igpku ,d Ñf”k dk;Zdyki ds :Ik esa dh tk,xh vkSj lkewfgd vFkok y?kq dqDdqV ikyu ifjlaifÙk/kkjdksa dks c<+kok fn, tkus ds fy, cSd;kMZ ds dqDdqV fdlkuksa dks ;Fkksfpr lgk;rk miyC/k djk;h tk,sxhA
4444----5555 ekfRL;dhekfRL;dhekfRL;dhekfRL;dh 4-5-1 rVh; ,oa varns’khZ; ekfRL;dh nksuksa ls gh yk[kksa
ifjokjksa dks jkstxkj vkSj vkthfodk feyrh gSA oSKkfud :Ik ls eRL; ikyu] ,d=.k vkSj izlaLdj.k dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, Ik;kZoj.kh; :Ik ls lrr vk/kkj ij eNqvkjk ifjokjksa dh vk; esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, Ik;kZIr volj gSA lkoZtfud uhfr ds {ks= esa lqfu;ksftr ty Ñf”k lq/kkj djus dh vko’;drk gS ftlls fd Hkwfeghu Jfed fdlkuksa dks ty&Ñf”k ds fy, lkoZtfud {ks= esa xzkeh.k rkykc vkSj vU; tyk’k; lqyHk djk, tk ldsaA
4-5-2 jk”Vªh; ekfRL;dh fodkl cksMZ ¼,u,QMhch½ dks
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ftlls fd ekfRL;dh vkSj ty&Ñf”k ls lacaf/kr izeq[k
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dk;Zdykiksa ij iwjk&iwjk /;ku fn;k tk lds vkSj O;kolkf;d izca/ku fd;k tk ldsA ,u,QMhch ds fy, fn’kkfunsZ’k fl)kar ikfjfLFkfrdh] vFkZ’kkL=] iq:”k efgyk lkE;rk] jkstxkj ltu vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks ;g ijke’kZ fn, tkus ds fy, gksus pkfg, fd os lkoZtfud tyk’k;ksa vkSj rkykcksa ds ;qfälaxr vkSj leku vkcaVu dks vklku cuk, ftlls fd vk/kqfud ty&Ñf”k dh tk ldsA
4-5-3 vk/kqfud ty&Ñf”k izFkkvksa dks c<+kok nsus vkSj
ewY;&o)Zu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk, tk,axsA 1- eNqvkjksa ds ifjokjksa vkSj eNqvkjksa efgykvksa
dks eNyh idM+@dYpj@miHkksx Ja[kyk ds lHkh igyqvksa esa izf’k{k.k nsus] LokLF;dj laHkky vkSj vU; igyqvksa ds fy, xq.koÙkkizn tkudkjh nsus gsrq ^^lHkh ds fy, eNyh** izf’k{k.k vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k dsUnzksa dk cukukA
2- eRL; vorj.k dsUnzksa dh dk;Zdq’kyrk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, NksVs vkdkj ds Mªstj dk izko/kkuA
3- fodsUnzhÑr eNyh idM+ vkSj ikyu ekfRL;dh {ks= dh lgk;rkFkZ dsUnzhÑr lsok,aA
4- vUrnsZ’kh; ekfRL;dh] ftlesa ltkoVh eNyh vkSj ok;q&’olu ehu Hkh ‘kkfey gSa ds fy;s rkykcksa vkSj tyk’k;ksa esa vko’;d LFkku miyC/k djkukA
5- izkÑfrd izoky fHkfÙk ¼dksjy jhQ½ dh gkfu ds fy, {kfriwfrZ gsrq Ñf=e çoky fHkfÙk miyC/k djkukA
6- rVorhZ leqnk;ksa dks ck;ksdop dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, Hkh leFkZ cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] tSlk fd eSuxzksOt] dstqjhuk] ,yhdksfuZvk ,VªhIysDl o vU; gksyksQkbfVd ikS/ksA blls pØokrh rwQkuksa vkSj lqukeh tSls leqnz ty Hkjko dh fLFkfr esa] rVorhZ eNqvkjksa o QkeZ ifjokjksa dk thou vkSj vkthfodk,a lqjf{kr j[kus esa enn feysxhA
4-5-4 fo’ks”kdj ekfRL;dh lfgr fofHkUu vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, ,DlDywlho vkfFkZd {ks= ¼bZ bZ tsM½ ds izca/ku vkSj vkfFkZd bLrseky ds laca/k esa ,d xfr’khy uhfr rS;kj dh tk,xh vkSj jk”Vªh; ekfRL;dh fodkl cksMZ ¼,u,QMhoh½ dh lgk;rk ls bls dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA
4444----6666 tSo lalk/kutSo lalk/kutSo lalk/kutSo lalk/ku 4-6-1 tSo lalk/kuksa dk laca/k ouLifr vkSj tho tUrqvksa
dh izpqj lEink ls gS] ftlesa enk] y?kq ouLifr vkSj NksVs tho&tUrq lfEefyr gSa] tks Hkwfe vkSj ty ds ckn fdlkuksa ds fy, miyC/k rhljk egRoiw.kZ çkÑfrd lalk/ku gSaA bu lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k djus o buesa of) djus ds iz;kl fd, tk;saxs vkSj ykHk ds ,d leku caVokjs ds lkFk muds lrr mi;ksx dks lqfuf’pr fd;k tk,xkA mi;qZDr dqNsd mn~ns’;ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, nks izeq[k fo/kku& ikS/kk fdLe laj{k.k vkSj Ñ”kd vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e ¼ihihoh,Qvkj½] 2001 vkSj tSo fofo/krk vf/kfu;e] 2002 fo|eku gSaA bu vf/kfu;ekksa ds dk;kZfUo;u dks lqn<+ fd;k tk,xk vkSj foLrr fn’kkfunsZ’k bl izdkj ls fodflr fd, tk,axs ftlls fd Ñ”kd vkSj Ñ”kd leqnk; ds vf/kdkjksa dks ekU;rk nh tk ldsA jk”Vªh; thu ,oa tSofofo/krk dks”k dk iz;ksx fdlkuksa ds ;ksxnku dks ekU;rk nsus vkSj ikfjrksf”kd nsus rFkk ,sls leqnk;ksa ds vius gh [ksrksa ij ¼vkuQkeZ½ laj{k.k ijaijkvksa ds iqu:)kj dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA ljdkj }kjk fdlkuksa ds fy, ikni thukse m)kjd leqnk; ekU;rk iqjLdkj LFkkfir djds ,d ‘kq:vkr igys gh dj nh xbZ gSA
4-6-2 tSo&lalk/kuksa ds laj{k.k vkSj fodkl ds fy,
fuEufyf[kr dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk% 1- tSo&fofo/krk jftLVjksa ds ek/;e ls
ikjEifjd tkudkjh ¼VªsfM’kuyu ukWyst½ dk
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izys[ku fd;k tk,xk ftlesa efgykvksa dh lgHkkfxrk yh tk,xh tks bldk dkQh Kku j[krh gSaA
2- Lo&LFkkus QkeZ laj{k.k ijEijkvksa dks iqu% lfØ; djus ds fy, turkth; vkSj xzkeh.k yksxksa dh enn djukA
3- Hkw&iztkfr;ksa dh mRikndrk lq/kkjus ds fy, oSKkfud vkSj LFkkuh; laj{kdksa dks ‘kkfey djrs gq, lgHkkxh iztuu izfd;kvksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkukA
4- lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa esa dk;Zjr tsusfVd bathfu;j lgHkkxh iztuu dk;ZØeksa esa fdlkuksa ds lkFk iztuu iwoZ Hkwfedk fuHkkus laca/kh dk;Z djus vFkkZr~ egRoiw.kZ tSfod rFkk vkfFkZd uLyksa ds fy, u, vkuqokaf’kd feJ.kksa dk fodkl tks tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa ds izfrjks/kh gksa rkfd vkuqokaf’kd dq’kyrk vkSj vuqokaf’kd fofo/krk dk ,d izHkkoh rjhds ls lesdu fd;k tk ldsA
5- tsusfVd le:irk ls dhVksa vkSj jksxksa ds izfr tsusfVd Hks|rk esa of) gksrh gSA vr% iztuu iwoZ vkSj lgHkkxh iztuu dk ,dhdj.k fd;k tk,xk rkfd NksVs fdlkuksa dks dhV vkSj jksx egkekjh ds tksf[keksa ls cpko esa enn feysA
6- Ñf”k tSo&fofo/krk okys le) {ks=ksa tSls fd iwokZsÙkj {ks=] if’peh vkSj iwohZ ?kkV rFkk ‘kq”d vkSj v)Z ‘kq”d {ks=ksa esa tsusfVd vkSj fof/kd tkudkjh nsus dk dk;ZØe ‘kq: djukA
7- tsusfVd lalk/ku laj{k.k ds egRo dks le>kus ds fy, xzkeh.k Ldwyksa vkSj dkystksa esa thukse Dyc LFkkfir djus dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk,xkA
8- tutkrh; vkSj xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks ihihoh,Qvkj vkSj tSo fofo/krk vf/kfu;eksa ds izko/kkuksa dks] mudh gdnkjh ds laca/k esa le>us esa enn djus gsrq fof/kd Kku vkSj tkudkjh iznku djukA
9- thu{kfr jksdus dh fof/k;ksa esa Ñ”kd vkSj tutkrh; ifjokjksa dk izf’k{k.kA
10- rVorhZ tSo&fofo/krk ftlesa izoky fHkfÙk vkSj leqnzh ?kkl ry ‘kkfey gSa] dk laj{k.k vkSj laj{k.k dh ikjEifjd fof/k;ksa dks leFkZuA
11- vkS”k/kh; ikS/kksa ds laj{k.k vkSj lrr mi;ksxkkFkZ if’peh ?kkVksa] foa?;k vkSj fgeky;h {ks= esa gcZy ck;ksoSyht dks dk;e j[kukA ,slh ck;ksoSyht esa fdlkuksa dh m|e iwath o vU; lg;ksx ds tfj, enn dh tk,xh rkfd os LokLF; lqj{kk ds fy, ewY;oku vkS”k/kh; ikS/kksa dk laj{k.k] p;u vkSj cgqxq.ku dj ldsaA
12- [ksr@fdlku Lrj ij ikni tsusfVd lalk/kuksa ds ckg~;&LFkku vkSj Lo&LFkkus laj{k.k ds fy, ,d jk”VªO;kih dk;ZØe ‘kq: fd;k tk,xkA ftu {ks=ksa esa {kerkoku ikjEifjd iztkfr;k¡ lekfIr ds dxkj ij gSa] ogk¡ fdlku Lrj ij thu@cht cSad LFkkfir fd, tk;saxsA dqN jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk pyk, tk jgs ^^cht vknku&iznku dk;ZØe** esa ;g lqfuf’pr djus dh t:jr gS fd ikjEifjd pkoy thu iwy u”V u gks tk,A
13- jk”Vªh; ikdksZa] ck;ksLQs;j vkjf{kr {ks=ksa vkSj thu lSUDpqvjh ds lgHkkxh izca/ku dks izksRlkfgr djukA
4444----7777 Ik’kq tsusfVd lalk/kuIk’kq tsusfVd lalk/kuIk’kq tsusfVd lalk/kuIk’kq tsusfVd lalk/ku 4-7-1 iqjLdkjksa vkSj izksRlkguksa dh ,d Ik)fr fodflr dh
tk,xh rkfd yksxksa dks tSo&fofo/krk vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr viuh iztkfr;ksa dks lajf{kr j[kus ds fy, leFkZ vkSj izsfjr fd;k tk,A ,sls iz;kstuksa ds fy, tSo&fofo/krk fuf/k dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA Ik’kq/ku ikydksa dks vius iztuu Hk.Mkj vkSj iztuu izFkkvksa ds mi;ksx vkSj fodkl dks tkjh j[kus ds vf/kdkjksa dks Lohdkj vkSj mUgsa izksRlkfgr fd;k
