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Advancements. People. Society. Terms. Other. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 400. 400. 400. 400. 400. 500. 500. 500. 500. 500. Power source of the revolution, invented by James Watt. What is the steam engine ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Advancements People Society Terms Other
Power source of the revolution, invented by James Watt
What is the steam engine?
Vastly improved agriculture, includes the use of one ‘fallow’
crop to restore soil nutrients
What is crop rotation?
Built by private entrepreneurs, would charge people for
trade/travel on them
What were turnpikes?
Separated the seeds from the raw cotton, vastly improved textile
industry; invented by Eli Whitney
What was the cotton gin?
After the revolution, instead of the farm life,
most people were employed in what
What were factories?
Perfected the machine that was VITAL to the Industrial
Revolution (gave power!)
Who was James Watt?
Socialist who set up a model community in New Lanark,
Scotland; he reduced working hours, built homes for workers, and started a school for children
Who was Robert Owen?
Theorized that food supply could not keep pace with population
growth
Who was Thomas Malthus?
I advocated the idea that the goal of society should be the greatest
happiness for the greatest number.
All laws should be based by their “utility”
Who was Jeremy Bentham?
Two philosophers who sought to end the struggle between the
‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’
Society as a whole should own and operate the means of
production
Who was Karl Marx and Frederick Engels?
Consolidated the small village farms in Britain into fewer larger
farms to increase agricultural efficiency
What were the Enclosure Acts?
Old economic system for textiles; peasant families would take raw material home to form clothing,
slow and inefficient
What was the cottage industry OR putting-out system?
Religious movement that was popularized by the working class to provide faith and hope through
such hard times
What was Methodism?
Mostly ineffective; sought to improve conditions of child labor
What were the Factory Acts?
This class successfully used capital to start businesses/run
factories.
They lived comfortably.
Who were the middle class?
Small, cramped, damp apartment in which most working class
families lived
What were tenements?
“Hands off” approach to the economy by the govt.
Capitalism!
What was laissez-faire?
Believed the government should interfere with the economy to promote “the greatest good for the greatest number of people”
Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill
What was utilitarianism?
In socialism, struggle between the haves and have-nots…
These were the “have-nots” or working class
Who were the proletariat?
Political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from
capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the
system
What is social democracy?
Removing iron from its core to make stronger steel
What was smelting?
This was the movement of people that occurred due to loss of
farming jobs and the Enclosure Acts at the beginning of the I.R.
What was urbanization?
Along with Jeremy Bentham, believed in utilitarianism…
believed govt. should protect workers from harm
Who was John Stuart Mill?
Early socialists who wanted ‘perfect’ societies where no
differences in classes existed; Robert Owen was one…
Who were utopians?
First industry that took off as part of the I.R.
Later the first labor union was created for this industry…
What was Textile industry & the Luddites?
