20,000 Leagues Under The Leagues - Note

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    Form 1 2015 Graphic Novel

    20,000 Leagues Under The Sea

     Jules Verne

    LT!"#"$ !L!%!NTS

    S!TTNG

     The story begins in 1866 and ends in 1868 (The journey on the Nautilus begins duringthe summer of1867). The story is set on the Nautilus, the submarine vessel designedby Captain Nemo. The Nautilus traverses a!i"!# $ndian# %tlanti!# %rti! and %ntar!ti!&!eans# and the 'editerranean and ed eas.

    &'#"#&T!" LST%a(or &harac)ersDr. Pierre Aronnax

     The narrator# aged forty. *e is a former medi!al do!tor turned s!ientist and le!turer at

    the 'useum of aris. *e is unmarried and !hildless. *e resides in aris +ith hismanservant# Conseil. ,hile le!turing in the -nited tates# he is ased by the -..government to join the e/pedition aboard the Abraham Lincoln in sear!h of themysterious monster that has been atta!ing ships.

    Conseil%ronna/0s domesti! servant. *e is thirty years old. *e follo+s %ronna/ on all of hisvoyages and never oers !ounsel. *e is no+ledgeable of s!ien!e# yet has littlepra!ti!e. *e never !omplains.

    Ned Land% Canadian traveling on the Abraham Lincoln. *e is revered as the ing of harpooners.*e is forty years old# large# 2uiet# and angry +hen !ontradi!ted.

    Captain Nemo The !ommander of the Nautilus. *e is a mysterious man. *e is often moved to tears#yet easily angered. *e is a brilliant man +ho +as formerly an engineer. *e designedthe Nautilus himself. *is nationality remains unno+n to the narrator.

    %inor &harac)ersCaptain Anderson

     The !aptain of the Scotia, the ship that san and provoed the -nited tates to sendthe Abraham Lincoln in sear!h of the Nautilus. The root +ord 3ande4 means man5therefore# %nderson !an be read as son of man. $t is possible that erne employed thisname be!ause it +as this "nal stand obet+een 3man4 and ma!hinethat in!itedgovernment a!tion. *o+ever# it is liely that erne based this !hara!ter on the real lifeCaptain %nderson of the Great Eastern des!ribed in art $$.

    Captain Farragut The !aptain of the Abraham Lincoln. *is name is taen from a -nion Civil ,ar admiral#avid 9. :arragut. avid :arragut is famous for his statement; 3amn the torpedoesfull speed ahead

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    ships have an outstanding reputation and never sin.

    &*NFL&TProtagonist

     The protagonist of a story is the main !hara!ter# +ho traditionally# undergoes somesort of !hange. *e or he must usually over!ome some opposing for!e. $n TwentyThousand Leagues Under the Seas the protagonist is r. ierre %ronna/. *e is thenarrator and !entral !hara!ter of the tale. %ronna/ is repeatedly des!ribed as anaturalist throughout the story. % naturalist is# essentially# a person +ho is +ellstudied in natural s!ien!es su!h as ?oology and botanyas is %ronna/. *o+ever#+ithin the !onte/t of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas, a tale of s!ien!e"!tion# his position of a naturalist is ju/taposed +ith that +hi!h sees to th+artnatureCaptain Nemo and the Nautilus. $roni!ally# %ronna/0s !onfrontation +ith Nemo#during +hi!h he sees ho+ s!ien!e !an be used for evil# he !hooses his fello+ manover s!ien!e.

     Antagonist

     The antagonist of a story is the !hara!ter that provides an obsta!le for theprotagonist. $n this !ase the antagonist is Captain Nemo. The obsta!le is theimprisonment of %ronna/ and the other !hara!ters aboard the Nautilus.

    Climax The !lima/ of a story is the major turning point that determines the out!ome of theplot. $t is the point to +hi!h the rising a!tion leads. $n this story the !lima/ is inChapter @@# 3Captain Nemo0s >ast ,ords#4 +hen the men mae the de!ision toes!ape. This is a major de!ision# +hi!h permanently !hanges their !ondition ofimprisonment.

    Outcome%lso no+n as the resolution or denouement# this is the pla!e in the plot +here thea!tion is resolved or !lari"ed. $n this novel# the out!ome is that the men survive thegiant +hirlpool. Captain Nemo remains a mystery5 +e do not no+ if he has survived#nor do +e no+ +here he !ame from or +ho he really is. %ronna/ plans to return to:ran!e.

    S'*"T SU%%#"$ +Snopsis- The story opens in the year 1866. Averyone in Aurope and %meri!a is taling about amysterious !reature that has been sining ships. :inally# the -nited tates

    government de!ides to intervene and !ommissions the Abraham Lincoln to !aptureand identify the !reature. &n board the ship are ierre %ronna/# a reno+ned s!ientistalong +ith his manservant# Conseil# and Ned >and the ing of harpooners.

     The Abraham Lincoln is atta!ed by the !reature. %ronna/# Conseil and >and gooverboard. The three men "nd themselves on top of the mysterious !reature# +hi!h isa!tually a submarine vessel. They are taen on board and pla!ed in a !ell.

