AP Biology Who wants to be an arborist? AP Biology 2006-2007 Plant Anatomy.
2006-2007 Biology Final Review
description
Transcript of 2006-2007 Biology Final Review
![Page 1: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
2006-2007 Biology Final Review
Part B
![Page 2: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Haploid – A cell that has only one set of chromosomes.
Example – gamete (egg or sperm)
• Diploid – A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.
• Example – somatic cells
• zygote (fertilized egg)
31. 32.
![Page 3: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Intron – a section of DNA that does not code for an amino acid.
• Exon – The portion of DNA that codes for the production of proteins.
33. 34.
![Page 4: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Transcription
• The genetic information for making a protein is rewritten as a molecule of messenger RNA.
35.
![Page 5: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Translation
• The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes . Codons from mRNA molecules specify the sequence of amino acids.
36.
![Page 6: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bacteriophage
37.
Bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria.
![Page 7: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Crossing Over
•The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes results in genetic recombination which is essential to evolution.
•The combination of genes from two organisms results in a third type, not identical to either parent.
•The 3 mechanisms of meiosis that contribute to genetic variation are: Independent assortment, random fertilization and crossing over.
38.
![Page 8: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction Page 150
• In asexual reproduction, a single parent passes exact copies of all of its DNA to its offspring.
• Fission• Fragmentation• Budding
39.
![Page 9: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Transformation
• Transformation, a change in genotype caused when cells take up foreign genetic material.
40.
![Page 10: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DNA Structure41.
Double Helix
![Page 11: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
42. Complete and label diagrams
![Page 12: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Differences between DNA and RNA
• Double stranded• Deoxyribose sugar• Nitrogen bases ATCG
• Single stranded• Ribose sugar• Nitrogen bases
AUCG
43.
![Page 13: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DNA Replication
• DNA is copied• Occurs in the nucleus• Takes place during the
synthesis phase of the cell cycle.
• Enzymes separate the two strands
• New strands are synthesized by base-pairing with the original strand
44.
![Page 14: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RNA
• Messenger RNA - carries instructions for making a protein from a gene on the DNA in the nucleus and delivers it to the site of translation.
• Ribosomal RNA – responsible for ribosome function.
• Transfer RNA - single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid.
45.
![Page 15: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Codon - The RNA instructions are written as a series of three-nucleotide sequences on the mRNA called codons.
• Anticodon - a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
46.
![Page 16: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
List where the following process occur.
• DNA Replication - Nucleus
• Transcription - cytoplasm
• Translation - cytoplasm
47.
![Page 17: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Chargaff
• American Biochemist• Studied the nucleotide
composition of many samples of DNA.
• Amounts of nucleotides varied with each sample of DNA.
• Thymine equals Adenine • and Guanine = Cytosine.
49.
![Page 18: 2006-2007 Biology Final Review](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56814f2a550346895dbcb5e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Determine the sequence of amino acids that will result from the DNA sequence.
(Use the codon chart from page 211)
DNA sequence A G A G C A C T T A A A A G G
mRNA U C U C G U G A A U U U U C C
tRNA A G A G C A C U U A A A A G G
Amino Acid Serine Alanine Glutamic Acid Phenylalanine Serine
50.