2005 Safety at Sea Seminar Slide 1 Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training Craft Assoc....

2005Safety at Sea Seminar

Slide 1

Student Projects For the New Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training CraftNavy 44 Sail Training Craft

Assoc. Prof. Paul Miller, D.Eng., PEAssoc. Prof. Paul Miller, D.Eng., PE

Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering DepartmentNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering DepartmentUnited States Naval AcademyUnited States Naval Academy


Slide 2

Vessel BackgroundVessel Background

• 44-Foot Offshore 44-Foot Offshore Sailing Craft for USNASailing Craft for USNA– 1939 Luders Wood Yawl1939 Luders Wood Yawl– 1966 Luders Glass Yawl1966 Luders Glass Yawl– 1985 McCurdy and 1985 McCurdy and

Rhodes SloopRhodes Sloop– 2003 PYD sloop2003 PYD sloop

Safety is Paramount – Low Maintenance –10 Crew – Good RatingSafety is Paramount – Low Maintenance –10 Crew – Good Rating


Slide 3

Student Research Opportunities Student Research Opportunities at USNAat USNA

• Summer InternshipSummer Internship– ~120 manhours~120 manhours

• Independent Independent Research ProjectResearch Project– ~ 140 manhours~ 140 manhours

• Capstone CourseCapstone Course– ~ 190 manhours~ 190 manhours

• Trident ProjectTrident Project– ~ 580 manhours~ 580 manhours

Total student involvement Total student involvement was about 2000 manhours!was about 2000 manhours!


Slide 4

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

• Nine student projects by eleven Nine student projects by eleven students ranging from materials to students ranging from materials to Computational Fluid Dynamics.Computational Fluid Dynamics.

• Student projects both educational Student projects both educational and useful in Navy 44 design and useful in Navy 44 design developmentdevelopment


Slide 5

Incline Experiment, Full-Scale Incline Experiment, Full-Scale Resistance and VPPResistance and VPP

• Researcher: Aaron Researcher: Aaron DeMeyerDeMeyer

• Goals: Establish Goals: Establish baseline stability baseline stability and resistance data and resistance data and develop a VPP and develop a VPP tool for future tool for future research.research.


Slide 6

Full-Scale InclineFull-Scale Incline

• Incline experiment Incline experiment at full-load (vs IMS) at full-load (vs IMS) CSNTS conditionCSNTS condition– More stores, More stores,

equipment, sparesequipment, spares

• Two digital Two digital inclinometersinclinometers

• 8500 pounds8500 pounds• Righting moment Righting moment

decreased 1.2%decreased 1.2%

Incline Experiment for Navy 44Regression

y = 1687.7x

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Degrees of heel

Rig

hti

ng

Mo

me

nt

(ft-

lb)

Uncorrected (for added weight) Righting Moment


Slide 7

Full-Scale ResistanceFull-Scale Resistance

Resistance Curves (Raw Data)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Boat Speed (knots)

Re

sis

tan

ce

(lb

)

Prop Aligned VPP Estimate

VPP (updated) Trend (prop aligned)

VPP provided by Chris Todter- Initial used parametric drag prediction- Updated included strut, shaft, prop, paint and biofouling factors


Slide 8

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project• Researchers: Mark Researchers: Mark

Arvidson, Peter Arvidson, Peter Firenze, Cecily Firenze, Cecily TaylorTaylor

• Goal: Develop a Goal: Develop a preliminary design preliminary design of a new Navy 44 of a new Navy 44 using the same using the same constraints as the constraints as the current vesselcurrent vessel

X-452

Frers 41

J44

C&C 39

J46 Defiance 44

Sweden 390

Swan 44 Mk II

Navy 44

Baltic 40

Hallberg-Rassy 46

30

35

40

45

50

55

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

D/L

LO

A (

ft)

1982-1990 1990-Present

Navy 44Defiance 44

Swan 44 Mk II

Sweden 390

Hallberg-Rassy 46

Baltic 40

J46

30

35

40

45

50

55

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

SA/D ratio

LO

A (

ft)

1982-1990 1990-Present


Slide 9

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project• All design aspects evaluated and All design aspects evaluated and

discussed with outside designersdiscussed with outside designers• VPP used to improve VPP used to improve

performance incrementallyperformance incrementallyM&R "Mk 2" Mid 44

preliminary

LOA (ft) 43.9 44.0 44.0LWL (ft) 34.2 36.8 38.4Beam (ft) 12.4 12.4 12.4Draft (ft) 7.25 7.42 7.42Disp (lb) 28,600 27,700 24,200Sail Area (sq ft) 1017 1080 1017Disp-Length ratio 320.3 249.1 190.8SA-Disp ratio 17.4 18.8 19.4LPS (deg) 129 130 143


