20051025 Ha Go Pi An

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

1/42

Stored Fuel

Maintenance Standardsas Defined by NFPAGregory Hagopian

President

FUEL TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL LLCPO BOX 6368, Santa Maria, CA 93456 (805) 459-1733

When the lights go out,

its too late to clean your fuel

www.fueltech.us

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

2/42

Has been in the fuel business for 12 years

Vice President of Operations at Fuel Technologies, Inc. for nine years

Currently President of Fuel Technologies International LLC

Has been a featured speaker for

SPEAKER BIO

7x24 Exchange

National Fire Protection Association American Society of Healthcare Engineers

California Fire Prevention Institute

California Fire Prevention Officers (Nor Cal and So Cal)

Association of Facility Engineers

Electrical Generating Systems Association

and numerous design engineer groups in the US Has authored several articles regarding stored diesel fuel stability for industry

publications and is the editor of the FTI Technical Information Report, published

quarterly

Received an Honorable Discharge from the United States Army in 1969.

Gregory Hagopian

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

3/42

NFPA 110 - 2002 Edition

Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems

7.9 Fuel System

7.9.1.2 Fuel system design shall provide for a clean supply

of fuel to the prime mover.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

4/42



7.9 Fuel System

7.9.1.2 Fuel system design shall provide for a clean supply

of fuel to the prime mover.

NFPA 110 Technical Committee recognizes the

importance of clean fuel for the reliable operation

of an EPS.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

5/42



7.9 Fuel System

7.9.1.3 Tanks shall be sized so that the fuel is

(1) Consumed within the storage life,

University of Idaho scientists conducted tests to determine

the timeline and percentage of degradation of stored diesel

fuel #2. The result of this testing was that petroleum diesel

fuel #2 degraded 26% after 28 days of storage

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

6/42



7.9 Fuel System


(1) Consumed within the storage life, or

(2) provision shall be made to replace stale fuel

To remove and replace fuel in a 3,000-gallon diesel fuel

storage tank at todays cost of fuel would easily exceed

$12,000.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

7/42



7.9 Fuel System


(1) consumed within the storage life, or

(2) provision shall be made to replace stale fuel or

(3) clean fuel

Portable or contract equipment brought to the site regularly

to remove filter/clean and replace fuel.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

8/42



7.9 Fuel System




(3) clean fuel



Install a dedicated automated diesel fuel maintenance

system that can be programmed to remove impurities

weekly.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

9/42



7.9 Fuel System




(3) clean fuel



Install a dedicated automated diesel fuel maintenance

system that can be programmed to remove impurities

weekly.

Introduce fuel additives to promote stability and biocides to

control microbial contamination as necessary.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

10/42



A.5.1.1(1) See A.5.5.3 for shelf-life precautionsfor fuel supplies.

A.5.5.3 Consideration should be given to sizing tanks

in order to meet minimum fuel supplier delivery

requirements, particularly for small tanks.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

11/42






requirements, particularly for small tanks. Considerationshould also be given to oversizing tanks, because many fuels

have a shelf life and deteriorate with age.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

12/42






requirements, particularly for small tanks.Considerationshould also be given to oversizing tanks, because many fuels

have a shelf life and deteriorate with age. Where large tanks

are required, it is recommended that fuels be periodically

pumped out and used in other services and replaced with

fresh fuel.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

13/42






requirements, particularly for small tanks.Considerationshould also be given to oversizing tanks, because many fuels

have a shelf life and deteriorate with age.Where large tanks

are required, it is recommended that fuels be periodically

pumped out and used in other services and replaced with

fresh fuel. Prudent disaster management could require much

larger on-site temporary or permanent fuel storage.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

14/42



Technical Review, Diesel Fuels, Chevron Products Company

While storage stability should not be a concern for the

majority of diesel fuel users, those who store diesel fuel for aprolonged period, i.e., one-year or longer, can take steps to

maintain fuel integrity.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

15/42





majority of diesel fuel users, those who store diesel fuel for a

prolonged period, i.e., one-year or longer, can take steps to


Fuel contamination is a major cause of premature

shutdown for standby engine generator sets, fire pump

engines and other diesel engine support functions.Contamination commences as soon as the storage tanks

are filled and continues until the fuel is used.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

16/42



7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

17/42





majority of diesel fuel users, those who store diesel fuel for a

prolonged period, i.e., one-year or longer, can take steps to


Fuel contamination is a major cause of premature shutdown for

standby engine generator sets, fire pump engines and other diesel

engine support functions. Contamination commences as soon as the

storage tanks are filled and continues until the fuel is used.As thelength of storage period increases, the probability for

premature engine shutdown due to either clogged filters, or

excessive water entrainment, increases.

FM Global Approval Guide, Flammable Liquid Equipment

Section.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

18/42



Page 110-15

7.9 Fuel System

7.9.1.2* Fuel system design shall provide for a clean supply of fuel to the prime mover.

A.5.1.1(1) See A.5.5.3 for shelf-life precautions for fuel supplies.

Page 110-20

A.5.5.3 Consideration should be given to sizing tanks in order to meet minimum fuel

supplier delivery requirements, particularly for small tanks. Consideration should alsobe given to oversizing tanks, because many fuels have a shelf life and deteriorate with

age. Where large tanks are required, it is recommended that fuels be periodically

pumped out and used in other services and replaced with fresh fuel. Prudent disaster

management could require much larger on-site temporary or permanent fuel storage.

