2007-2008 Seminar Series - Michigan Technological University · Graduate Seminar Series 2007-2008...
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Graduate Seminar Series 2007-2008 Thursday, Nov. 8, 2007 Room 112, ME-EM Bldg. 3:00 – 4:00 p.m. Funding for the ME-EM Graduate Seminar Series is provided by Professional Plating, Inc. of Anoka, MN www.proplate.com and the Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics www.me.mtu.edu/seminar . The Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics Proudly Presents Professor Paul Cefola Massachusetts Institute of Technology Comparison of US & Russian Space Surveillance Systems Dr. Paul Cefola received his BS, MS, and Ph.D. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is a recognized expert in Astrodynamics with numerous conference presentations and publications. Dr. Cefola has worked for years on the design of elliptical orbits and associated constellations. In 1975 he began development of the semianalytical orbit propagation theory. Since then, the development, refinement and use of this theory have matured under his leadership. This approach provides rapid, precise long term orbit determination and prediction. The theory has been used extensively in government and industry laboratories to study orbit perturbations and maintenance. Recently this technique has been combined with parallel processing software paradigms and nonlinear optimization techniques to give new solutions for orbit and constellation design. Dr. Cefola has published over 90 research papers on the development of the semianalytical orbit propagation theory, on ephemeris representation, on the comparison of semianalytical and GP satellite theories, on the design and operation of innovative elliptical orbit constellations, and on near-real-time atmospheric density correction. Paul has been a Lecturer in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT since 1980 and has supervised the research of six Ph.D. and 24 Masters Degree students. These students participated in MIT’s joint educational program between the Draper Laboratory and the MIT Lincoln Laboratory. At the Draper Laboratory, Dr. Cefola managed the development of the Radarsat Flight Dynamics System. In 2005, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) selected Paul and six of his colleagues to receive the 2005 AAAS International Scientific Cooperation Award “for collaborative scientific efforts and pioneering work to advance state-of-the-art space surveillance for the benefit of the global astrodynamics community and the safety of human activity in space.” He is a Fellow of the American Astronautical Society (AAS). Previously, he received the AAS Dirk Brouwer Award “for unique theoretical and applied astrodynamic innovations and lifetime achievement in critical research activities.” Current research interests include Orbit Mechanics & Determination, Constellation Design, Satellite Attitude Dynamics & Estimation, Space Surveillance & Environment, Remote Sensing and Ocean Sensing. Since the1960s, the U.S. and Russia (then the Soviet Union) have addressed the primary space surveillance requirement: to detect, track, catalog, and identify man-made objects orbiting Earth, including active/inactive satellites, spent rocket bodies, and debris. Space surveillance systems combine hardware and software. The primary hardware components are the sensors which make the space surveillance tracking measurements, the computing segment, and the communications between them. The computing software includes nonlinear estimation methods for the orbit determination and models for both the tracking measurements and space object motion. The primary object is the residual between the actual observation and the residual computed from a previous estimate of the orbit determination solve-for vector. The actual observations are usually based on radar or optical sensing. To date, these measurements have been ground-based. If we process the observation residuals one at a time, we use a recursive or Kalman Filter. If we process the observation residuals in groups, we use batch weighted-least-squares. The computed residual leads us to consider the space object motion models. Since 1994 US and Russian space surveillance experts have held six joint space surveillance workshops. The 1994, 1998 and 2000 workshops were held at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, the 1996 workshop was held in Poznan, Poland (in conjunction with the IAU Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies Colloquium) and the 2003 and 2005 workshops were held at the Pulkovo Observatory in St. Petersburg, Russia. The seventh workshop is planned for 29 Oct. – 2 Nov. 2007 at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. The intent of the workshops has been to further communication between the US and Russian space surveillance communities and to mutually learn from the knowledge, methods, and experience of the other. It is recognized that the two countries are trying to solve the same problems and the truth is unique. A significant overlap in the people participating in the workshops, has contributed to the development of a friendly and cooperative atmosphere. One result of the workshops has been joint research projects. Two papers resulting from the joint research program have been selected as Best Conference Papers. A team of the workshop organizers and joint research program received the 2005 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) International Scientific Cooperation Award. Several quality papers by Russian authors describing the algorithms used in Russia for maintaining the Russian space object catalog have been published in the AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics. This lecture provides an overview of the US and Russian Space Surveillance Systems. Recent developments in space surveillance and future topics are considered.
Transcript of 2007-2008 Seminar Series - Michigan Technological University · Graduate Seminar Series 2007-2008...
GraduateSeminar Series2007-2008
Thursday, Nov. 8, 2007 Room 112, ME-EM Bldg. 3:00 – 4:00 p.m.