     The men meet Captain Nemo# the !ommander of the vessel# no+n asthe Nautilus. *e tells them they !an stay on board the ship and enjoy freedom as longas they return to the !ell if ased. They are never to leave the vessel again. Ned >and

    says he +ill not promise that he +ill not try to es!ape.

    Captain Nemo treats the men# espe!ially %ronna/# very +ell. They are !lothed and fedand may +ander around the vessel at their leisure. %ronna/ is thrilled by Nemo0s vast

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    library. The men spend their time observing sea life through observation +indo+s.%ronna/ studies and +rites about everything he sees.

    uring their time on the Nautilus, the men e/perien!e many e/!iting adventures. They hunt in under+ater forests# visit an island +ith angry natives# visit the lost !ity of %tlantis# and "sh for giant pearls. *o+ever# there are also many distressing events!oupled +ith the errati! behavior of Captain Nemo. &ne night the men are ased toreturn to their !ell. They are given sleeping pills and a+ae the ne/t morning very!onfused. Nemo ass %ronna/ to loo at a !re+man +ho has been severely injured.

     The man later dies and they bury him in an underground !emetery# +here many other!re+men have been laid to rest.

    &n a voyage to the outh ole# the Nautilus be!omes stu! in the i!e. Averyone musttae turns trying to brea a hole in the i!e so the vessel !an get through. The shipalmost runs out of its o/ygen supply and the men gro+ tired and light headed.*o+ever# they es!ape just in time.

    %nother time# the vessel sails through an area heavily populated by giant s2uid# +hen

    a giant s2uid gets stu! in the propeller of the submarine. The men and the !re+ must"ght o the s2uid +ith a/es be!ause they !annot be illed +ith bullets. ,hile "ghting#a !re+member is illed by a s2uid. Nemo is moved to tears.

     The rising a!tion of the story begins +ith Nemo0s atta! on a +arship. %ronna/ doesnot no+ to +hi!h nation the +arship belongs# but he is horri"ed +hen Captain Nemosins it. The men de!ide they must es!ape at all !osts.

    &ne night# +hile o the !oast of Nor+ay# %ronna/# Conseil and >and plan a rashes!ape. To their dismay they reali?e they are heading to+ard a giant +hirlpoolonethat no ship has ever survived. %ma?ingly# in only a small dinghy they emerge safely.

     They a+ae in the hut of a "sherman. %t the !on!lusion of the story# %ronna/ isa+aiting his return to :ran!e and re+riting his memoirs of his journey under the sea.

    T'!%!S%a(or ThemeMan versus Nature

    %inor ThemesRevengeLibert 

    %**. The mood# or atmosphere of a boo# is the general feeling of the story. This is usuallyportrayed through +ord !hoi!e# des!ription# and !hara!teri?ation. This story isprimarily mysterious and dar. The mystery results from the author0s preo!!upation+ith Captain Nemo0s identity. The entire plot is based on the voyages of the Nautilus of +hi!h +e no+ neither its purpose# its destination# nor its intentions. ,e do notno+ the language spoen by the !re+. ,e do not no+ Nemo0s ba!ground. ,e donot no+ +here Nemo goes +hen he disappears. ,e do not no+ +hat drives Nemo.

     The darness of the story is present from the very beginning; before +e no+ +hatthis mysterious obje!t is# +e no+ that it destroys ships and ills inno!ent people.

    %lthough Nemo is often ind and engaging# he is subje!t to abrupt and suddenoutbursts of rage.

    >$TA%B *$T&$C%> $N:&'%T$&N

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    ,hen reading Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas, parti!ularly be!ause it is a

    +or of s!ien!e"!tion# it is very important to remember that it +as +ritten in 187D. %t

    this time people traveled by horse and !arriage# ships# and in!reasingly# railroads.

     Therefore# the idea of a submarine that !ould rea!h the bottom of the sea +as

    astounding. $t might be !omparable +ith an individual traveling through spa!e today.

     Eules erne0s idea of a submarine +as not entirely original# neither +as his name for

    the vessel# Nautilus. $n the latter part of the nineteenth !entury many people +ere

    e/perimenting +ith diving bells# !ommonly !alled Nautile and Nautilus. $n fa!t# the

    "rst plans for a submarine +ere produ!ed in 1F8D and it is thought that the "rst

    +oring submarine +as !reated in 16@G. ubmarines that +ould have more greatly

    inHuen!ed erne are :ulton0s Nautilus, 18D1 and the infamous

    Confederate Hunley, used during the %meri!an Civil ,ar. These vessels +ere mu!h

    more su!!essful.

    %nother important histori!al trend to !onsider is the $ndustrial evolution. The

    $ndustrial evolution +as a period of dramati! !hange that began in Angland in about

    17FD and lasted through 18GD!ontinuing in other !ountries later. This period

    dramati!ally !hanged the lives of ordinary individuals as +ell as national and

    international e!onomy. The %meri!an Civil ,ar# +hi!h !on!luded in 186F one year

    before this novel begins +as the "rst +ar to really utili?e the progress of the

    $ndustrial evolution. hips +ere steam po+ered# +eapons !ould be produ!ed on

    massive s!ales# and submarines +ere used as +ell. The %meri!an Civil ,ar gain

    national attention and +as e/tremely gruesome. $t +as an e/!ellent e/ample of ho+s!ienti"! te!hnology !ould be used to destroy humanity. $n 187D# +hen the novel +as

    published# the publi! +ould !ertainly have still had this fear.