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5 5 5 5 lgk;d lsok,algk;d lsok,algk;d lsok,algk;d lsok,a
tk;sxkA ljdkj bu vf/kdkjksa dks ekU;rk iznku djsxh] jk”Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa Ik’kq/ku ikydksa ds va’knku dks Lohdkj djsxh vkSj rnuqlkj viuh uhfr;ksa o fof/kd :Ikjs[kkvksa dks vuqdwy cuk,xh ftlls fd mudk laj{k.k gks lds vkSj i’kq lalk/kuksa ij fu;a=.k djus ds fy, ckSf)d laink iz.kkyh ds mi;ksx ds iz;klksa dks ukdke fd;k tk ldsA
4-7-2 tsusfVd fofo/krk ds laj{k.k vkSj i'kq ikydksa dh
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dks Lohdkjrs gq,] pjokgk leqnk;ksa ds i'kq vuqj{k.k vkSj iztuu ds ckjs esa ns'kt Kku dks izys[kc) djus dh t:jr gSA ns'kt i'kqvksa dh uLyksa vkSj iztkfr;ksa ds leqnk; vk/kkfjr laj{k.k vkSj fodkl dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk] ,sls Å".k rFkk 'khr 'kq"d {ks=ksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk,xk tgka tsusfVd fofo/krk rFkk lac) ns'kt :i ls lqfodflr gSaA i'kq iztkfr;ksa ds laca/k esa LFky ij gh laj{k.k dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, jkT; QkeksZ
dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA i'kq tsusfVd lalk/kuksa dks laj{k.k iznku djus ds fy, pkjkxkgksa dks lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xkA fo'ks"k tSo vkSj vkfFkZd fo'ks"krkvksa dk izys[ku u, thofoKku vkSj ubZ iks"kkgkj t:jrksa vFkok peZ@peM+s ds xq.koRrk tSlh vU; vkfFkZd uLyksa ds lanHkZ esa fd;k tk,xkA teZ IykTe dh tkap djus ds fy, jksx ls lqj{kk laca/kh lqfo/kk,a tqVkbZ tk,axh vkSj jksx lã fdLeksa ds p;u dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
4-7-3 nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkkjrh; iztkfr ds xk;&HkSalksa dh ek¡x
gSA vr% i'kq foKku Lukrdks] Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l ,p th½ rFkk izxfr'khy i'kq Ñ"kdksa dks ,slh iztkfr ds i'kqvksa ds vuqj{k.k ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk vkSj lgk;rk nh tk,xh rkfd fu;kZr ds voljksa dk vf/kdre ykHk mBk;k tk ldsA gkykafd leLr tSo lkexzh dk fu;kZr] ftlesa i'kq Hkh 'kkfey gSa] tSo fofo/krk vf/kfu;e ds vuqca/kksa ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xkA
5555----1111 foKku vkfoKku vkfoKku vkfoKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdhSj izkS|ksfxdhSj izkS|ksfxdhSj izkS|ksfxdh 5-1-1 QkeZ izpkyu vkSj mRiknu esa gq, ifjorZu esa foKku
vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh vge Hkwfedk gSaA orZeku esa mi;ksx dh tk jgh izkS|ksfxdh esa vk;s Bgjko ij dkcw ikus ds fy, ubZ izkS|ksfxdh tks Hkwfe vkSj ty dh izfr ;wfuV mRikndrk c<+kus esa en~nxkj gks ldrh gS] dh vko';drk gSA vxz.kh izkS|ksfxfd;ka] tSls fd tSo&izkS|ksfxdh] lwpuk vkSj lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ¼vkbZlhVh½] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ izkS|ksfxfd;ka] varfj{k vuqiz;ksx vkSj uSuks&izkS|ksfxdh] ÞlnSo&gfjr ØkfUrß izkjEHk djus ds volj iznku djrh gSa tks LFkk;h :i ls mRikndrk lq/kkjus esa leFkZ gSaA ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dh igqap esa lkekftd lekos'ku lqfuf'pr djus ds mn~ns'; ls jk"Vªh; Ñf"k
vuqla/kku i)fr ¼,u,vkj,l½ dh N=Nk;k ds rgr lkekftd :i ls laxr Ñf"k vuqla/kku gsrq lkoZtfud fuos'k esa of) dh tkuh pkfg,] ftlesa cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ¼vkbZlh,vkj½ ds laLFkku] jkT; Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;] vf[ky Hkkjr lefUor vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk,a vkSj jk"Vªh; C;wjks lfEefyr gSaA xSj&ljdkjh laLFkku ¼,uthvks½ rFkk futh {ks= ds vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl laLFkkuksa dks Hkh ,u,vkj,l esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA ,u,vkj,l dk iquxZBu fd;k tk,xk rkfd y?kq ,oa lhekar fdlkuksa dh leL;kvksa dks izHkkoh :i ls gy fd;k tk ldsA
5-1-2 vuqla/kku dk;Zuhfr izÑfr ds vuqdwy] gksuh pkfg,
y?kq Ñ"kdksa vkSj efgykvksa ds fgr esa gksuh pkfg,A
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,sls leqnk; izcaf/kr cht xzkeksa vkSj cht izkS|ksfxdh izf'k{k.k dsUnzksa dh vko';drk gS] ftuesa efgyk,a] fo'ks"k :i ls tutkrh; leqnk; esa cht vkSj cht izca/ku ds vius ikjaifjd Kku ds dkj.k] egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk,a fuHkkrh gSaA oSKkfud tkudkjh vkSj tSo&izkS|ksfxdh o vU; ubZ izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ls tqM+s tksf[keksa vkSj ykHkksa ds ckjs esa Hkze vkSj vk'kadkvksa dks nwj djus ds mn~ns'; ls] izR;sd iapk;r ls pqus gq, fdlkuksa dks QkeZ foKku izca/kd ds :i esa izf'kf{kr fd, tkus dk izko/kku fd;k tk ldrk gS rkfd os vius&vius xkaoksa esa QkeZ foKku izca/kdksa ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldsaA
5-1-3 iqu% la;ksftr Mh,u, izkS|ksfxdh vFkok tsusfVd
bathfu;jh ds lqjf{kr vkSj ftEesnkjhiw.kZ mi;ksx dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d jk"Vªh; tSo izkS|ksfxdh fofu;ked izkf/kdj.k LFkkfir fd;k tk,xkA
5-1-4 fofHkUu fdLe dh Qlyksa dh t:jr ds vuqlkj
iSnkokj esa of) dh tk,xh tSls fd lalkf/kr fd, tkus dh nf"V ls vPNh xq.koRrk okys Qy vkSj lfCt;k¡A
5-1-5 fdlkuksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,
vkSj vkxsZfud [ksrh esa oSKkfud mRiknu c<+kus ds fy, mPpLrjh; cgq&fo"k;d iz;kl fd;k tk,xkA Qly&i'kq/ku&eRL; ,dhÑr mRiknu i)fr;ksa ds varxZr vkxsZfud [ksrh ds fl)karksa vkSj fof/k;ksa dks viukus dh xqatkb'k gSA
5-1-6 l?ku ,dy Qly okys Ñf"k {ks=ksa esa ikfjfLFkfrdh]
vFkZ'kkL= vkSj jkstxkj ltu dh nf"V ls] Qly fofo/khdj.k ykHkizn gks ldrk gSA rFkkfi] Qly fofo/khdj.k ds laca/k esa fn;s tkus okys fdlh Hkh ijke’kZ ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls mik; Hkh vo'; crk, tkus pkfg, ftuls oSdfYid Qlyksa ds fy, izHkkoh cktkj lgk;rk lqfuf’pr dh tk ldsA Qly
fofo/khdj.k ds fy, ;kstuk rS;kj djrs le;] fo'ks"k :i ls [kk| Qly ls xSj&[kk| Qly esa tSls& ck;ks&bZ/ku ds mRiknu ds laca/k esa] jk"Vª dh [kk| lqj{kk dks /;ku esa j[kk tk,xkA
5-1-7 ckSf)d lEink vf/kdkj ¼vkbZihvkj½ fu;eksa esa]
vuqla/kku mRiknksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds fy, ewY; dh izfØ;kvksa ds ekeyksa esa vf/kdkjksa ds vfuok;Z ykblsaflax dk izko/kku fd;k tk,xkA LokLF; vkSj [kk| lqj{kk ds lHkh ekeyksa esa] lkekftd lekos'ku ekxZn'khZ dkjd gksxkA
5-1-8 izkS|ksfxdh lsokvksa vkSj lkoZtfud uhfr;ksa ds mfpr
lesdu ds tfj;s fla/kq&xaxk ds eSnkuh Hkkxksa dks izeq[k [kk|kUu mRikndrk {ks= esa cnyus vkSj gfjr ØkfUr ds ewy {ks= esa laj{k.k Ñf"k dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA
5555----2222 Ñf"k tSo&lqj{kkÑf"k tSo&lqj{kkÑf"k tSo&lqj{kkÑf"k tSo&lqj{kk 5-2-1 Qlyksa] o{kksa vkSj QkeZ rFkk tyh; thoksa dh Ñf"k
tSo&lqj{kk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd ;g vf/kdka'k vkcknh ds dk;Z vkSj vk; lqj{kk rFkk jk"Vª dh [kk| vkSj O;kikj lqj{kk ls lacaf/kr gSA Qlyksa] i'kqikyu] ekfRL;dh] okfudh vkSj Ñf"k vuqdwy lw{e thok.kqvksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq, fuEufyf[kr mn~ns';ksa ls ,d lesfdr jk"Vªh; Ñf"k tSo&lqj{kk i)fr ¼,u,ch,l½ LFkkfir dh tk,xh%& 1- izHkkoh vkSj LohÑr fuxjkuh] lrdZrk]
jksdFkke vkSj Qlyksa] QkeZ i'kqvksa] eNfy;ksa vkSj ou o{kksa dh mRikndrk vkSj lqj{kk dks lajf{kr djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;s x, fu;a=.k ds tfj, fdlku ifjokjksa dh vk; vkSj vkthfodk lqj{kk ds lkFk lkFk jk"Vª dh Hkh [kk|] LokLF; vkSj O;kikj lqj{kk dks lqjf{kr djukA
2- ekuhVfjax] iwoZ psrkouh] f'k{kk] vuqla/kku] fu;a=.k vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ds {ks=ksa esa
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lfØ; mik; ykxw djus dh jk"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; {kerk dks c<+kukA