7.9.1.3 Tanks shall be sized so that the fuel is (1) consumed within the storage life, or

(2) provision shall be made to replace stale fuel or (3) clean fuel.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

19/42

NFPA 20 - 2002 EditionStandard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps For Fire Protection

11.4.3.1 Fuel Supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least equal to

5.07 L per kW (1 gal pr hp), plus 5 percent volume for expansion

and 5 percent volume for sump.

11.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangements.

11.4.3 Fuel Tank Capacity.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

20/42


11.4.3.1 Fuel Supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least equal to 5.07 L per kW (1 gal pr hp), plus

5 percent volume for expansion and 5 percent volume for sump.

11.4.3.2 Larger-capacity tanks could be required and shall be

determined by prevailing conditions, such as refill cycle and fuelheating due to recirculation, and shall be subject to specialconditions in each case.



7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

21/42


11.4.5.2 The engine fuel supply (suction) connection shall be located on the tank so that 5 percent of

the tank volume provides a sump volume not usable by the engine.



11.4.3.2 Larger-capacity tanks could be required and shall be determined by prevailing conditions,

such as refill cycle and fuel heating due to recirculation, and shall be subject to special conditions in

each case.



11.4.5 Fuel Supply Location

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

22/42








each case.




11.6.4.1 The fuel storage tanks shall be kept as full as possible at all times, but never less than 50

percent of tank capacity.

11.6.4 Fuel Supply Maintenance.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

23/42








each case.




11.6.4.1 The fuel storage tanks shall be kept as full as possible at all times, but never less than 50

percent of tank capacity.

11.6.4.2 The tanks shall always be filled by means that will ensure

removal of all water and foreign material.

11.6.4 Fuel Supply Maintenance.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

24/42



A.11.6.4 Active systems that are permanently added to fuel tanks for

removing water and particulates from the fuel can be acceptable,

provided the following apply:

(1) All connections are made directly to the tank and are notinterconnected with the engine or its fuel supply and return piping in

any way.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

25/42



A.11.6.4 Active systems that are permanently added to fuel tanks for removing

water and particulates from the fuel can be acceptable, provided the following

apply:

(1) All connections are made directly to the tank and are not interconnected with

the engine or its fuel supply and return piping in any way.

(2) There are no valves or other devices added to the engine or its

fuel supply and return piping in any way.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

26/42

As of this date there is a growing database available on B20 but more data is

needed to accurately predict the impact of biodiesel on blend oxidative and

thermal stability.

DOE - 2004 Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidlines

BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

27/42


needed to accurately predict the impact of biodiesel on blend oxidative andthermal stability.

Compared to the B100 data on the same fuels, it appears that B20 may have

a longer storage life than B100.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

28/42



thermal stability.



Data also shows that some B20 can have good stability and othersdo not depending on the B100 used for blending.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

29/42



thermal stability.




The D4625 data suggests that most B20 can be stored for 8 to 12 months.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

30/42



thermal stability.





The National Biodiesel Board recommends that B20 be used within 6 months.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

31/42



thermal stability.






This is comparable to the recommendations of petrodiesel suppliers,

some of whom recommend petrodiesel be used within 3-4 months.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

32/42



thermal stability.






This is comparable to the recommendations of petrodiesel suppliers,

some of whom recommend petrodiesel be used within 3-4 months.

Adding antioxidants and/or stability additives is recommended

for storage over longer periods.


BIODIESEL STABILITY

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

33/42


BIODIESEL STABILITY

As biodiesel ages in storage, the acid number tends to

increase and go out of specification, gums and varnish can

form, and the viscosity can increase.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

34/42


BIODIESEL STABILITY

As biodiesel ages in storage, the acid number tends to increase and go out of

specification, gums and varnish can form, and the viscosity can increase.

Acid number, Viscosity, and Water and Sediment tests can be used to ensure

your B20 meets ASTM specifications for either biodiesel or diesel fuel.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

35/42


BIODIESEL STABILITY





There are data suggesting that when oxidized or aged

biodiesel is blended with diesel to make B20, some of thesediments and gums soluble in the B100 become insoluble

and come out of solution, forming sediments.

This information is presented as a warning only.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

36/42


BIODIESEL STABILITY





There are data suggesting that when oxidized or aged biodiesel is blended with

diesel to make B20, some of the sediments and gums soluble in the B100

become insoluble and come out of solution, forming sediments.


You should never blend out-of-specification B100 into diesel to make B20.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

37/42


BIODIESEL STABILITY





There are data suggesting that when oxidized or aged biodiesel is blended with

diesel to make B20, some of the sediments and gums soluble in the B100

become insoluble and come out of solution, forming sediments.


You should never blend out-of-specification B100 into diesel to make B20.

Make sure the Water and Sediment, Acid number, and Viscosity values are allwithin spec before blending.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

38/42

FOUR STEPS TO CLEAN FUEL

1. Test fuel semi-annually for condition of stability

and microbial contamination.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

39/42


1. Test fuel semi-annually for condition of stability

and microbial contamination.

2. Introduce a registered biocide as necessary.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

40/42


1. Test fuel semi-annually for condition of stabilityand microbial contamination.


3. Introduce a fuel additive to promote stability.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

41/42


1. Test fuel semi-annually for condition of stabilityand microbial contamination.


3. Introduce a fuel additive to promote stability.

4. Remove water and particulate regularly.

7/31/2019 20051025 Ha Go Pi An

42/42

FUEL TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL LLC

PO BOX 6368, Santa Maria, CA 93456 (805) 459-1733

When the lights go out,

its too late to clean your fuel

A Veteran Owned Business

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

20051025 Ha Go Pi An

Documents

Transcript of 20051025 Ha Go Pi An