    9ANA

    2, Leagues Under the Sea is a s!ien!e"!tion novel. Eules erne and *.9. ,ells

    are !redited +ith founding the genre. !ien!e "!tion engages s!ien!e and te!hnology.

    ,ors in this genre typi!ally !reate situations that !ould not arise in the +orld as +e

    no+ it# but do through the use of advan!e s!ien!e and te!hnology.

    &hap)er Summaries / #nalsis

    ar) 1&'#T!" 1 # Shi3)ing "ee34Summar

     The "rst !hapter opens in the year 1866. %pparently# an 3une/plainable4 and3strange4 event has o!!urred. Averyone in Aurope and %meri!a is taling about thisevent. The sea men# in parti!ular# are disturbed. Throughout the summer of 1866#various ships report the sighting of a huge !reature# rapidly moving and +ithblo+holes.

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    $n all of the !ities people sing about and dis!uss the 3monster.4 Aven the s!ienti"!!ommunity debates over the e/isten!e and nature of the !reature. =y the beginning of 1867# the dis!ussion of the monster settles a bit. *o+ever# on 'ar!h F another ship+as stru!. Three +ees later an identi!al a!!ident o!!urs. The se!ond a!!ident#+hi!h happens to a ship the Scotia!"rom a very prestigious line# in!ensed the publi!.%ll ship+re!s !ome to be blamed on the monster. The people on both !ontinentsdemand that the +aters be rid of the monster+hatever the !ost.

    &'#T!" 2 ros and &ons4Summar

     The narrator of the story# ierre %ronna/# introdu!es himself as a s!ientist and le!turerat the 'useum of Natural *istory in aris. :or the si/ months prior to the atta! ofthe Scotia he has been doing +or in the =adlands of Nebrasa. hortly afterthe Scotia +as hit# he travels to Ne+ Bor to organi?e his spe!imens and a+ait returnto aris.

    ebate rages over +hat the !ause of the a!!idents !ould be. The ideas of a Hoatingreef or an enormous ship +re! are 2ui!ly reje!ted. eople are left +ith t+o possible

    solutions; a giganti! monster or a submarine vessel.

    %ronna/ tells us that it is unliely that the a!!idents +ere !aused by a submarinevessel. $t is highly unliely that an individual +ould have the vast resour!es to produ!esu!h a me!hani!al +onder. $t is also unliely that a government +ould !reate thevessel as an instrument of +ar be!ause the governments follo+ing the in!ident +iththe Scotia!!denied !reating any se!ret submarine. The narrator says that in theinterest of the publi! and inter!ontinental !ommuni!ation# the governments have tobe believed.%s the monster theory gained more strength# the narrator +as !onsulted for hise/pertise. *e previously published a t+o volume +or# titled The #ysteries o" the

    $cean %ee&s. :or!ed to mae some !on!lusion# %ronna/ maes a statement aboutthe monster# saying either they do not no+ +hat it is be!ause they have notdis!overed all spe!ies of animals# or it is a 9reat Nar+hal. This !reature is ane/aggeration of a !ommon nar+hal# +hi!h is a sea uni!orn. ,hile the !ommonnar+hal !an rea!h si/ty feet# the 9reat Nar+hal is ten times# or more# larger. $ts po+eris proportional to its si?e. The horn of a nar+hal is ivory and has the hardness of steel.Nar+hals fre2uently atta! +hales and ships. % 9reat Nar+hal +ould be e/ponentiallymore dangerous than a !ommon nar+hal.

     The narrator0s arti!le spa+ns !onsiderable debate. The governments on ea!h side of

    the %tlanti! de!ide to hunt the monster. The -nited tates deploys its shipthe Abraham Lincoln. *o+ever# the monster halted its destru!tion. :inally# on Euly Gthe monster atta!s in the a!i"! &!ean. %ronna/ re!eives a letter from the se!retaryto the -nited tates Navy that they +ould lie him to join in the e/pedition aboardthe Abraham Lincoln, set to sail the a!i"! &!ean.

    &'#T!" #s %onsieur leases4Summar-pon reading the letter from the Navy e!retary# %ronna/ tells us that he reali?ed hismain purpose in life +as to rid the +orld of the monster. espite his fatigue fromtraveling for so long and longing for home# %ronna/ a!!epts the %meri!an

    government0s invitation. *e believes the monster +ill end up in the +aters o the:ren!h !oast as a spe!ial favor to him# and be!ause 3all roads lead to Aurope.4

    %ronna/ and his domesti! servant# Conseil# mae immediate preparations and boardthe Abraham Lincoln, +here they meet Captain :arragutthe ship0s !aptain.

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    &'#T!" 6 Ned Land4Summar

     The narrator des!ribes Captain :arragut as a good sailor +ho +as one +iththe Abraham Lincoln. *e is led by his faith that the monster e/ists. *e is !ertain he+ill "nd the monster. The ship0s !re+ eeps !lose +at!h for the monster. They are alsovery e/!ited and believe in the e/isten!e of the !reature. Captain :arragut promisest+o thousand dollars to the "rst person to spot the !reature.

