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Intro to USI: Intro to USI: Three Societies on the Three Societies on the Verge of ContactVerge of Contact

The Highlights:The Highlights: Arrival of Native AmericansArrival of Native Americans Early North American CulturesEarly North American Cultures North America in 1492North America in 1492 Africa up to 1492Africa up to 1492 Europe up to 1492Europe up to 1492

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The Paleo-Indian Era: The First SettlersThe Paleo-Indian Era: The First Settlers(15,000-10,000 years ago)(15,000-10,000 years ago)– Beringia theoryBeringia theory– Beringia challenged? Beringia challenged?

http://www.humanjourney.us/america.html

– Expansion and developmentExpansion and development

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The Archaic Era: Forging an The Archaic Era: Forging an Agricultural Society (10,000-2,500 Agricultural Society (10,000-2,500 yrs ago)yrs ago)– Agriculture as a primary source of Agriculture as a primary source of

lifelife– Sedentary existenceSedentary existence– MaizeMaize– Populations grow; urban citiesPopulations grow; urban cities

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The Pre-Columbian Era: Developing The Pre-Columbian Era: Developing Civilizations (500 BC-1492 CE)Civilizations (500 BC-1492 CE)– Agricultural revolutionAgricultural revolution– Trading networks developTrading networks develop– Hierarchical systems of statusHierarchical systems of status

Mesoamerican EmpiresMesoamerican Empires– MayansMayans– Aztecs Aztecs – Aztec and European similaritiesAztec and European similarities– Why didn’t Chinese and Aztecs Why didn’t Chinese and Aztecs

discover and colonize?discover and colonize?– The Anasazi and the MississippiansThe Anasazi and the Mississippians

Trade, building (mounds)Trade, building (mounds)

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North America in 1492North America in 1492– 100 million people100 million people– DiversityDiversity– SimilaritiesSimilarities

Clan system/Matrilineal familiesClan system/Matrilineal families Land commonLand common EnslavementEnslavement Sexual EqualitySexual Equality

– Regional VariationsRegional Variations

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Economics and ReligionEconomics and Religion– TradeTrade– Property was not privately ownedProperty was not privately owned– Nearly all thought the natural world was filled with spirits.Nearly all thought the natural world was filled with spirits.– Past generations remained alive to guide the livingPast generations remained alive to guide the living

Intertribal Harmony and HostilityIntertribal Harmony and Hostility– Disputes over territory, resources, rivalriesDisputes over territory, resources, rivalries– SlaverySlavery– Culture of warfareCulture of warfare– Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy

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AfricaAfrica PoliticsPolitics

– Islam: spread but didn’t have a large Islam: spread but didn’t have a large impact on the daily lives of most West impact on the daily lives of most West AfricansAfricans

– Kingdoms of Ghana, MaliKingdoms of Ghana, Mali SocietySociety

– Kinship groups; rural farmersKinship groups; rural farmers– Matrilineal; gender equalityMatrilineal; gender equality– SlaverySlavery– ReligionReligion

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Europe up to 1492Europe up to 1492– Feudal lords dominate landFeudal lords dominate land– Feudalism divides Europe linguistically Feudalism divides Europe linguistically

and economically; stunts cultural and economically; stunts cultural growthgrowth

– The Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation Decline in Church authorityDecline in Church authority

– Feudalism prevents growth of nation-Feudalism prevents growth of nation-statestate

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EuropeEurope

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Reasons for the Decline of Reasons for the Decline of FeudalismFeudalism– Expanding trading networksExpanding trading networks

Growth of commerce and populationGrowth of commerce and population

– The CrusadesThe Crusades Increased tradeIncreased trade Weakened the power of European nobles; Weakened the power of European nobles;

strengthened monarchical powerstrengthened monarchical power

– Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities– The PlagueThe Plague– The RennaissanceThe Rennaissance

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Changes in European Society Changes in European Society – TechnologicalTechnological– EconomicEconomic– DemographicDemographic– ReligiousReligious– PoliticalPolitical– Europe sucked!Europe sucked!– Crisis mixed with a sense of possibilityCrisis mixed with a sense of possibility

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