3- fofu;ked mik;ksa] f'k{kk] mUur LoPNrk vkSj ikni&LoPNrk mik;ksa dks feykdj ,d ,dhÑr tSo&lqj{kk iSdst ykxw djukA
4- ns'k ds izeq[k Ñf"k&ikfjLFkfrdh; vkSj Ñf"k i)fr {ks+=ksa dks dhVksa] jksxtudksa vkSj [kjirokj dh vkØked fons'kh iztkfr;ksa vkSj lkFk gh vkuqoaf'kd :i ls vk'kksf/kr thfo;ksa ¼vkxsZfud½ ¼th,evks½ ds fjyht gksus ls cpko esa leFkZ izHkkoh ?kjsyw vkSj {ks=h; laxjks/k lqfo/kkvksa ds lkFk vkSj gc rFkk Liksd ekMy ij ,d lefUor jk"Vªh; Ñf"k tSo lqj{kk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djukA
5555----3333 Ñf"k&ekSle foKkuÑf"k&ekSle foKkuÑf"k&ekSle foKkuÑf"k&ekSle foKku 5-3-1 vYi] e/;kof/k vkSj nh?kkZof/k ekSle ds iwokZuqeku esa
jk"Vªh; {kerk dkQh vf/kd gSA egRoiw.kZ ckr lkekU; tkudkjh dks Qly i)fr;ksa vkSj ty dh miyC/krk ij vk/kkfjr LFkku fof'k"V Hkw&mi;ksx lykg esa cnyus dh gSA fdlkuksa dks de ls de le; ds varjky esa leqfpr Hkwfe mi;ksx laca/kh lq>ko nsus ds fy, izf'kf{kr iapk;r Lrj ds dfeZ;ksa }kjk le;≤ ij tkjh Ñf"k&ekSle foKkuh; lykg dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA leqnzh ekfRL;dh ds ekeys esa] ygjksa dh Åapkb;ksa vkSj eRL; ds >qM ik, tkus ds LFkku ds laca/k esa miyC/k vkadM+ksa dks eNqvkjksa dks lEizsf"kr fd;k tk,xkA bl laca/k esa uohure izkS|ksfxfd;ksa tSls baVjusV ,Q,e@,p,,e jsfM;ks@lSy Qksu tSlh lsok dk iz;ksx eNqvkjksa ds fy, cgqr lgk;d gksxkA
5555----4444 tyok;q ifjorZutyok;q ifjorZutyok;q ifjorZutyok;q ifjorZu 5-4-1 rkieku] o"kkZ vkSj leqnz Lrj esa izfrdwy ifjorZuksa
ds dkj.k tyok;q esa gksus okyk ifjorZu ,d
mHkjrk gqvk fo"k; gSA T;knkrj fo'ks"kK bl ckr ls lger gSa fd fo'o rkiu dk izHkko fparktud gS] tSlk fd fgeunksa vkSj vUVkdZfVdk rFkk vkdZfVd f'k[kjksa ds fi?kyus ls Li"V gSA rVorhZ rwQkuksa vkSj pØokrksa dh ckjECkkjrk rFkk xgurk esa Hkh of) gks jgh gSA bu ifjorZuksa ds ifj.kkeLo:i lw[ks vkSj ck<+ dh izk;% vf/kd laHkkouk jgrh gSA ;|fi tyok;q esa ifjorZu gksus dh otg ÅtkZ ds xSj&uohdj.kh; Lo:iksa dh vR;f/kd [kir djuk gS fdUrq tyok;q ifjorZu dk gkfudkjd izHkko xjhc ns'kksa }kjk vf/kd eglwl fd;k tk,xk D;ksafd muds lalk/ku vkSj {kerk lhfer gksrs gSaA tyok;q ifjorZu ds izfr lqHks|rk dks de djus ds fy, lfØ; mik; fd, tk,axsA vuqdj.kh; ekWMyksa ds vk/kkj ij izR;sd izeq[k Ñf"k&tyok;q {ks= ds laca/k esa vkdfLedrk ;kstuk,a vkSj Hkwfe rFkk ty oSdfYid mi;ksx dh uhfr;ka rS;kj dh tk;saxhA lw[kk vkSj ck<+ izo.k {ks=ksa esa vuqHkoh fdlkuksa dks lw[ks] ck<+ vkSj vfu;fer ekulwu ds izca/ku dh dyk esa Þtyok;q izca/kdksaß ds :i esa izf'f{kr fd;k tk,xkA
5555----5555 vknku vkSj lsok,avknku vkSj lsok,avknku vkSj lsok,avknku vkSj lsok,a
1- cht% cht% cht% cht% mÙke dksfV ds cht vkSj jksx eqDr jksi.k lkexzh ftlesa bu&foVªks dYoMZ izksisxqYl 'kkfey gSa] Qly mRikndrk vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA vc cgqr lh Qlyksa esa ladj iztkfr;ka miyC/k gksrh tk jgh gSzA ubZ mitkfr;ksa ds ekeys esa ewy ¼QkmaMs'ku½ cht vk/kkjHkwr Lrj ds cht mRikndksa vkSj muds lewgksa tSls lgdkjh lfefr;ka vkSj ,l,pth dks eqgS;k djk, tk,axsA ijLij :i ls ykHkizn Ñ"kd cht daiuh esa Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa dks cht izkS|ksfxdh vkSj O;kikj rFkk lHkh O;kogkfjd ikB;Øeksa esa
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eq[; O;kikj ds fl)karksa ij ikB;Øe cukus gsrq izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA ,d jk"Vªh; cht fxzM LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk ftlls laiw.kZ ns'k esa fofHkUu {ks=ksa dh fof'k"V vis{kk ds vuqlkj chtksa dh vkiwfrZ lqfuf'pr dh tk,xhA
2- e`nk LokLF;%e`nk LokLF;%e`nk LokLF;%e`nk LokLF;% [ksr dh mRikndrk dks c<kus dh dqath e`nk LokLF; esa lao/kZu gSA izR;sd fdlku ifjokj dks ,d e`nk LokLF; iklcqd lqfuf'pr rkSj ij tkjh dh tk,xh ] ftlesa rnu:ih ijke'kksZ ds lkFk&lkFk muds [ksrksa dh feV~Vh ds laca/k esa HkSfrd] jlk;u vkSj ekbØksck;ksykth ds ckjs esa lesfdr tkudkjh nh tk,axhA bl iz;kstu gsrq feV~Vh esa fof'k"V lw{e iks"kd rRo dh dfe;ksa dk irk yxkus ds fy, vkSj vf/kd iz;ksx'kkyk,a LFkkfir dh tk,axhA feV~Vh esa Qly ds vof'k"Vksa dks 'kkfey djds e`nk tSo ¼vkxsZfud½ inkFkZ esa o`f) dh tk,xhA catj Hkwfe ds iqu:)kj rFkk mldh tSfodh; {kerk lq/kkjus ds laca/k esa mfpr rduhdh lykg miyC/k djkbZ tk,xhA moZjdksa ds larqfyr iz;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, moZjd ewY; fu/kkZj.k uhfr;ksa dh iqujh{kk dh tk,axhA iks"kd rRo ds dq'ky pØ.k] ukbVªkstu fu/kkZj.k] tSfod lkexzh o/kZu vkSj fudkl iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, Ñf"k okfudh dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA tSo moZjdksa] tSfod [kknksa bR;kfn ds fy, mfpr mRiknu vkSj foi.ku ra= O;ofLFkr fd, tk,axs rkfd e`nk LokLF; ds lq/kkj@vuqj{k.k ds fy,@muds iz;ksx dks c<+kok feysA
3- dhVuk'kh%dhVuk'kh%dhVuk'kh%dhVuk'kh% dhVksa] jksxtudksa vkSj [kjirokj rhuksa ds dkj.k izR;sd o"kZ Qly dh dkQh gkfu gksrh gSA i;kZoj.kh; :i ls lqjf{kr vkSj dkjxj dhVuk'kdksa ds fodkl] iz;ksx vkjaHk vkSj izlkj dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA jklk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ds mi;ksx dks
,dhÑr dhV izca/ku ¼vkbZih,e½ i)fr esa 'kkfey fd, tkus dh t:jr gSA mi;qDr xq.koRrk fu;a=.k] lqj{kk vkdyu o vU; fofu;ked i)fr;ksa dks etcwr fd;k tk,xkA udyh vkSj ?kfV;k Lrj ds dhVuk'kdksa dh fcØh jksdh tk,xh vkSj tSo dhVuk'kdksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
4- ;a=%;a=%;a=%;a=% fdlkuksa dks {ks= vkSj Qly fof'k"V e'khuksa vkSj ;a=ksa dh t:jr gksrh gS rkfd os lgh le; ij Qly cksus vkSj [kjirokj dk izca/ku djus o QlyksRrj dk;Z esa lq/kkj djus dk dke dj ldsA efgykvksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls vius vuqdwy ;a=ksa dh t:jr gksrh gS ftuesa esgur de yxs] mRiknu c<s+s vkSj le; cpss rFkk mudk mi;ksx ljyrk ls fd;k tk ldsA Ñf"k Lukrd Ñf"k&m|eh vkSj izxkeh fdlkuksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk fd ;a=] vkStkj] e'khujh] VªSDVj o vU; cM+s QkeZ ;a= ‘kqYd&fdjk, ds vk/kkj ij miyC/k djk;saA
5- Vhds rFkk lhje laca/kh funku%Vhds rFkk lhje laca/kh funku%Vhds rFkk lhje laca/kh funku%Vhds rFkk lhje laca/kh funku% egRoiw.kZ i'kq jksxksa ds laca/k esa bl le; miyC/k lqfo/kkvksa esa eq[; dfe;ksa dks nwj djuk gksxkA ljdkjh&futh Hkkxhnkfj;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djrs gq, Vhdk fodkl ds {ks= esa tSo&izkS|ksfxdh vuqla/kku esa rsth yk;s tk, tkus dh t:jr gSA
6- eRL; cht vkSj [kk|%eRL; cht vkSj [kk|%eRL; cht vkSj [kk|%eRL; cht vkSj [kk|% mRre dksfV vkSj jksx&eqDr eRL; cht lQy varnsZ'kh; eRL; ikyu dh dqath gSA eRL; cht iztuu mRiknu esa ixkeh eNqvkjksa vkSj muds lewgksa tSls Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l ,p th½ dks izf'kf{kr fd;k tk,xk vkSj oguh; dherksa ij cht vkSj eRL; cht [kk| miyC/k djk;k tk,xkA blds fy;s jk"Vªh; ekfRL;dh fodkl cksMZ vkSj vU; ,tsafl;ksa ls mfpr rduhdh lgk;rk izkIr dh tk,xhA
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7- i'kq ds fy, pkjk%i'kq ds fy, pkjk%i'kq ds fy, pkjk%i'kq ds fy, pkjk% Ms;jh i'kqvksa esa vi;kZIr iks"kkgkj gh nw/k dh de iSnkokj dk izeq[k dkj.k gSA lsyqyksfld vif'k"Vksa dks mi;qDr mipkj vkSj lao/kZu ds tfj, mRre i'kq [kk| ds :i esa cnyus] iks"k.k le) pkjk ikS/kksa ds jksi.k vkSj izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds izlkj ds fy, ikjaifjd rFkk xSj ikjaifjd nksuksa gh rjhdksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
8- vU; vko';d lgk;d lsok,a% vU; vko';d lgk;d lsok,a% vU; vko';d lgk;d lsok,a% vU; vko';d lgk;d lsok,a% mPp QkeZ i'kq mRikndrk ds fy, vko';d dqN vU; vfuok;Z lgk;d lsok,a visf{kr gSa ;Fkk ns'kt iztkfr;ksa vkSj ladj iztkfr;ksa ds laca/k esa tsusfVd ewY;kaudu i)fr;k¡ lqfuf'pr djuk rkfd p;u ds QyLo:i mRiknu y{k.kksa esa tsusfVd lq/kkj Ñf=e xHkkZ/kku ds tfj, iztkfr dk mUu;u%] ladj iztuu] tks fdlkuksa ds lalk/kuksa ds fy, mi;qDr gks vkSj mUur izlaLdj.k o foi.ku laHko gksA i'kq/ku {ks= dks LoPNrk vkSj ikni LoPNrk ds vuqdwy cukuk gksxkA ijk&i'kq fpfdRldksa ds ,d loaxZ dks izf'kf{kr fd;k tk;sxk rkfd fdlkuksa ds fy;s lgk;d lsok dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dh tk lds ftuls chekfj;ksa dk 'kh?kz irk yx lds vkSj mudk bykt djus rFkk vU; i'kq fpfdRlk lsokvksa esa enn feysA