     The ship is e2uipped +ith every +eapon of destru!tion. 'ore importantly# aboardthe Abraham Lincoln is Ned >and# a Canadian and the ing of harpooners. *e is alarge and 2uiet man# easily angered +hen !ontradi!ted. *e is +orth the rest of the!re+ !ombined. %ronna/ says that Canadians are really :ren!hmen and that >and isattra!ted to him be!ause of his nationality. >and0s family is from Iuebe!+hi!horiginally belonged to :ran!e.

    Ned >and does not share ierre %ronna/0s vie+ that the !reature is a nar+hal. >andsays that is his e/perien!e as a +haler he has never seen a nar+hal pun!ture a ship.

    %ronna/ tries to persuade >and +ith statisti!s and mathemati!al !al!ulations that anin"nitely po+erful !reature !ould inhabit the depth of the seas. >and be!omesresponsive to the possibility that a !reature might e/ist# but he still does not !on!edethat su!h a !reature is responsible for the in!idents +ith the ships. >and appears toneed to e/perien!e su!h a !reature to believe in it. %ronna/ believes that >and ismerely stubborn.

    &'#T!" 5 n Search o3 #dven)ure4Summar&n Eune GD (note erne0s !hronology is not al+ays !lear and is often in!orre!t) >andimpresses the !re+ and %ronna/ +hen he harpoons t+o +hales at the re2uest of

    another ship. *is pro+ess maes %ronna/ believe that he +ill be su!!essful in!apturing the monster. The sailors remain dra+n to the +aters# driven by the lure ofmoney. %ronna/ says that he is not propelled by the !han!e of +inning the t+othousand dollars5 he +at!hes only out of his o+n !uriosity. Ned >and# !onversely#spends most of his time reading and sleeping in his !abinthis behavior outrages%ronna/.>and believes the !laims of those +ho have en!ountered the monster; it is invisibleand unbelievably fast. *e tells %ronna/ that if they !onsider the monster0s past habits#it is very liely that he is far a+ay from +here there arethe sight of the last in!ident.%fter three months of seeing no sign of the !reature# the !re+ be!omes dis!ouraged

    and septi!al. They de!ide to return home. The !aptain ass for three more days. &nthe third day# Ned >and spots the !reature.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 1 7 5$n these opening !hapters# +e are introdu!ed to three of the four main !hara!ters;ierre %ronna/# Conseil# and Ned >and. ,e also "nd the premise on +hi!h the !onHi!tof the story is basedthe men are seeing to destroy that +hi!h is destroyinghumanity. >ater# +hen they are on board the Nautilus this !onHi!t +ill !hange slightlyto man (humanity) versus ma!hine (the Nautilus'.

    ierre %ronna/ is a !lassi! pedant. *e is !onsumed by s!holarship# almost to the

    e/tent that he does not relate to the real +orld. *e !ontinuously# throughout the boo#maes obs!ure referen!es to !lassi!al philosophers and s!ientists. These referen!esrarely advan!e the plot# e/!ept to develop the !hara!teri?ation of %ronna/.

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    Ned >and is 2uite opposite of %ronna/. *e is gru and unre"ned. *e is des!ribed as3%meri!an#4 although he is really from Canada. $t is !lear that %ronna/ is e/tremelybiased to :ren!h !ulture. :urthermore# he seems to thin of %meri!an !ulture asunre"ned.

    >and and %ronna/ are foils of one another in these opening !hapters5 that is# they are!hara!ters +ho# in their dieren!es# illuminate the !hara!teristi!s of the other. $n the!ase of %ronna/ and >and# %ronna/ relies too mu!h on theoreti!al eviden!e (anothere/ample of his pedanti! nature) +here >and relies too mu!h on empiri!al eviden!e (heonly believes +hat he e/perien!es). $n his oJ!ial report on the situation +ith themonster# %ronna/ oers various reasons +hy it is possible that a giant nar+hal maye/ist. *o+ever# he !on!ludes his report by saying that despite +hat has been3glimpsed# seen# felt# and e/perien!ed4 there may be nothing in the sea at all. *esays he added this statement be!ause he +as a !o+ard and afraid of +hat thes!ienti"! !ommunity might thin of him. This reasoning e/empli"es %ronna/0spersonality; he is unable to rely on his senses# or on 3real life4 e/perien!e. *e must beable to reason everything s!ienti"!ally. *e is more in!lined to believe s!ien!e than hiso+n e/perien!e.

    Ned >and is the opposite. *is e/!ellent eye sight is symboli! of his ability to rely on hissenses. *e has e/!ellent senseshe is able to sleep and read all day be!ause heno+s the !reature is not near the boat. *e does not believe anything that he has notseen or e/perien!ed himselfthis is a reo!!urring theme throughout the novel.

    &'#T!" 8 Full S)eam #head4Summar$n the +ater there +as phosphores!en!e that had been des!ribed by many otherpeople +ho en!ountered the !reature. The monster !ontinued to give o light. $t +asmu!h faster than the ship and s+am around it and under it. The !aptain# fearsome of

    rising his ship against an unidenti"able !reature# de!ided not to atta! it but to +aitfor morning.