Slide 10

Capstone Design CourseCapstone Design Course


Slide 11

Capstone Design ProjectCapstone Design Project

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5

Speed (knots)

Res

ista

nce

(lb

)

M&R44 up MID44 up M&R44 dn MID44 dn Luders dn

All the designs had roughly the same drag at 6.5 knots boat speed upright. (S/L ratio of 1.1)The biggest differences were seen at higher speeds (winds greater than 10 knots).


Slide 12

Laminate UpgradeLaminate Upgrade

• Researcher: Mark ArvidsonResearcher: Mark Arvidson

• Goals: Determine the hull laminate with Goals: Determine the hull laminate with the best combination of toughness, cost, the best combination of toughness, cost, stiffness and strength to ABS Guidestiffness and strength to ABS Guide

• Approach:Approach:– Laminate analysis programsLaminate analysis programs– Coupon and panel testsCoupon and panel tests– Impact testsImpact tests


Slide 13

Laminate SelectionLaminate Selection

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

Position (in)

Lo

ad

(lb

s)

Vinyl Ester

4200 Epoxy

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 L1 L2 L3 L4 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 Test Laminates

No

rmal

ized

Yie

ld/W

eig

ht

Rat

ios


Slide 14

Laminate SelectionLaminate Selection


Slide 15

On Water TestingOn Water Testing


Slide 16

Alternate Wood LaminateAlternate Wood Laminate

• Researcher: Kent SimodynesResearcher: Kent Simodynes

• Goals: Using ABS, Navy and other Goals: Using ABS, Navy and other analysis methods determine an analysis methods determine an alternate wood laminate for the Navy 44alternate wood laminate for the Navy 44

• Approach: Analysis, coupon and panel Approach: Analysis, coupon and panel teststests


Slide 17

Alternate Wood LaminateAlternate Wood Laminate• All three methods All three methods

agreed with test agreed with test results for Carvel results for Carvel plankingplanking

• Cold-molded Cold-molded were 160-205% were 160-205% stronger than stronger than ABS and Navy, ABS and Navy, 77-120% for 77-120% for CLT/Tsai-WuCLT/Tsai-Wu

Specific Flex Strength vs. Material

We

t M

ah

og D

ry M

ah

og

C-M

ah

og

O-G

lass

C-M

ah

og

O-E

po

xy

C-W

RC

O-M

ah

og

(G

)

C-W

RC

O-O

ak

(G)

C-W

RC

O-G

lass

C-W

RC

O-O

ak

C-B

als

a O

-Ma

ho

g

C-B

als

a O

-At.

Ce

da

r

C-D

ou

g F

ir O

-Gla

ss

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Material Type

Sp

eci

fic

Fle

x S

tre

ng

th (

psi

)

25237

11305

23697

20279 20287

25960

21611

17580

11837

26550

28550268550

Using the same FOS, wood would be about 400 pounds (2%) heavier...


Slide 18

Keel Section and ShapeKeel Section and Shape• Researcher: Aaron DeMeyerResearcher: Aaron DeMeyer• Goals: Improve the performance of the new Goals: Improve the performance of the new

boat through keel planform, section and VCG boat through keel planform, section and VCG placement and structural modifications.placement and structural modifications.

• Approach: VPP, tank testing, CFD (with help Approach: VPP, tank testing, CFD (with help from Paul Bogataj)from Paul Bogataj)

• Solution: J5013 with 5% area reduction and Solution: J5013 with 5% area reduction and 6” lower VCG yielded an average 8% lower 6” lower VCG yielded an average 8% lower keel drag for an Olympic course at 6, 12, 20 keel drag for an Olympic course at 6, 12, 20 knots wind speed. 0-8 sec/mi improvement. knots wind speed. 0-8 sec/mi improvement.