Funding for the ME-EM Graduate Seminar Series is provided by Professional Plating, Inc. of Anoka, MN www.proplate.com and the Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics www.me.mtu.edu/seminar
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The Department ofMechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics
Proudly PresentsProfessor Paul Cefola
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Comparison of US & Russian Space Surveillance Systems
D r. P au l C efo la rece ived h is B S , M S , and Ph .D . from R ensse laer P o lytechn ic Institu te . H e is a recogn ized expert in A strodynam ics w ith num erous conference p resenta tions and pub lica tions. D r. C e fo la has w orked fo r years on the design o f e llip tica l o rb its a nd associa ted conste lla tions. In 1975 he began deve lopm ent o f the sem iana lytica l o rb it p ropaga tion theory. S ince then, the deve lopm ent, re finem ent and use o f th is theory have m atu red under h is leadersh ip . Th is approach p rovides rap id , p rec ise long te rm o rb it de te rm ina tion and p red ic tion . T he theory has been used extensive ly in governm ent and industry labora to ries to s tudy o rb it pe rturba tions and m a in tenance . R ecently th is techn ique has been com b ined w ith para lle l p rocessing softw are parad igm s and non linea r op tim iza tion techn iques to g ive new so lu tions fo r o rb it and conste lla tion design . D r. C e fo la has pub lished over 90 research papers on the deve lopm ent o f the sem iana lytica l o rb it p ropaga tion theory, on ephem eris rep resen tation , on the com parison o f sem ia na lytica l and G P sa te llite theories, on the design and opera tion o f innova tive e llip tica l o rb it conste lla tions, and on near -rea l-tim e a tm ospheric density co rrection . Pau l has been a Lectu re r in the D epartm ent o f A eronau tics and A stronautics a t M IT s ince 1980 and has supervised the research o f s ix P h .D . and 24 M aste rs D egree studen ts. T hese studen ts partic ipa ted in M IT ’s jo in t educa tiona l program be tw een the D raper Labora to ry and the M IT L inco ln Labora to ry. A t the D raper Labora to ry, D r. C e fo la m anaged the de ve lopm ent o f the R adarsa t F ligh t D ynam ics S ys tem . In 2005 , the A m erican A ssocia tion fo r the A dvancem ent o f S c ience (A A AS ) se lected Pau l and s ix o f h is co lleagues to rece ive the 2005 A A AS In terna tiona l S c ien tific C oopera tion A w ard “fo r co llabora tive sc ien tific e ffo rts and p ioneering w ork to advance sta te -o f-the -a rt space su rve illance fo r the benefit o f the g loba l astrodynam ics com m un ity and the safe ty o f hum an activ ity in space .” H e is a Fe llow of the Am erican A stronautica l S ocie ty (A A S ). P revious ly, he re ce ived the A A S D irk B rouw er A w ard “fo r un ique theore tica l and app lied astrodynam ic innova tions and life tim e ach ievem ent in critica l research activ ities.” C urren t research in terests inc lude O rb it M echan ics & D e te rm ina tion , C onste lla tion D esign , S a te llite A ttitude D ynam ics & E stim ation , Space Surve illance & E nvironm ent, R em ote Sensing and O cean S ensing.
S ince the1960s, the U .S . and R uss ia (then the S ov ie t U n ion) have addressed the prim ary space surve illance requ irem ent: to de tec t, track , ca ta log , and identify m an -m ade ob jec ts o rb iting E arth , inc lud ing ac tive /inactive sa te llites , spent rocket bod ies , and debris . S pace surve illance sys tem s com bine hardw are and so ftw are . T he prim ary hardw are com ponents a re the sensors w h ich m ake the space surve illance track ing m easurem ents , the com puting segm ent, and the com m unica tions be tw een them . T he com puting so ftw are inc ludes non linear es tim ation m ethods fo r the orb it de term ination and m ode ls fo r bo th the track ing m easurem ents and space ob jec t m otion . T he prim ary ob jec t is the res idua l be tw een the ac tua l observa tion and the res idua l com puted from a prev ious es tim ate o f the orb it de term ination so lve -fo r vec tor. T he ac tua l observa tions are usua lly based on radar o r op tica l sens ing . T o da te , these m easurem ents have been ground-based. If w e process the observa tion res idua ls one a t a tim e, w e use a recurs ive or K a lm an F ilte r . If w e process the observa tion res idua ls in g roups , w e use ba tch w e igh ted-least-squares. T he com puted res idua l leads us to cons ider the space ob jec t m otion m ode ls . S ince 1994 U S and R uss ian space surve illance experts have he ld s ix jo in t space surve illan ce w orkshops . T he 1994 , 1998 and 2000 w orkshops w ere he ld a t the U S N ava l O bserva tory in W ash ing ton , D C , the 1996 w orkshop w as he ld in P oznan, P o land (in con junction w ith the IA U D ynam ics and A strom etry o f N atura l and A rtific ia l C e les tia l B od ies C o lloqu ium ) and the 2003 and 2005 w orkshops w ere he ld a t the P u lkovo O bserva tory in S t. P etersburg , R uss ia . T he seventh w orkshop is p lanned fo r 29 O ct. – 2 N ov. 2007 a t the N ava l P ostgraduate S choo l in M onterey, C A . T he in ten t o f the w orkshops has been to fu rther co m m unica tion be tw een the U S and R uss ian space surve illance com m unities and to m utua lly learn from the know ledge, m ethods, and experience o f the o ther. It is recogn ized tha t the tw o countries a re trying to so lve the sam e prob lem s and the tru th is un ique. A s ign ifican t overlap in the peop le partic ipa ting in the w orkshops, has contribu ted to the deve lopm ent o f a friend ly and coopera tive a tm osphere . O ne resu lt o f the w orkshops has been jo in t research pro jec ts . T w o papers resu lting from the jo in t research program have been se lec ted as B est C onference P apers . A team o f the w orkshop organ izers and jo in t research program rece ived the 2005 A m erican A ssoc ia tion fo r the A dvancem ent o f S c ience (A A A S ) In te rna tiona l S c ien tific C oopera tion A w ard . S evera l qua lity papers by R uss ian au thors describ ing the a lgorithm s used in R uss ia fo r m a in ta in ing the R uss ian space ob jec t ca ta log have been pub lished in the A IA A Journa l o f G u idance, C ontro l and D ynam ics . T h is lec tu re prov ides an overv iew o f the U S and R uss ian S pace S urve illance S ystem s. R ecent deve lopm ents in space surve illance and fu tu re top ics a re cons idered .