    Ned >and told the !aptain that the !reature made the same sounds as +hales# yetmu!h louder. ,hen the !reature appeared again in the daylight# %ronna/ +as able toobserve it more !losely. The !reature +as bla! and @FD feet in length. The +atershooting from the !reature0s blo+holes rea!hed about 1@D feet high.

    %t >and0s suggestion# the ship !ontinued full steam ahead# hoping to get !lose enoughfor >and to harpoon it. :ive hundred dollars +as oered to the man +ho !ould shoot

    the beast. % three hundred mile !hase ensued5 the only shot to hit the !reatureboun!ed o# as though it +as !oated in an iron !ase. The monster disappeared# then later reappeared. Ned >and +as able to hit it +ith aharpoon !ausing t+o enormous !olumns of +ater to fall over the de! of the ship.

     The Abraham Lincoln ro!ed violently. ierre %ronna/ +as thro+n into the sea.

    &'#T!" 9 #n Un:no;n Species o3

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    Conseil !alled out for help# after hours of s+imming. The men +ere greeted +ith thereply of Ned >and.

    Ned >and had also been thro+n from the ship. *e landed upon the !reature# +hi!h hefound +as made of steel. >and pulled %ronna/ and Conseil aboard the !reature. The!reature# it seemed# +as a submarine. >and said that on the three hours he +as on it#the boat did not move at all.

     The vessel began to move# slo+ly at "rst# then gaining speed. Through the night themen !lut!hed the top of the boat# attempting not to fall o. Ned >and stomped on thetop of the boat upon day brea. Aight men appeared and pulled >and# %ronna/ andConseil into the vessel.

    &'#T!" = %o>ilis in %o>ile4Summar

     The men found themselves# alone# in a dar spa!e. %fter half an hour# the !abin +asilluminated by the ele!tri! +hite light# previously observed +hile on the AbrahamLincoln. T+o men entered the !hamber# dressed in seaottersin and seal sin. They

    spoe a language that %ronna/ !ould not understand. %ronna/# >and and Conseilrelayed their tale in :ren!h# Anglish# 9erman# and >atin. The men understood nothingthey said. They left the three alone again.

    % ste+ard returned +ith !lothes and food. The food# mu!h to their surprise# +ase/!ellent. The plates and utensils +ere ins!ribed +ith the motto; 3'obilis in 'obile N.4till !onfused# the three men +ent to sleep.

    &'#T!" ? Ned Land@s Fi)s o3 #nger4Summar-pon +aing# %ronna/ began to e/amine his surroundings. *e pondered ho+ the air

    +as "ltered and repla!ed to ensure that enough o/ygen is present. *e dis!overed anopening over the door of the !ell# through +hi!h he presumed fresh air entered. %s themen dis!ussed their ne/t meal and ho+ long they slept# %ronna/ tried to dispel >and0sfear that the men of the vessel +ere !annibals.

    >and be!ame angered by Conseil0s abiding !alm. *e +anted Conseil to be!ome asangry as himself and demand to be fed# as they +ere all hungry again. >and!ontinued in his "t of rage# saying that he thought it +as best to try to tae over thevesselmu!h to the dismay of %ronna/ and Conseil. >and promised he +ould donothing rash immediately.

    %s the time passed and the men gre+ hungrier# >and gre+ "er!er. *e pa!ed the !elland s!reamed. ,hen# at last# the ste+ard appeared# >and atta!ed him and grabbedhis throat. Conseil +as helping to save the ste+ard from >and and as %ronna/ beganto help# he +as greeted +ith :ren!h# asing them to !alm themselves and listen.

    &'#T!" 10 The %an o3 )he Sea4Summar

     The man speaing :ren!h +as the !ommander of the vessel. *e had been one of themen at the "rst meeting# and +as !apable of speaing all of the languages they hadtried to !ommuni!ate in. *e had not responded be!ause he +as interested in listening

    to them and reHe!ting on +hat they said. The !ommander spoe !almly and +ithgreat ease# though %ronna/ suspe!ted he +as not :ren!h. The !ommander e/plainedho+ he +as a man 3broen +ith humanity#4 and +as unsure of ho+ to deal +ith theseintruders. %ronna/ tried to e/plain that the intrusion +as unintentional# but the

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    !ommander pointed out that !hasing his vessel# shooting his vessel# and hitting thevessel +ith a harpoon +ere ea!h intentional a!tions.

     The !aptain e/plained to the men that he believed he had the right to treat them asenemies. ,hen %ronna/ pleaded that the !aptain +as a human not a savage# the!aptain angrily rebued him# yelling that he had broen +ith so!iety and +as nolonger subje!t to its rules. The !aptain de!ided that the men !ould stay on board +ithfreedom if they a!!epted one !ondition; the men must obey his !ommand to stay intheir !abin +hen re2uested# so they did not see +hat the !aptain +ished to eepse!ret.

     The freedom oered to %ronna/# Conseil and >and +as the same as the other men onthe ship; they !ould +al around as they +ished and observe all that happened5 theyonly had to return to their !ell on rare o!!asions. *o+ever# they men +ould never beallo+ed to return home. &utraged# >and said he +ould not give his +ord that he +ouldnot try to es!ape. %ronna/ argued that the !aptain +as !ruel. The !aptain stated he+as being mer!iful. The !aptain !ontended that the three men had atta!ed him5 theyhad boarded his ship. *e +as prote!ting himself by not letting them gohe did not

    +ant anyone to no+ of his e/isten!e.