9- efgykvksa dh vf/kdkfjrk ds fy, lgk;d efgykvksa dh vf/kdkfjrk ds fy, lgk;d efgykvksa dh vf/kdkfjrk ds fy, lgk;d efgykvksa dh vf/kdkfjrk ds fy, lgk;d lsok,%lsok,%lsok,%lsok,% {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj thfodk ds fy, QkeksZ ij dke djus okyh efgykvksa ds fy, mfpr lgk;d lsokvksa tSls f'k'kq xg vkSj cky ns[k&js[k dsUnzksa] iks"k.k] LokLFk vkSj izf'k{k.k vkfn dh t:jr gSA ,sls fØ;kdykiksa ds foRriks"k.k ds fy, iapk;rh jkt ea=ky;] xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; vkSj Ñf"k ea=ky; dh ekStwnk Ldheksa es of) vkSj bLrseky fd;k tk,xk vkSj ;fn visf{kr gqvk rks ubZ Ldhesa 'kq: dh tk,xhA
5555----6666 _.k vkSj chek_.k vkSj chek_.k vkSj chek_.k vkSj chek 5-6-1 xzkeh.k cSafdax iz.kkyh dh dk;Zdq'kyrk vkSj igqap
¼vkmVjhp½ esa lq/kkj dh vko';drk gSA blds fy;s fdlkuksa dks mfpr C;kt nj ij foRrh; lsok,a lgh le; ij] i;kZIr ek=k esa vkSj ljyrk ls igqapuh pkfg,A cSafdax iz.kkyh ds varxZr Ñf"k ds Lrj dks Åapk mBkus] xzkeh.k vkSj Ñf"k&O;olk; m|eksa vkSj jkstxkj ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, visf{kr cM+h _.k {kerk dk irk yxkus vkSj foRrh; O;oLFkk djus ds fy, dne mBk, tk,axsA
5-6-2 fdlkuksa dks csgrj laLFkkxr _.k fnykus ds fy,
Hkkjr ljdkj dh ,d Ñf"k _.k uhfr gSA fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ Ldhe ds rgr fdlkuksa ds O;kid dojst ds fy, mik; fd;s tk;saxsA mRiknu dks izksRlkgu nsus vkSj _.k tksf[ke dks de djus ds fy, ,d izHkkoh lk/ku ds :i esa ekbdks _.k vkSj ekbdks chek dks c<+kok fn;k tk;sxkA xzkeh.k foRrh; iz.kkyh esa _.k lgdkfjrkvksa dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku vkSj Hkwfedk gS vkSj lgdkjh _.k laLFkkvksa esa lq/kkj ds fy, oS|ukFku lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa ij vey djus dks izkFkfedrk nh tk,xhA _.k laca/kh ijke'kZ nsus ds dsUnz LFkkfir fd, tk,axs tgka xaHkhj :i ls _.kxzLr fdlkuksa dks _.k ds paxqy ls cpkus ds fy, _.k jkgr iSdst@ iqu%fu/kkj.k dh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gSA Ñf"k vkSj xzkeh.k _.k ds vxz.kh ds :i esa jk"Vªh; Ñf"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ¼ukckMZ½ dks _.k dh miyC/krk vkSj fdlkuksa o vU; xzkeh.k m/kkjdrkZvksa dh _.k [kir {kerk ds chp vfHlj.k vkSj ,d n{k _.k iznk; i)fr lqfuf'pr djuh pkfg,A ukckMZ dks laLFkku fuekZ.k esa lfØ; :i ls Hkkx ysuk pkfg, vkSj vuqla/kku o fodkl laca/kh iz;klksa ds tfj, lgk;rk iznku djuh pkfg,A ukckMZ dks fdlkuksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; cSad ds :i esa dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
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5-6-3 pwafd Ñf"k vR;f/kd tksf[ke okyk ,d vkfFkZd dk;Zdyki gS vr% fdlkuksa dks miHksDrk&vuqdwy chek lk/kuksa dh t:jr gS ftuds varxZr mRiknu] vFkkZr cqokbZ ls ysdj QlyksRrj dkedkt dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,A chesa esa fdlkuksa dks foRrh; ladV ls cpkus ds fy, lHkh Qlyksa ds laca/k esa eaMh tksf[ke 'kkfey fd;k tk, vkSj bl izdkj Ñf"k dks foRrh; :i ls O;ogk;Z cuk;k tk,A jk"Vªh; Ñf"k chek Ldhe dks fdlkuksa ds fy;s vkSj vf/kd vuqdwy cukus gsrq blesa lq/kkj ykus ds iz;kl fd, tk;saxsA
5-6-4 xkaoksa esa _.k vkSj chek nksuksa izdkj dh tkudkjh dh
t:jr gSA bl dke esa Kku pkSiky ¼xkao Kku dsUnz½ lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA fdlkuksa esa chek vkSj _.k laca/kh tkx:drk ykus dks c<+kok fn;k tk;sxkA
5-6-5 efgykvksa ij mudh Hkw&gdnkjh@leFkZu ds vHkko ds
dkj.k _.k izkfIr ds ekeys esa fo'ks"k /;ku fn, tkus dh t:jr gSA efgykvksa dks ?kj@Ñf"k Hkwfe ds la;qDr iV~Vs ds lkFk rsth ls fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ tkjh fd;s tk,saxsA la;qDr iV~Vs ls jfgr ekeyksa esa efgyk fdlkuksa dks _.k vkSj fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ nsus ds fy, cSadksa }kjk muds ifr vkSj lacaf/k;ksa ls bUMSfefuVh ckaM xkajfV;ksa dks Lohdkj fd;k tk,xkA
5555----7777 lgdkjh lfefr;kalgdkjh lfefr;kalgdkjh lfefr;kalgdkjh lfefr;ka 5-7-1 cSafdax] vknku vkiwfrZ] foi.ku] Ñf"k&izlaLdj.k vkSj
vU; Ñf"k&O;olk;ksa esa] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gS ftlls fdlkuksa dks vknkuksa dh vkiwfrZ] mRiknu] ewY;o/kZu vkSj foi.ku esa fo|eku folaxfr;ksa ls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks vkfFkZd m|eksa ds :i esa dk;Z djuk pkfg, u fd jkT; ds foLrkfjr vax ds :i esa dk;Z djuk pkfg,A mUgsa m|e'khy nf"Vdks.k] mi;qDr m|e dsUnz.k ds ek/;e ls izfrLi/kkZ fLFkfr
izkIr djuh pkfg;s vkSj futh ,oa lkoZtfud {ks= dh bdkbZ;ksa ds lkFk uhfrxr laca/k cukuk pkfg;sA mi;qDr ra= cukuk pkfg, ftuds tfj, fdlku cktkj ek/;eksa ij vf/kd fu;a=.k izkIr dj ldsa rFkk lgdkjh lfefr;ksa rFkk Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds tfj, ykHk ds csgrj volj izkIr dj ldsaA
5-7-2 vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k vkSj cktkj izfrLi)kZRedrk dks
ns[krs gq,] lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks dgha vf/kd iwathxr o vU; foRrh; lalk/kuksa dh t:jr gksxhA dkuwuh <kaps vkSj fofu;ked i)fr esa ifjorZuksa ls iwathxr@foÙkh; lalk/kua izkIr djus esa en~n feysxhA uhfrxr vkSj dkuwuh <kaps dh leh{kk djuh gksxh ftlds varxZr lgdkjh lfefr;ka dk;Z dj jgh gSa ftlls fd fof/k dh O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj os vius dkedkt O;olkf;d <ax ls pykus vkSj LOkk;Ùkrk izkIr djus ds fy, leFkZudkjh ifjos'k dk ltu dj ldsaA lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds izca/ku dks O;olk;h :i ls l{ke cukus dh t:jr gS ftlesa pqus x, lnL;ksa vkSj izca/kdks ds dk;Z dk Li"V :i ls lhekadu fd;k tk,A ys[kk ijh{kk rFkk ys[kk i)fr;ksa esa Hkh lq/kkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj mls ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk,xk ftlls fd lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds lHkh lnL;ksa dks vf/kd fo'okl fnyk;k tk ldsA
5555----8888 foLrkj] izf'k{k.k vkSj Kku laidZrkfoLrkj] izf'k{k.k vkSj Kku laidZrkfoLrkj] izf'k{k.k vkSj Kku laidZrkfoLrkj] izf'k{k.k vkSj Kku laidZrk 5-8-1 oSKkfud tkudkjh vkSj QhYM Lrjh; dk;Z ds chp
varj gky ds o"kksZ esa dkQh vf/kd gks x;k gSA Kku ds bl avHkko dks rsth ls nwj fd;k tk,xk ftlls QkeZ mRikndrk vkSj ykHkiznrk esa of) gks ldsA Ñf"k foKku dsUnz QlyksRrj izkS|ksfxdh] Ñf"k izlaLdj.k o izkFkfed mRiknksa ds ewY;o/kZu ds {ks= esa izf'k{k.k nsaxs o iz;ksx'kkyk ls [ksr rd izn'kZuksa dk vk;kstu djsaxs rkfd xkaoksa esa n{k ukSdfj;ka iznku dh tk ldsaA foLrkj iz.kkyh dks etcwr cukus ds fy;s jkT; ljdkjksa dks lgk;rk nh tk,xh rFkk blds
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fy;s fo|eku foLrkj dkfeZdksa ds iqu% izf'k{k.k o mu vkStkjksa ls iqu% lfTtr djus ds vykok] mRÑ"V@ izxfr'khy fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa QkeZ Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk djds fdlku ls fdlku rd tkudkjh dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA Ñf”k foKku dsUnzksa ds lkFk QkeZ Ldwyksa ds lEidZ ls Qly vkSj i'kqikyu] eRL;dh vkSj Ñf”k okfudh ds izkS|ksfxdh; mUu;u dh izfØ;k esa rsth vk,xhA vk/kqfud Ñf”k iz.kkfy;ksa dh enn ls fdlkuksa] lalk/kdksa] [kqnjk foØsrkvksa vkSj vU; i.k/kkfj;ksa dks lkFk&lkFk ykus ds iz;kl fd;s tk,saxsA fo’ks”k:i ls ftyk Lrj ij vkSj mlds uhps foLrkj iz;klksa dk lesdu lqfuf’pr fd;k tk,xkA
5-8-2 xkaoksa esa u;s Kku pkSiky LFkkfir djds vkbZ lh Vh dh