Slide 19

Grounding ComparisonGrounding Comparison

• Researcher: Adam DriessenResearcher: Adam Driessen

• Goals: Determine if IMS-style bulb Goals: Determine if IMS-style bulb influences grounding (and influences grounding (and ungrounding) characteristicsungrounding) characteristics

• Approach: Gravity towed tank testing in Approach: Gravity towed tank testing in Coastal Lab 2-D beach tankCoastal Lab 2-D beach tank


Slide 20


Set up – 2 Hull/Keel Models; Constant Force, Not Constant Speed


Slide 21



Slide 22


Velocity Avg Force COV(kts) (lbs)

MR44 6.88 1.87 8.6%MID44 7.43 2.01 8.2%MR44 3.33 0.92 19.1%MID44 3.4 0.56 18.0%

Slope = 1:8

Velocity Avg Force COV(kts) (lbs)

MR44 6.88 2.14 8.9%MID44 7.43 2.14 16.1%MR44 3.33 0.95 15.5%MID44 3.4 0.91 21.5%

Slope = 1:12

Pull off force less for bulb twice, once for fin, once was equal.


Slide 23

Rudder Design ComparisonRudder Design Comparison

• Researcher: Ted HuebnerResearcher: Ted Huebner

• Goals: Determine relative performance Goals: Determine relative performance in a sail training environment of spade in a sail training environment of spade and skeg rudders.and skeg rudders.

• Approach: Full scale and tank testing Approach: Full scale and tank testing (resistance and tactical diameter)(resistance and tactical diameter)


Slide 24

Rudder Design ComaparisonRudder Design Comaparison

Condition RadiusBoat Lengths

Full scale 1.63

Old Hull Existing Rudder 1.39Old Hull Elliptical Spade 1.24

Old Hull Big Spade 1.22Old Hull Elliptical Skeg 1.22

New Hull Existing Rudder 1.89New Hull Elliptical Spade 1.35

New Hull Big Spade 1.22New Hull Elliptical Skeg 1.22


Slide 25



Slide 26


0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

0.045

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3Cl

Cd

trap skeg ellip spade trap spade ellip skeg

Poly. (ellip skeg) Poly. (trap spade) Poly. (ellip spade) Poly. (trap skeg)


Slide 27

Tank Test/CFD/VPP StudyTank Test/CFD/VPP Study

• Researcher: Jon SilverbergResearcher: Jon Silverberg• Goals: Compare modern prediction Goals: Compare modern prediction

methods and improve preliminary methods and improve preliminary designdesign

• Approach: CFD, tank testing and VPPApproach: CFD, tank testing and VPP


Slide 28

Tank TestingTank Testing

• New model built to PYD New model built to PYD preliminary designpreliminary design

• Data RecordedData Recorded– DragDrag– LiftLift– Yaw MomentYaw Moment– PitchPitch

• Tests includedTests included– Upright ConditionsUpright Conditions– Sailing ConditionsSailing Conditions– Viscous CorrectionsViscous Corrections

• Performed more than Performed more than 570 runs570 runs


Slide 29

SPLASH – CFDSPLASH – CFDSPLASH – CFDSPLASH – CFD

• Calculated inviscid fluid velocities across a discretized hull for all tank test cases

• Calculated inviscid fluid velocities across a discretized hull for all tank test cases

Code by Bruce Rosen of South Bay Simulations and Joe Laiosa from Navair at Patuxent River

Code by Bruce Rosen of South Bay Simulations and Joe Laiosa from Navair at Patuxent River


Slide 30

PCSail VPP modified for tank PCSail VPP modified for tank and CFD Resultsand CFD Results


Slide 31

Performance PredictionsPerformance PredictionsLow wind speeds showed variable results due to simplifications in the aerodynamic model

Low wind speeds showed variable results due to simplifications in the aerodynamic model

All other wind speeds showed excellent correlation between all velocity predictions

All other wind speeds showed excellent correlation between all velocity predictions


Slide 32

Final VPP ResultsFinal VPP Results

• Used Tank results and Used Tank results and CFD iterationsCFD iterations

• VPP and CFD used to VPP and CFD used to look at variations of rig, look at variations of rig, weight, stability, rudder weight, stability, rudder designdesign

• Suggested changes Suggested changes documented and documented and discusseddiscussed


Slide 33

Final Results?Final Results?• Info from student projects documented Info from student projects documented

and used to develop “consensus” and used to develop “consensus” design traits.design traits.

• New hull, keel, and rudder shapes.New hull, keel, and rudder shapes.

• New cockpit layout.New cockpit layout.

• New structural design.New structural design.

• Students are now submariners, pilots, Students are now submariners, pilots, SWOs and MarinesSWOs and Marines

2005 Safety at Sea Seminar Slide 1 Student Projects For the New Navy 44 Sail Training Craft Assoc....

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