     The !aptain promised r. %ronna/ that he +ould enjoy his time in the vessel. The!aptain had %ronna/0s boo in his !olle!tion# but told him he +as bound to earths!ien!ehe did not no+ everything and +ould soon enter a +onderland. %ronna/ +as!ompelled by the !aptain0s oer and a!!epted the terms of their stay. %ronna/ +asdispleased +hen the !aptain did not oer his hand to seal their agreement.

     The !aptain said his name +as Captain Nemo# and that he +ould simply !all >and andConseil passengers of the Nautilus. >and and Conseil +ere given a meal in their !elland %ronna/ +as instru!ted to eat in the dining hall +ith Captain Nemo. The dining

    hall +as +ell de!orated +ith oa and ebony. ,hile eating# Captain Nemo e/uberantlye/plained to %ronna/ ho+ the sea provided for all of his needs. *e +as mu!h more

     jubilant than he had "rst appeared.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 8 7 10erne !alls the ship that tries to !at!h the !reature# the Abraham Lincoln. %braham>in!oln# the president of the -nited tates from 1861186F# presided over the%meri!an Civil ,ar and is !redited +ith preserving the -nion. *e +as assassinated in%pril# 186Fone year before the boo begins. The !aptain ofthe Abraham Lincoln, :arragut# is named for a -nion admiral# avid :arragut. :arrugut

    +as !redited +ith saying 3amn the torpedoesfull speed ahead

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    %nother important aspe!t of this se!tion is Ned >and0s referen!e to !annibalism. Thisis a reo!!urring fear he +ill have. >iterally# he is afraid his fello+ man +ill eat himalive. The symbolism of >and0s name should not be forgotten. -nlie %ronna/# he !anonly survive on the tangiblehe is not please to sit and !onsider theoreti!al ideas orphilosophy. *e is# in every sense# a !reature of the land. The land is +hat Nemo hastried to es!ape# be!ause he has a deep hatred for his fello+ man. erhaps >and andNemo are !orre!t to fear their fello+ man +ill eat them alive# both literally and"guratively.

     This se!tion also develops the !hara!ters of the men. Ned >and !ontinues to be easilyangered and demanding (the gru %meri!an)5 %ronna/ !ontinues to be re"ned and!on!erned +ith proto!ol (note the :ren!h +ord for arrogan!e is the same as theAnglishstriingly similar to %ronna/)5 Conseil !ontinues to serve (note the :ren!h+ord for !ounsel is !onseil although Conseil is said to never !ounsel# he almostal+ays does# +ith permission of !ourse).

    &'#T!" 11 The Nau)ilus4

    Summar$n Chapter 11 Captain Nemo gives r. %ronna/ a tour of the pe!uliar vessel#the Nautilus. The "rst pla!e they visit is the library. The library is ri!h and vast.%ronna/ is sho!ed at ho+ +ell e2uipped it is. Nemo tells him it holds t+elvethousand volumes. The !aptain oers %ronna/ a !igar that has been harvested fromsea +eed ri!h in ni!otine5 %ronna/ is impressed.

     The ne/t room %ronna/ visits is the salon# +hi!h is "lled +ith master paintings# apiano# and s!ores of musi!. $n addition to these +onders# +ere natural rarities su!h asplants# shells# and other rare spe!imens.

    Nemo sho+s %ronna/ his !abin# +hi!h is an elegant room adjoined to the !aptain0sbedroom. The !aptain0s room is bare# illuminated by indire!t light# and furnished byiron.

    &'#T!" 12 #ll > !lec)rici)4Summar$n his bedroom# Captain Nemo e/plained the s!ienti"! instruments seen throughoutthe Nautilus. Nemo e/plained the basi! instruments +hi!h measured things su!h aspressure and temperature. *o+ever# the most important element to his ship# hee/plained# +as ele!tri!ity. %ll the !aptain +ould say about the ele!tri!ity +as that it

    +as not the !ommon sort. The !aptain e/tra!ted sodium from the +ater to mi/ +ithmer!ury and use as batteries. :urthermore# the ship had the !apa!ity to store air sothat it !ould remain at the depths of the sea for as long as the !aptain +ished.

    Captain Nemo then sho+ed %ronna/ his ama?ing dinghy# +hi!h he !ould useunder+ater and form +hi!h he !ould telegraph the Nautilus +hen he +anted to bepi!ed up. $n the it!hen %ronna/ learned that that all of the !ooing +as done byele!tri!ity as +ell. The engine room +as brightly lit and %ronna/ !uriously e/aminedit. till# he +as fraught +ith the 2uestion of ho+ ele!tri!ity !ould be so po+erful.