{kerk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA blds vfrfjä Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ds lsok dsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa rFkk futh igy dk;ZØeksa }kjk LFkkfir dsUnzksa dk lekos’k foLrr vkSj O;kid fodkl ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA vkbZ lh Vh vk/kkfjr Kku i)fr dh lajpuk esa bl izdkj vU; ds lkFk&lkFk ,sls xzke dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk ‘kkfey gksxhA vfUre ehy vkSj vfUre O;fä rd la;ksT;rk dks czkMcSUM baVjusV] lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks vFkok baVjusV&eksckby Qksu rkyesy ds tfj, iwjk fd;k tk,xkA
5-8-3 NksVs ,oa lhekUr tksr {ks=ksa dh dk;Zdq’kyrk vkSj
O;ogk;Zrk esa lq/kkj djus ds fy, fdlkuksa dks lgh le; vkSj LFkku ls gh lwpuk nsdj vf/kd lEidZ djuk t:jh gSA tu lapkj lk/kuksa] fo’ks”k :i ls jsfM;ks] nwjn’kZu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk”kk ds lekpkj&i=ksa dh bl laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksxhA
5555----9999 lkekftd lqj{kklkekftd lqj{kklkekftd lqj{kklkekftd lqj{kk
vkthfodk lqj{kk lqfuf’pr djus ds fy,] fdlkuksa dks] fo’ks”k :i ls NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlkuksa vkSj Hkwfeghu Ñf”k Jfedksa dks] ,d O;kid jk”Vªh;
lkekftd lqj{kk Ldhe ds varxZr ‘kkfey djuk t:jh gSA vr% ljdkj ,d mfpr lkekftd lqj{kk Ldhe ykxw djus ds fy;s vko’;d mik; djsxhA
5555----10101010 Ñf”k ewY;] foi.ku vkSj O;kikjÑf”k ewY;] foi.ku vkSj O;kikjÑf”k ewY;] foi.ku vkSj O;kikjÑf”k ewY;] foi.ku vkSj O;kikj 5-10-1 Ñf”k mRikndrk vkSj ykHkiznrk c<+kus esa vk’oLr
vkSj ykHkizn foi.ku volj iznku djuk lrr izxfr dk eq[; igyw gSA igys ls gh dsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk vusd egRoiw.kZ cktkj lq/kkj fd, x, gSaA bu lq/kkjksa ls fdlkuksa dks viuk mRikn cspus] lgdkfjrkvksa lfgr futh {ks= ds cktkj fodflr djus ds fy;s NwV nsus] miHkksäkvksa] lalk/kdksa] [kqnjk iwfrZdÙkkZvksa@fu;kZrdksa dks lh/ks gh fcØh djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus vkSj Hkz”Vkpkj vkSj mRihM+u dks nwj djus ds fy, vkSj vf/kd volj eqgS;k djkus ds vf/kd fodYi izkIr gksrs gSaA bl laca/k esa fuEufyf[kr mik; fd, tk,xs%& 1- U;wure leFkZu ewY; ¼,e ,l ih½ i)fr dks
ns’kHkj esa vf/kd izHkkoh <ax ls dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA
2- ckktkj gLr{ksi Ldhe ¼,e vkbZ ,l½ dks vkdfLedrkvksa dh fLFkfr esa] fo’ks”k :i ls o”kkZiksf”kr {ks=ksa esa laosnu’khy Qlyksa ds ekeys esa] ‘kh?kzrk ls vey esa ykus ds fy, lqn< fd;k tk,xkA
3- lkeqnkf;d [kk|kUu cSadksa dh LFkkiuk dks c<+kok fn;k tk;sxk] ftlls vYi iz;qä Qlyksa ds foi.ku esa enn feysxh vkSj bl izdkj Ñf”k tSo fofo/krk ds laj{k.k esa vkfFkZd fodkl dks cy feysxkA
4- lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ¼ih Mh ,l½ ds usVodZ ds tfj, iks”kd feysV~l tSls fd cktjk] Tokj vkSj jkxh o vU; Qlyksa dks HkaMkj.k djus o cspus ds tfj, [kk| lqj{kk lewg ¼ckLdsV½ dk foLrkj fd;k tk;sxkA
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5- vkUrfjd izfrca/kksa esa NwV nsdj ,dy jk”Vªh; cktkj dk fodkl djus ds iz;kl fd, tk;saxsA fdlkuksa dh vk; esa of) esa ck/kd lHkh fu;a=.kksa vkSj fofu;eksa dh leh{kk dh tk;sxh vkSj mUgsa gVk;k tk,xkA
6- lkoZtfud&futh lgHkkfxrk i)fr esa Ñf”k ds fy;s VfeZuy eafM;ksa dk fodkl fd;k tk;sxkA xq.koÙkk vkSj ekax ds vuqdwy mRiknu ds fy, visf{kr rduhdh leFkZu lsok,a iznku djus ds fy, pys vk jgs iqjkus laidksZ dks dk;e j[kuk vkSj ikjn’khZ O;kikj ifjos’k esa csgrj ewY; olwyus ds fy, fdlkuksa dk cktkj rd igqap cuk, j[kukA
7- Ñf”k mRikn cktkj lfefr;ksa vkSj jkT; Ñf”k foi.ku cksMksZa ds dk;ksZa dks ek= fu;eu dk;ksZa ls :ikarfjr fd;k tk,xk rkfd LFkkuh; mRiknksa ds fy;s xzsfMax] czkafMax ,oa iSdsftax rFkk cktkjksa ds fodkl dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA
5-10-2 fdlkuks a dks Hkw&mi;ksx fu.kZ;ks a vkSj fuos’kksa ds
laca/k esa ekSlefoKku] foi.ku vkSj izca/ku lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij lgh lykg dh t:jr jgrh gSA Qlyksijkar gkfu;ks a dks de djus rFkk xzke Lrj ij gh jkstxkj vkSj vk; c<+kus ds fy, Ñf”k lalk/ku vkSj ewY;o/kZu ds fy, cqfu;knh lqfo/kk,a nh tk,axhA fdlkuks a ds laxBuks a o lgdkfjrkvksa rFkk y?kq Ñ”kd lEinkvks a tSlh vU; bdkbZ;ks a dh LFkkiuk dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk rkfd muds lkFk mfpr crkZo gks vkSj mUgsa vf/kd ls vf/kd vkfFkZd ykHk gks ldsA Qly lalk/ku m|ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s mRiknd lewgks a vkSj lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA Hkk.Mkxkj izkfIr;ks a dh ijØkE;rk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ck/kkvks a dks Hkh nwj fd;k tk;sxkA
5-10-3 Ñf”k esa O;kikj uhfr;ksa dk mís’; Ñ”kd ifjokjksa dh thfodk dh lqj{kk djuk vkSj fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dks csgrj cukuk gksxkA blds fy, fdlkuksa dh izHkkoh thfodk lqj{kk iz.kkyh ykxw dh tk;sxhA lewps ns’k esa xq.koÙkk ,oa O;kikj lk{kjrk dk;ZØe ‘kq: fd, tk,xsaA ewY; tksf[ke de djus vkSj LVsd gksYMjksa] fo’ks”k :i ls fdlkuksa dks vius vkidks tksf[ke ls cpkus ds fy, mfpr mik; fd, tk,xsA
5-10-4 fons’k Ñf”k O;kikj vkSj ewY; o/kZu ds fy;s miyC/k
voljksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh dk izlkj djds izfrLi/kkZRed ‘krksZa ij fu;kZr djus ds fy, fdlku ,lksfl,’kuksa vkSj ,l ,p th dh enn dh tk,xhA Ñf”k&fu;kZr {ks=ksa dks vkSj etcwr cuk;k tk,xk rkfd ,sls {ks= cu ldsa tgka fdlkuksa dks vius mRikn ds fy, ;FkklEHko lokZf/kd dher izkIr gksxhA
5-10-5 fdlkuksa dks muds mRikn ds fy, ykHkizn dherksa
ls vkSj miHkksäkvksa dks [kk|kUuksa ds fy, mfpr vkSj oguh; dherksa ds vuqlkj U;k; lqfuf’pr djus ds nksgjs y{; dks ¼pwafd fdlku Hkh miHkksäk gSa½ fuEufyf[kr lesfdr dk;Zuhfr ds ek/;e ls izkIr fd;k tk,xk% 1- ,e ,l ih laca/kh fu.kZ; ysrs le; ljdkj ;g
lqfuf’pr djsxh fd fdlkuksa ds mRiknksa ds fy, mUgsa ykHkizn ewY; izkIr djokus ds ekeys esa muds fgrksa dh i;kZIr lqj{kk dh xbZ gSA
2- o”kkZflafpr {ks=ksa esa ,e ,l ih ds izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u lfgr LFkk;h ,oa dq’ky izHkkoh foi.ku ifjos’k ls ckjkuh [ksrh esa mRikndrk vkSj vk; esa lq/kkj gksxkA
5-10-6 Ñf”k ykxr ,oa ewY; vk;ksx ¼lh,lhih½ ds fopkjkFkZ
fo”k;ksa vkSj fLFkfr dh leh{kk dh tk;sxh rkfd ,e ,l ih O;oLFkk dks vkSj vf/kd izHkkoh cuk;k tk ldsA
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6 6 6 6 fdlkuksa dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;kafdlkuksa dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;kafdlkuksa dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;kafdlkuksa dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka
5555----11111111 izlaLdj.k ,oa ewY; Ja[kyk ds lkFk lesduizlaLdj.k ,oa ewY; Ja[kyk ds lkFk lesduizlaLdj.k ,oa ewY; Ja[kyk ds lkFk lesduizlaLdj.k ,oa ewY; Ja[kyk ds lkFk lesdu 5-11-1 ;g lqLFkkfir rF; gS fd Ñf”k mRiknksa esa ewY; o/kZu
djus ls fdlkuksa dh vk; ds Lrjksa esa of) gksrh gSA vr% muds mRiknu dks izlaLdj.k rFkk vU; ewY; Ja[kyk fØ;kdykiksa ds lkFk lesfdr djuk vko’;d gSA rFkkfi] ns’k esa dVkbZ i'pkr voljapuk iwjh rjg ls vi;kZIr gS ftldh otg ls vR;f/kd v{kerk vkSj vif’k”V mRiUu gksrk gSA Qly ds izÑfr vkSj tyok;q dh n’kkvksa ij fuHkZj djrs gq, vuqfpr j[k j[kko rFkk ifjogu gkfu;ksa ds dkj.k Hk.Mkj.k] xzsfMax] iSfdax rFkk foi.ku dh fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa QlyksaijkUr gkfu;ksa dk izfr’kr vR;f/kd ifjorZu’khy gSA [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx fdlkuksa dks muds mRiknksa ds fy, ewY; o/kZu djds fdlkuksa dks e.Mh ls tksM+dj QlyksijkUr izca/ku esa lq/kkj ykdjds rFkk ekax lapkfyr QkfeZax dks c<+kok nsdj nh?kZdkyhu vkfFkZd lrrrk iznku djus esa l{ke gSA blds vykok [kk| izlaLdj.k fØ;kdykiksa dks vk/kqfud cukus dh Hkh vko’;drk gSA vr% bl izfØ;k dks dkjxj cukus] [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks=ksa dks vk/kqfud cukus vkSj bldh izfrLi/kkZRedrk esa of) djus ds fy, izHkkoh mik; fd, tk;sxsaA