    &'#T!" 1 # Fe; Figures4

    Summar=a! in the dra+ing room# Captain Nemo oers %ronna/ a blueprint of the ship in aneort to ans+er his 2uestions. $n this se!tion# Captain Nemo e/plains the spe!i"!dimensions of the ship. The men !ontinue in a s!ienti"! dis!ussion of measurements

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    and elements that ae!t the travel of the ship. Captain Nemo e/plains ho+ he!onstru!ted the Nautilus+ith great enthusiasm.%ronna/ dis!overs that Nemo +as an engineer +ho studied throughout the +orld. *e+as able to eep the !onstru!tion of the vessel a se!ret by re!eiving ea!h of the partsfrom dierent pla!es a!ross the globe and ordering them under dierent names. *is+orshop +as a small desert island. -pon %ronna/0s 2uestioning# Nemo tells him thathe is very# very ri!h ri!her than %ronna/0s beloved :ran!e.

    &'#T!" 164The Alac: "iver4Summar

     This !hapter begins +ith a dis!ussion of the vastness of the sea and ho+ every periodof geologi!al history has been a period of "re follo+ed by a period of +ater. %t "rstthere +as nothing but the o!ean.

    Captain Nemo taes %ronna/ to the surfa!e to determine their lo!ation5 they are othe !oast of Eapan. %ronna/ observes that +ith nothing in sight# the sea is lie a vastdesert. ,hen Captain Nemo retires# leaving %ronna/ to his studies# %ronna/ istroubled by the identity of the !aptain and his hatred for humanity.

    ,hile %ronna/ +as observing ho+ the Nautilus +as about to !ross the =la! iver#Ned >and and Conseil appeared. %ronna/ tried to !onvin!e >and that it +as best notto try to es!ape and >and argued that they +ere in a metal prison. Eust then the!eiling +ent dar and panels began moving to reveal the sea through t+o oval shaped+indo+s. The men +ere ama?ed by +hat they sa+.

    ,hen >and e/pressed !onfusion about +here the "sh +ere# Conseil ased +hy he!ared# sin!e he did not no+ about "sh. >and !laimed he did no+ about them sin!ehe +as a "sherman. Conseil said >and +as a iller of "sh# and did not no+ ho+ to!lassify them. The men !ontinued the debateea!h no+ing about dierent aspe!ts of 

    "sh.

    &'#T!" 15 #

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     This se!tion allo+s for a !loser loo at Captain Nemo5 yet# the reader still no+s verylittle about him. ,hile he de!orates the vessel lavishly# his o+n room is bare andaustere. $t is possible that he is punishing himself for something. *is room may beinterpreted as a symbol of the Captain himself; his e/terior (the e/travagantlyde!orated ship) is !ommanding and intimidatinghis interior (his room) is hollo+# andlonely.

     This se!tion also illuminates ho+ the Nautilus fun!tions. Captain Nemo has harnesseds!ienti"! dis!overy and breathroughs to !reate this in!redible vessel. The readermust re!all the horror this ship has already !aused# and the many lives that have beenlost be!ause of it. %s the boo !ontinues it be!omes apparent that the ship also hasdone many good things and is of immense value to humanity +hen properly used.

     This is another reo!!urring theme in the novel; s!ien!e0s potential for disaster. Thisnovel +as +ritten in 187D in the midst of +idespread s!ienti"! dis!overy andadvan!ement. This advan!ement +as a!!ompanied +ith the underlying fear of theunno+n.

     The mysterious mood of the novel is seen in the marvels the men en!ounter that +ere

    previously unno+n. They are truly in un!harted +aters.

    &'#T!" 18 #n !Bcursion *ver )he lains4SummarNed >and did not +ant to +ear one of the frog suits# and +as dis!ouraged by the ideaof hunting under+ater. Conseil said he +ould follo+ +herever his master +ent. &n!ethe men suited up they +ere released onto the o!ean Hoor. -pon entering the +ater#the heavy e2uipment be!ame +eightless and the men moved freely. unlightpenetrated the +ater and reHe!ted o of the perfe!t sand. %ronna/ marveled at thevariety of sea life. %ronna/ observed ho+ sound +as felt more strongly be!ause +ateris a greater !ondu!tor of sound than air.

    &'#T!" 19 #n Under;a)er Fores)4Summar%ppro/imately and hour and a half after having entered the +ater# the men rea!hedthe forest that Captain Nemo !onsidered his o+n. The forest +as !omprised of hugeplantlie trees that %ronna/ had never seen before. %ronna/ +as ama?ed at ho+everything stood perfe!tly straight. %ll that %ronna/ missed +as !onversation. *e +assurprised not to be hungry after their four hour e/!ursion5 he +as only very tired.

     The men en!ountered a monstrous sea spider# +hi!h Nemo0s !ompanion illed. The

    monster made %ronna/ +eary of +hat else he might meet. The men !ontinued toventure into the forest# +hen it got too dar they simply s+it!hed on their lights.,hen they rea!hed land# Captain Nemo stopped them suddenly. *e refused to go anyfarther. &n the +ay ba! Nemo illed a sea otter5 an animal that +ould have sold for agood pri!e on land. $t had be!ome very rare. The !ompanion later illed a large bird#an albatross.

    uddenly# Nemo and his !ompanion pushed %ronna/ and Conseil do+n into a brush ofsea+eed# and laid do+n +ith them. % !ouple of shars s+am dangerously !lose to themen. :ortunately# the shars !ould not see +ell and they +ere safe.