5555----12121212 ikB~;Øe esa lq/kkjikB~;Øe esa lq/kkjikB~;Øe esa lq/kkjikB~;Øe esa lq/kkj 5-12-1 Ñf”k@i'kq foKku fo’ofo|ky;% Ñf”k@i'kq foKku fo’ofo|ky;% Ñf”k@i'kq foKku fo’ofo|ky;% Ñf”k@i'kq foKku fo’ofo|ky;% ßizR;sd Nk= ,d
m|ehÞ bu fo’ofo|ky;ksa dk y{; gksxkA blds fy, O;olk; izca/ku fl)kUrksa dks izeq[k vuqiz;qä
ikB;Øeksa ds lkFk ,dhÑr djus dh t:jr gksxhA blds lkFk gh Ñf”k@QkeZ fo’ofo|ky;ksa dks Hkh viuh ikB;p;kZ bl <ax ls iqu% rS;kj djuh gksxh fd [ksrh esa efgykvksa vkSj iq:”kksa dh lkis{k Hkwfedk dks Lohdkjk tk, rFkk mUgsa izkS|ksfxdh; :i ls l’kä cuk;k tk,A iks”kkgkj] QlyksijkUr izkS|ksfxdh] xq.koÙkk o lqj{kk ekudksa ij /;ku nsus ds fy;s ikB;p;kZ esa cnyko dh vko’;drk gSA QkeZ fo’ofo|ky;ksa esa [kk| lqj{kk ds dksMsDl ,fyesUVfj;l ekudksa vkSj LoPNrk o ikni LoPNrk lfgr xq.koÙkk laca/kh {kerk fuekZ.k m|ferk ij cy fn;k tk;sxkA
5-12-2 fdlkuksa dks xq.koÙkkizn lsok,a iznku djus ds fy,
Ñf”k Lukrdksa dks iathÑr Ñf”k vH;kldrkZvksa ds :i esa ekU;rk iznku djds iathdj.k djus ds fy, vkbZ lh , vkj ds vf/kns’k dk foLrkj fd;k tk;sxkA Lukrdksa ds chp izfrLi/kkZ dks c<+kus ds fy, Hkkjrh; izks|ksfxdh laLFkku ¼vkbZ vkbZ Vh½ vkSj Hkkjrh; izcU/ku laLFkkuksa ¼vkbZ vkbZ ,e½ dh rjg Ñf”k mRÑ”Vrk dsUnz ¼Qly vkSj i'kqikyu] ekfRL;dh vkSj okfudh½ LFkkfir fd, tk;saxsA vkbZ lh Vh }kjk izLrqr u, voljksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ns’k ds Nk+=ksa ds chp ,d v/;;u Økafr izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, ubZ f’k{kk’kkL=h; i)fr ykxw dh tk;sxhA fo’ofo|ky; dsUnzksa esa jkstxkj vkSj O;olk; ijke’kZ dsUnz rFkk Lo&jkstxkj voljksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk iSnk djus ds fy, fo’ks”k ,dhÑr lsok O;oLFkk dk;e dh tk,xhA
6666----1 1 1 1 tutkrh; fdlkututkrh; fdlkututkrh; fdlkututkrh; fdlku
fdlkuksa dh Js.kh esa tutkrh; fdlku lokZf/kd [kjkc fLFkfr esa gSaA ns’kHkj esa vf/kdka’k tutkrh; leqnk; viuh vkthfodk ds fy, ouksa vkSj i'kqikyu
ij fuHkZj gSaA buesa [ksrh djuk ¼cgqr ls Hkkxksa esa >we [ksrh½] bZa/ku] pkjk vkSj vusd izdkj ds xSj bekjrh ou mRikn ,d= djuk ‘kkfey gSaA mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj ykuk ljdkj dh izkFkfedrk gSA bl iz;kstukFkZ fuEufyf[kr fØ;kdyki fd;s tk;saxs%&
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1- tutkrh; fdlkuksa dh vkcknh okys {ks=ksa esa Hkw&vfHkys[kksa dks v|ru cukukA
2- fu.kZ; dh izfØ;k esa vkSj vf/kd lgHkkfxrk ds fy;s laLFkkxr O;oLFkk dks etcwr cukukA
3- lHkh tutkrh; fdlkuksa ds fy;s laLFkkxr _.k dh vklkuh ls izkfIr vkSj muds fy;s fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ Ldhe dk mfpr izko/kku
4- ,slh Qlyksa ds laj{k.k ds vkfFkZd igyqvksa ij /;ku nsuk vkSj tutkrh; fdlkuksa dh ikjEifjd Qlyksa vkSj tkudkjh dk izys[ku djukA
5- mfpr izkS|ksfxdh rFkk foLrkj lsokvksa dk izko/kku vkSj tutkrh; {ks=ksa ds fy;s ty] moZjd] cht vkfn tSls vknku miyC/k djkus laca/kh ekun.Mksa esa NwV nsukA
6666----2 2 2 2 pjokgspjokgspjokgspjokgs
pjokgksa ds fy, csgrj vkthfodk ds volj lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; fd;s tk;saxs%& 1- ou {ks=ksa rFkk ,sls {ks=ksa] ftUgsa xzkeh.k
lkewfgd Hkwfe;ksa ij pkjkxkg iz;kstukFkZ fofufnZ”V fd;k x;k gS] esa ikjEifjd pkjkxkg vf/kdkj vkSj jgus ds vf/kdkjksa dh cgkyhA
2- ns’kt i’kq iztkfr;ksa okys ikjEifjd pjokgksa@ i'kqikykdksa rFkk mu O;fä;ksa dh gdnkjh ds vkSipkjhdj.k dh O;oLFkk ¼LFkk;h pkjkxkg dkMZ tkjh djus lfgr½ ftlls fd vf/klwfpr vFkok lhekafdr pkjkxkg LFkyksa vkSj izokl ekxksZa ds fy, mudh eqä lqyHkrk lqfuf’pr gks ldsA
3- i'kq/ku ds fy, pkjkxkg vkSj is; ty L=ksarksa dks lajf{kr fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ;FkklaHko O;ogk;Zrk dks c<+k;k tk;sxkA
4- i'kq/ku@iztkfr;ksa dks laj{k.k iznku djus okys LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa@O;fä;ksa ds ckSf)d
lEink vf/kdkjksa dks ekU;rk vkSj laj{k.k iznku djus ds fy, ns’kt i'kq/ku iztkfr;ksa dk lEiw.kZ rFkk lgh izys[ku] Js.khdj.k fd;k tk,xkA
5- pjokgksa dks lHkh LFkkuh; izkÑfrd lalk/ku izca/ku dk;ZØeksa esa ‘kkfey fd;k tk,xkA ftlesa xzke] ou lfefr;ka vkSj la;qä ou izca/ku ‘kkfey gSaA
6666----3 3 3 3 vU; Jsf.k;kavU; Jsf.k;kavU; Jsf.k;kavU; Jsf.k;ka 6-3-1 mi;qZDr nks Jsf.k;ksa ds vykok] vyx&vyx vkSj
fo’ks”k t:jrksa okys vusd NksVs lewg gSa] tSls fd NksVs ckxku fdlku] }hi lewg fdlku] ‘kgjh fdlku rFkk tSfod&fdlkuA
6666----3333----2222 ckxku fdlkuckxku fdlkuckxku fdlkuckxku fdlku
cM+h la[;k esa NksVs fdlku pk;] dkQh] jcM] byk;ph] dkyhfepZ vkSj ofuyk tSlh ckxku Qlyksa ds jksi.k dh [ksrh esa yxs gq, gSaA dher esa mrkj&p<+ko rFkk fons’k ls vk;kfrr mRiknksa ls izfrLi/kkZ dqNsd mu cM+h leL;kvksa esa ‘kkfey gSa tks mUgs is’k vk jgh gSaA blfy, mUgsa cktkj ds mrkj&p<+ko ls cpkus ds fy, ckxku Qlyksa gsrq ,d dher fLFkjhdj.k fuf/k ls enn fey ldrh gSaA
6666----3333----3333 }hilewg fdlku}hilewg fdlku}hilewg fdlku}hilewg fdlku
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hilewg rFkk y{;}hi }hi lewgksa esa vkSj vU; }hi lewgksa esa Ñf”k vkSj eNqokjs ifjokjksa ij fo’ks”k /;ku fn, tkus dh t:jr gSA mudh t:jrksa esa izkS|ksfxdh] izf’k{k.k] izkS|ksfxdh voLFkkiuk vkSj O;kikj ds {ks= ‘kkfey gSaA }hilewg Ñf”k esa ifjogu ykxrksa dh Hkh leL;k gS] fo’ks”k :i ls eNyh tSlh u’oj oLrqvksa ds laca/k esa] ftUgsa eq[; Hkwfe esa cspuk gksrk gSA vaMeku vkSj fudksckj
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7 7 7 7 [ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka[ksrh dh fo’ks”k Jsf.k;ka
}hilewgksa esa izkphu tutkfr;k¡ gSa ftudh ,d le) ikjEifjd tkudkjh vkSj Kku gSaA tSofof/krk laj{k.k vkSj ijEijkxr LokLF; ns[kHkky ds {ks=ksa esa muds ns’kt Kku dks ekU;rk iznku djus o iqjLÑr djus ds fy, mik; fd, tk;axsA ;Fkk laHko] }hilewgksa esa ckxokuh fodkl dk;ZØe ykxw fd, tk;axsA c<+rh oSf’od m”ek ds dkj.k leqnz dk Lrj c<+us vkSj lqukeh tSlh vkinkvksa dh fLFkfr esa }hilewgksa esa thou vkSj vkthfodkvksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds mís’;
ls esuxzkso o xSj&esuxzkso vk/kkfjr ck;ks’khYMksa ds fuekZ.k tSls mik; fd, tk;axsA
6666----3333----4444 ‘kgjh fdlku‘kgjh fdlku‘kgjh fdlku‘kgjh fdlku
‘kgjh {ks=ksa esa] ?kjsyw m|kuksa vkSj ulZfj;ksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA ikSf”Vd vkgkj laca/kh m|kuksa dks leFkZu iznku fd;k tk,xk rkfd ikSf”Vd vkgkj laca/kh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA
7777----1 1 1 1 vkxsZfud [ksrhvkxsZfud [ksrhvkxsZfud [ksrhvkxsZfud [ksrh
Hkkjr esa vkxsZfud [ksrh vfHk;ku dks] vuqla/kku] foLrkj vkSj foi.ku ds {ks=ksa esa laLFkk ls i;kZIr lgk;rk ugha fey ik jgh gS vkSj blds fy, jklk;fud [ksrh dh vis{kk oSKkfud lgk;rk dh vf/kd t:jr gSA Ñf”k foKku dsUnzksa dks vkxsZfud [ksrh esa izf’k{k.k iznku djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA fdlku&vuqdwy o leFkZ cukus ds fy, varjkZ”Vªh; :i ls LohÑr izek.ku izfØ;kvksa dks Hkh lq<<+ fd;k tk,xkA vkxsZfud [ksrh {ks=ksa dk irk yxk;k tk,xk tSls fd dqN ioZrh; {ks= vkSj }hilewg tgka jklk;fud [kkn dk mi;ksx de gS rFkk vkS”k/kh; ikS/kksa ds fy, tgka jklk;fud dhVuk’kdksa vkSj [kkn ds mi;ksx dh lykg ugha nh tkrhA vkxsZfud [ksrh pqfuank o”kkZ iz/kku {ks=ksa esa visf{kr lgk;rk ds lkFk ftuesa foi.ku ‘kkfey gS] izksRlkfgr dh tk,axhA bls lafonk [ksrh ds tfj;s Hkh lgk;rk nh tk,xhA [kk| lqj{kk vkSj xq.koÙkk ekinaM dksMsDl ,fyesUVsfj;l ekudksa ds vuq:i gksus pkfg, D;ksafd dHkh&dHkh vkxsZfud [kkn esa Hkkjh ?kkrq fo|eku jgus dh fjiksVZ izkIr gqbZ gSA vkxsZfud [ksrh ds dk;Z esa yxs fdlkuksa dks egRoiw.kZ cktkjksa ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg, tgka mUgsa izhfe;e dher izkIr gksxhA vkxsZfud [ksrh ds fy,
Ñf”k&fDyfud o Ñf”k&O;olk; dsUnz LFkkfir djus ds fy, mUur’khy fdlkuksa vkSj Ñf”k Lukrdksa dks leFkZu iznku fd;k tk;sxkA tSo moZjdksa vkSj tSfod [kkn] tSo dhVuk’kdksa dks leFkZu vkSj lao?kZu ds fy, jklk;fud moZjdksa ds leku gh egRo fn;k tk,xkA
7777----2 2 2 2 gfjr Ñf”kgfjr Ñf”kgfjr Ñf”kgfjr Ñf”k
gfjr Ñf”k] ftlesa ,dhÑr dhV izca/ku] ,dhÑr iks”kd iwfrZ vkSj ,dhÑr izkÑfrd lalk/ku izca/ku ‘kkfey gS] dks ßlnk gfjr ØkfUrß dh vksj vxzlj ekuk x;k gSA vkxsZfud [ksrh ds foijhr] gfjr Ñf”k ds varxZr [kfut moZjdksa vkSj jklk;fud dhVuk’kdksa dk lqjf{kr vkSj U;wure mi;ksx o vkuqokaf’kd la’kks/ku }kjk fodflr Qlyksa dh iztkfr;k¡ lfEefyr gSaA gfjr Ñf”k mRiknksa dks oxhZÑr djds vkSj izek.ki= }kjk izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk tSlk fd vkxsZfud [ksrh ds ekeys esa gksrk gSA
7777----3 3 3 3 tsusfVdyh la’kksf/kr ¼th ,e½ QlysatsusfVdyh la’kksf/kr ¼th ,e½ QlysatsusfVdyh la’kksf/kr ¼th ,e½ QlysatsusfVdyh la’kksf/kr ¼th ,e½ Qlysa
th ,e Qlyksa ls tqMs tksf[keksa vkSj ykHkksa dk ,d fo’oluh; o ikjn’khZ <ax ls vkdyu djus dh
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8 8 8 8 fo’ks”k {ks=fo’ks”k {ks=fo’ks”k {ks=fo’ks”k {ks=
9 9 9 9 Hkkoh fdlkuHkkoh fdlkuHkkoh fdlkuHkkoh fdlku
t:jr gSA vkuqok¡f’kdh; la’kks/ku esa ,slh thuksa dks ‘kkfey djus dks izkFkfedrk nh tk, ftuls lw[ks] yo.kh;rk o vU; nokcksa ds vojks/k esa enn fey ldsA ty mi;ksx dk;Zdq’kyrk vkSj iks”k.kkRed rFkk izlaLdj.k xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj dks Hkh vuqla/kku dk;Zlwph esa izkFkfedrk iznku djuh gksxhA th ,e Qly iztkfr;ksa ds laca/k esa Ñ”kh; izca/ku izfd;kvksa esa izf’k{k.k nsuk ‘kq: djuk gksxk ,oa tkx:drk ykuh gksxhA
7777----4 4 4 4 lajf{kr ¼xzhugkml½ [ksrhlajf{kr ¼xzhugkml½ [ksrhlajf{kr ¼xzhugkml½ [ksrhlajf{kr ¼xzhugkml½ [ksrh
ckxokuh esa rhoz izxfr ds lkFk] ikuh vkSj [kkn mi;ksx] tSls fd moZj.k dh ferO;;h i)fr;ks a flapkbZ iz.kkfy;ks a ds ek/;e ls iks”kd inkFkks Z ds
mi;ksx dh lgk;rk ls lfCt;ks a] Qyksa vkSj Qwyks a dh gfjr x`g [ksrh ds volj fo|eku gS aA Ñf”k O;olk; dk;ZØe rFkk ckxokuh fodkl dk;ZØeks a ds varxZr xzhugkml x`g ckxokuh djus ds fy, Ñf”k rFkk x`g foKku Lukrdksa vkSj vU; m|fe;ksa dks lgk;rk iznku dh tk;sxhA y?kq&flapkbZ o moZjhdj.k rduhd vksj de ykxr okys xzhugkml dks mu {ks=ks a es a yksdfiz; cuk;k tk;sxk] tgka o”kZ esa dbZ eghuks a ds nkSjku ok”ihdj.k o”kkZ dh vis{kk ok”ihdj.k vf/kd gksrk gS aA ,slh izkS|ksfxfd;ks a ds fy, mi;qä lgk;rk iznku dh tk;sxh ftuesa tykHkko okys {ks=ksa esa vk; c<+kus esa enn fey ldsA
8888----1111 dfBukbZxzLr {ks=dfBukbZxzLr {ks=dfBukbZxzLr {ks=dfBukbZxzLr {ks=
ns’k ds dqN Hkkxksa esa ns[kh xbZ Ñf”k laca/kh dfBukbZ dks de djus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk vusd mik; fd, x, gSaA ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd ,sls {ks=ksa ij fo’ks”k /;ku fn;k tk, rkfd tksf[ke dks de fd;k tk lds vkSj nh/kZdkfyd Ñf”k i)fr;ksa ds fy, fufof”V;ksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk ldsA ,sls {ks=ksa esa] Kku la;ksT;rk vkSj lkekftd lgk;rk iz.kkfy;ksa vkSj foi.ku lajpkukvksa dks etcwr fd;k tk,A fofHkUu Ldheksa ds varxZr O;kid :i ls ykHkkfUor djus dks Hkh izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
8888----2222 ogn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=ogn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=ogn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=ogn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=
if’pe vkSj iwohZ ?kkVksa vkSj iwohZ fgeky;kbZ {ks=ksa] vU; iwoksZÙkj {ks=] tutkrh; {ks=ksa tSls fo|eku ogn tSo&fofo/krk {ks=ksa ds laj{k.k dk;Z esa LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tk,xk bu leqnk;ksa dks izksRlkgu nsdj muds ;ksxnku dks mi;qä :i ls ekU;rk nh tk,xhA ,sls mik; Hkh fd, tkus pkfg, ftuls o`gn tSo&fofo/krk okys {ks=ksa esa LFkkuh; leqnk; tSo&lalk/kuksa dks lrr <ax ls vkfFkZd lEink esa cnyus esa leFkZ gks ldsA
9-1 xSj&Ñf”k {ks=d esa dk;Z voljksa esa /kheh of) ds dkj.k NksVs vkSj vkfFkZd nf”V ls vykHkdj tksrksa esa of) gqbZ gSA fdlkuksa dh vk; c<+kus ds fy, NksVs QkeksZa dh mRikndrk esa of) djds rFkk Qly&i'kq ,dhÑr [ksrh iz.kfy;ksa ds tfj, vusd vkthfodk
ds volj lftr djds Ñf”k izlaLdj.k dks leFkZu iznku fd;k tk;sxkA Ñ”kd leqnk;ksa }kjk NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds fy, vkfFkZd iSekuksa dh fof/k;ksa dks iSnkokj o vk; c<+kus ds fy, yksdfiz; cukuk gksxkA ,sls lewg dk;Zdykiksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy,
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efgykvksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA uhps dqN fof/k;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSa ftUgsa NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlku Ñf”k dk;ksZ esa dk;Zdq’kyrk o ferO;;rk ds fy, viuk ldrs gSa% 1- lgdkjh [ksrh vkSj lsok lgdkjh lfefr;k¡%lgdkjh [ksrh vkSj lsok lgdkjh lfefr;k¡%lgdkjh [ksrh vkSj lsok lgdkjh lfefr;k¡%lgdkjh [ksrh vkSj lsok lgdkjh lfefr;k¡% ;s
Ms;jh m|ksx ds ekeys esa lQy jgh gSaA foi.ku lgdkjh lfefr;k lkekU;r% lQy jgh gSa D;ksfd buds lnL; Lofgr dks ns[krs gS blhfy, lg;ksx djrs gSaA lsok lgdkfjrkvksa ds vU; :i /khjs&/khjs mHkj jgs gSa] fdUrq xfr dks rst djuk gksxkA blfy, Ñf”k mRiknksa ds izlaLdj.k] ewY;o/kZu vkSj foi.ku laca/kh dk;Z djus ds fy, y?kq Ñ”kd lgdkfjrkvksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk vkSj buds fy, lgk;rk nh tk,xhA
2- Lolgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l,pth½ }kjk lkewfgd Lolgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l,pth½ }kjk lkewfgd Lolgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l,pth½ }kjk lkewfgd Lolgk;rk lewgksa ¼,l,pth½ }kjk lkewfgd Ñf”k%Ñf”k%Ñf”k%Ñf”k% y?kq _.k dh lgk;rk ls efgykvksa }kjk lapkfyr NksVs miØeksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, ,l-,p-th- vR;f/kd lQy jgs gSaA izpkykuRed tksrksa ds NksVs gksrs vkdkj dks ns[krs gq, Ñf”k fØ;kdykiksa dks lesfdr djus ds fy, lewgksa dks izksRlkfgr djds Ñf”k miØe ds mRiknu Lrj ij ,l-,p-th- vkSj oLrq vk/kkfjr Ñ”kd laxBuksa dks c<+kok nsuk ykHkdkjh gksxkA lesfdr dhV izca/ku] lesfdr ikS”kd rRo vkiwfrZ] oSKkfud ty izca/ku vkSj mUur Qly dVkbZ izkS|ksfxdh okys ßgfjr&Ñf”kÞ ds ekeys esa ;g fo’ks”k :i ls lgk;d gksxkA fdlkuksa dks vklkuh ls _.k miyC/k djkus ds fy, Hkh ,l-,p-th- dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
3- y?kq tksr lEink,a%y?kq tksr lEink,a%y?kq tksr lEink,a%y?kq tksr lEink,a% dikl] ckxokuh] vkS”k/kh; ikS/kksa] dqDdqV o eRL;ikyu esa] y?kq tksr lEinkvksa ds fuekZ.k ls] okVj’ksM {ks=ksa esa vFkok flapkbZ ifj;kstuk ds deku {ks= esa rFkk xkao esa jgus okys fdlkuksa ds chp lkewfgd lg;ksx dks c<+kus esa enn feysxhA
mRikndrk esa lq/kkj] mRiknu dh ykxr esa deh vkSj diM+k feyksa ds lkFk] [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksxksa] vkS”kf/kfuekZ.k dEifu;ksa ds lkFk vkSj eRL; foi.ku ,tsfUl;ksa ds lkFk foi.ku lafonk,a fu”ikfnr djuk dqNsd ykHk gksaxsA ,slh y?kq Ñ”kd lEink,a ßczk.MÞ ukeksa ls mRiknksa dk fofuekZ.k Hkh dj ldrh gSa vkSj vk; lqj{kk esa of) dj ldrh gSa ftlls lewg chek O;ogk;Z cu ldrk gSaA Ñf”k&Dyhfudksa vkSj Ñf”k O;olk; dsUnzksa dks ,slh lEinkvksa ls lEc) fd;k tk,xkA
4- lafonk Ñf”k%lafonk Ñf”k%lafonk Ñf”k%lafonk Ñf”k% Ñ”kdksa dks vk’oLr vkSj ykHkizn foi.ku voljksa ds lqfu’p;u gsrq izksRlkfgr fd;k tk;sxkA ijLij lafonkvksa dks ftuls mRikndksa vkSj Øsrk nksuksa dks ykHk gksxk] ,d lqifjHkkf”kr vkpj.k lafgrk ds vk/kkj ij lafonk Ñf”k ls] NksVs mRikndksa ds muds mRikn ds fy, mÙke dksfV ds vknku feysaxs] mfpr dher feysxh vkSj rqjUr vnk;xh izkIr gksxhA oLrq fof’k”V [ksrh dh t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, lafonk [ksrh vkpkj lafgrk ;k ,d ekMy lafonk fodflr dh tk;sxhA lafonk [ksrh esa fdlku dks fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa mldh Hkwfe ls oafpr ugha fd;k tk,xkA Ñ”kd vuqdwy lafonk Ñf”k iz.kkyh dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, jkT; ljdkjsa ,d leh{kk lfefr cuk,a ftlesa fdlkuksa dks Hkh ‘kkfey fd;k tk,A
5- fdlku dEifu;ka%fdlku dEifu;ka%fdlku dEifu;ka%fdlku dEifu;ka% dEiuh ¼la’kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 2002 ds varxZr iathÑr izkbosV fyfeVsM dEifu;ka vc cht mRiknu] tSo&moZjdksa] tSo&dhVuk’kdksa ds mRiknu o vU; izdkj ds [ksrh ds fy, vfuok;Z tSfodh; lk¶Vos;j ds mRiknu ds {ks= esa vfLrRo esa vk jgh gSaA NksVs fdlkuksa vkSj ,l,pth dks ,slh dEifu;ksa esa i.k/kkfj;ksa ds :i esa] ‘kkfey fd;k tk,xk u fd ek= ‘ks;j/kkjdksa ds :i esaA
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10101010 ;qokvk;qokvk;qokvk;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuksa dks vkdf”kZr djuksa dks vkdf”kZr djuksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk
11 11 11 11 vU; uhfrxr mik;vU; uhfrxr mik;vU; uhfrxr mik;vU; uhfrxr mik;
6- jkT; QkeZ%jkT; QkeZ%jkT; QkeZ%jkT; QkeZ% blds lkFk gh] jkT; QkeksZ dk mi;ksx] LFkkuh; iztkfr;ksa ds i'kqvksa] HksM+ o dqDdqV ds teZIykTe ds ltho nk; thu
cSadksa dk fodkl djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlls fd gekjh i'kq tSusfVd lEink ifjjf{kr jg ldsA
10 10 10 10 ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djuk
ns’k ds vUnj vkSj ns’k ls ckgj nksuksa txgksa ls vkmVlksflZax dk;ZØe pykus ds fy, Ñf”k& fDyfudksa vkSj mRiknu&lg&izlaLdj.k dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq f’kf{kr ;qokvksa dks lgk;rk ,oa leFkZu iznku fd;k tk;sxkA Ñf”k {ks= dh vksj ;qokvksa dks vkdf”kZr djus ds mís’; ls Ñf”k ,oa Ñf”k ls lEc) fØ;kdykiksa ftlesa ewY;o/kZu vkSj Ñf”k mRiknksa dk izlaLdj.k ‘kkfey gS] ds fofHkUu igyqvksa
esa dbZ O;olkf;d izf’k{k.k dk;ZØe ‘kq: fd, tk,axs vkSj mUgsa ekU;rk iznku dh tk;sxhA dsohds] jkT; ljdkjksa ds laLFkku@Hkk-Ñ-v-i- vkSj l{ke futh laLFkku Hkh ;qodksa dks ,sls ekU;rk izkIr O;olkf;d izf’k{k.k iznku dj ldrs gSaA mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy, ,oa Ñ”kd vk; esa of) djus ds fy, ewY;o/kZu gsrq Lojkstxkj m|e ‘kq: djus ds fy, fofHkUu Ldheksa ds tfj, izf’kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dks leFkZu iznku fd;k tk;sxkA
11-1 fuEufyf[kr uhfrxr mik;ksa ls fdlkuksa ds dY;k.k vkSj vkthfodk lqj{kk lqfuf’pr dh tk;sxhA 1- fo|eku jkT; Hkwfe mi;ksx cksMksZ esa lq/kkj
fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mls jkT; ljdkj }kjk xfBr dh tkus okyh ftyk&Lrjh; Hkwfe mi;ksx lfefr;ksa ls lEc) fd;k tk;sxk rkfd Hkw&mi;ksx ds laca/k esa fdlkuksa dks cf<+;k o lfØ; lykg iznku dj ldsaA bUgsa opqZvy laxBu cuuk gksxk rkfd muds ikl LFkku vkSj ekSle fof’k”V vk/kkj ij Hkw&mi;ksx fu.kZ;ksa dks ikfjfLFkfrdh;] ekSlefoKkuh; vkSj foi.ku dkjdksa ds lkFk lEc) djus dh ‘kfDr gksA
2- iq”iÑf”k] tM+h; vkSj dUnh; Qlyksa] lqxa/k nsus okys ,oa vkS”k/kh; ikS/kksa] e/kqeD[kh ikyu rFkk js’ke dhV ikyu ds fodkl ij izeq[k cy fn;k tk;sxkA bu mRiknksa dks mfpr eaMh
lEidZ iznku fd;k tk;sxk rkfd ,sls iz;klksa ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jkstxkj rFkk vk; ds voljksa dks c<+k;k tk ldsA
3- eaMh gLr{ksi Ldhe tkjh jgsxh vkSj bls etcwr cuk;k tk;sxkA rhoz izlaLdj.k ds fy, vkSj izfrca/k gVkus ds mi;qDr mik; fd, tk;saxsA
4- xzkeh.k xjhch vkSj dqiks”k.k dks nwj djus ds fy, ?kjsyw :i ls [kk|kUu mxkus rFkk ,d lqifjHkkf”kr [kk| lqj{kk uhfr cukuk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA [kk| lqj{kk dks etcwr cukus vkSj bldh fu;fer :i ls ekfuVfjx djus ds fy, ljdkj ,d [kk| lqj{kk ij dSfcusV lfefr dk xBu djsxhA
5- fdlku ifjokjksa dks ,p vkbZ oh@,M~l vkSj risfnd ¼Vh-ch-½ dk f’kdkj gksus ls Hkh cpk;k tk;sxkA fjVªksokbjy&jks/kh nokb;ka xkaoksa esa
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12121212 uhfr dh izpkyukRedrkuhfr dh izpkyukRedrkuhfr dh izpkyukRedrkuhfr dh izpkyukRedrk
eq¶r nh tk,axhA xkaoksa esa ,pvkbZoh@,M~l vkSj Vh-ch- tSlh xEHkhj chekfj;ksa ls ihfM+r fdlkuksa ds mipkj laca/kh dk;ZØe esa ejhtksa dks [kk| rFkk iks”kkgkj miyC/k djk;k tk;sxk rkfd jksx ls futkr ik lds vkSj LoLFk thou th ldsaA
6- Ñ”kd ifjokjksa ds fy, ,d xzkeh.k xSj&Ñf”k jkstxkj igy dh t:jr gSA bl igy ls lHkh xzkeh.k xSj&Ñf”k jkstxkj dk;ZØeksa dks ,dhÑr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd muds chp vfHklj.k o rkyesy dk;e fd;k tk ldsA lacaf/kr fofHkUu ,tsfUl;ksa dks feykdj ,d lexz dk;Zuhfr viukbZ tk,xhA
7- mRiknu of) nj ds lkFk&lkFk vk; of) nj dk Hkh vkdyu fd;k tk,xk vkSj mls izdkf’kr fd;k tk,xkA Ñf”k {ks= esa dk;kZfUor lHkh Ldheksa dks izkFkfed mís’; fdlkuksa dh vk; vkSj vkthfodk lq/kkj gksxkA
8- lafo/kku ¼73 oka la’kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1992 dh X;kjgoha vuqlwph ds vuqPNsn 243 th esa iapk;rksa dks Ñf”k rFkk Ñf”k foLrkj dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZ gSaA ;fn Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa ds lkeus vkus okyh leL;kvksa dks vyx&vyx Js.khc) dj fn;k tk, vkSj mu ij xzke lHkkvksa rFkk iapk;rksa }kjk fopkj fd;k tk, rks LFkku&fof’k”V leL;kvksa ij
‘kh?kzrkiwoZd vkSj izHkkoh <ax ls dkjZokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA fupyh Lrj ij fofHkUu Ldheksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dks dk;kZfUor djus ds mís’; ls Hkkjr ljdkj jkT; ljdkjksa dks iapk;rksa dks ‘kfDr lEiUu cukus ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djsxhA fdlkuksa dh leL;kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, iapk;rksa dks etcwr cukus ds dne mBk, tk;saxsA
9- tulapkj lk/ku ¼ijEijkxr] bysDVªkfud vkSj baVjusV½ gekjh iztkrkaf=d ‘kklu i)fr dk ,d egRoiw.kZ LrEHk gSA tu lapkj lk/kuksa dks Ñf”k] [kk| lqj{kk vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ls lacaf/kr eqn~nksa ds ckjs esa le; ij vkSj oSKkfud :i ls lgh tkudkjh iznku djds lgk;rk nsus ds mís’; ls {ks=h; ehfM;k lalk/ku dsUnz LFkkfir fd, tk;axs ftlesa izlkj dkfeZdksa rFkk fdlkuksa] ehfM;k izfrfuf/k;ksa vkSj oSKkfudksa dks lg;ksftr fd;k tk,xkA
10- Ñf”k fodkl ds fy; vko’;d xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.k lfgr xzkeh.k volajpuk dks mUur cukus vkSj xzkeh.k ÅtkZ gsrq lesfdr nf”Vdks.k dh t:jr gSA lkFk gh uohuh;ksX; ÅtkZ [email protected]] tSo bZa/kuksa dks Hkh etcwr cuk;k tk,xkA
12-1 fofHkUu jkT;ks a vkSj la?k ‘kkflr {k s=ks a es a LFkkuh; t:jrks a ds vuqdwy jk”Vªh; fdlku uhfr viukbZ tk;sxh vkSj mls ykxw fd;k tk;sxkA Ñf”k tyok;qoh; vkSj vU; LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr;ks a dks /;ku es a j[krs gq, bl uhfr ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq izpkyukRed ;kstukvks a dks rS;kj djds jk”Vªh; y{; dks LFkkuh; dk;ZokbZ;k s a es a cnyus ds fy, jkT; ljdkjks a
dks lgk;rk iznku dh tk;sxhA ,slh izpkyukRed ;kstukvks a dks cgqfo”kd O;olkf;d lewg }kjk ftyk Lrj ij rS;kj fd;k tk,xk vkSj jkT; Lrj ij lesfdr fd;k tk;sxkA ;g lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, fd uhfr ds rgr fd, x, mik; fdlkuks a dh leL;kvks a dks nwj djus es a lgk;d gS] fdlkuks a ls fujUrj QhMcSd ysus ds fy, ,d
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izHkkodkjh ra= fodflr djus gsrq jkT;ks a dks izk sRlkfgr fd;k tk,xkA
12-2 Ñf”k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx bl uhfr ds
izpkyukRedrk ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk ij lq>ko nsus ds fy, ,d var% ea=ky;h lfefr dk xBu djsxkA bl uhfr dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, lacaf/kr
ea=ky;ksa@foHkkxksa }kjk mfpr ra= fodflr fd;k tk;sxk vkSj fn’kkfunsZ’k rS;kj fd, tk,axsA
12-3 iz/kkuea=h dh v/;{krk esa Ñf”k leUo;u lfefr bl
uhfr ds lesfdr dk;kZUo;u dh fuxjkuh djsxh vkSj leUo;u LFkkfir djsxhA
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