    &'#T!" 1= Four Thousand Leagues Under )he aciCc4Summar

     The ne/t morning %ronna/ returned to the platform of the vessel5 on!e again# the seamen uttered their daily phrase. $t o!!urred to %ronna/ that this foreign phrase mightmean# 3There is nothing in sight.4 ,hen he looed out at the o!ean# he sa+ nothing.

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    %ronna/ observed the presen!e of some t+enty sailors# all from various Auropeannations. They spoe to ea!h other in the same strange language that %ronna/ !ouldnot understand.

    %ronna/ +as startled by Captain Nemo0s sudden dis!ussion of the personality of thesea. %ronna/ !ould not believe the !aptain did not prefa!e his statements +ith 3goodday4 or 3good morning.4 The !aptain !ontinued his dis!ourse on the o!ean and begandis!ussing tropi!al and polar +aters. %ronna/ +as outraged by the thought that Nemomight a!tually try to venture to the poles. Captain Nemo then 2ui??ed %ronna/ on thedepth of the seas# +hi!h Nemo said he +ould prove +ere mu!h deeper.

    $n the +ees that follo+ed# %ronna/ rarely sa+ Nemo and spent mu!h of his time +ith>and and Conseil. The men spent their days taling# reading# and observing themarvelous sea life that s+am before the vie+ing stations in the salon. &ne dayConseil interrupted %ronna/0s reading to sho+ him something astonishing. There +asa sunen ship outside the Nautilus. There +ere bodies on board the shipsailors# a+oman and her !hild. The men +at!hed as shars headed to+ard the bodies andthe Nautilus !ir!led the ship.

    &'#T!" 1? Vani:oro4Summar%s the Nautilus entered more populated seas# the men sa+ more and moreunder+ater destru!tion; sunen ships# !annon balls# an!hors. They !ontinued to

     journey south east and en!ountered various islands and under+ater life.

    %t the end of e!ember# they arrived at the island anioro. -pon arrival# %ronna/re!ounted the apparently +ell no+n tale of >a Mrouse0s ship +re!. $n 178F >ouis$ sent this e/plorer to !ir!umnavigate the globe. $n 17K1 the :ren!h governmentbe!ame !on!erned that >a Mrouse had not returned and sent t+o +arships after him.

     The +arships did not "nd them# despite reports of ship+re!s. %nother man# illon#found the ship+re! at anioro. *e brought remains of the ship+re! ba! to Charles. The man +ho +as originally sent to sear!h for >a Mrouse +ent to anioro +hen heheard rumors of the ship+re! being dis!overed. *e persuaded the natives of theisland to tell him about the ship+re!. *e learned that >a Mrouse had built smallervessels but they had also +re!ed. *e did not no+ +here.

    -pon hearing %ronna/0s version of this tale# Captain Nemo "nished the unno+nending. The men !reated the se!ond group of smaller vessels and made it to theolomon $slands# but perished bet+een the Capes of e!eption and atisfa!tion.

    Captain Nemo had dis!overed papers in the ship +re! that e/plained the tale.&'#T!" 20 Torres S)rai)4Summar&n Eanuary 1# Conseil approa!hed %ronna/ on the platform and +ished him a *appyNe+ Bear. %ronna/ ased +hether Conseil thought they +ould be released from theirimprisonment that year. Conseil did not no+ +hat to say only that he did not no+ho+ it all +ould end. Conseil remared that Ned >and# a positive spirit and %ngloa/on# needed meat and brandy to be happy.

    &ne day# on the platform# the men observed Captain Nemo steering the vessel to+ard

    the Torres trait. They thought he had gone mad# as he +as headed full speed to thevast e/panse of sharp !oral. The Nautilus hit a reef and +as stu!. They +ould bestu! for four days until the tides +ere in their favor to !arry them a+ay. Conseil and>and +anted to go on land# and ased %ronna/ if he might as Nemo. Captain Nemo

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    gave his permission.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 18 7 20 The beginning of this se!tion presents some of the many une/plainable andin!onsistent aspe!ts of this tale. The men be!ome +eightless in their frog suits +henthey enter the +aterthis is a true s!ienti"! fa!t. *o+ever# in the beginning of thestory %ronna/ and Conseil +ere 3+eighted4 do+n by their !lothing. %ronna/ tals ofho+ the sunlight shone on the o!ean Hoor ho+ is this possibleO ,here does the outbreathing tube on the diving apparatus goO ,here are the bathrooms onthe Nautilus!!where does the +aste goO

    Nemo !ontinues to a!t strangely# and is not seen by the narrator for +ees.'ysterious things !ontinue to o!!ur. The men +itness a sunen ship +ith deadpassengers on board. The Nautilus !ir!les the ship. The reader must !onsider thepossibility that the vessel is responsible for this atta!# as it has atta!ed many otherships.

    &'#T!" 21 # Fe; .as on Land4Summar,hen the men "nally go on land# it has been t+o months that they have been3passengers of the Nautilus.( %lthough# as the narrator observes# they have reallybeen prisoners. The men e/plore the island# looing for food not available on thevesselfruit# vegetable# and meat. They "nd !o!onuts# a breadfruit tree# and a varietyof fruits.

    >and# intent on hunting some ind of meat# tries !apturing parrots# but to no avail.Conseil is able to ill t+o birds# and the men eat them for lun!h. Conseil also !at!hes a3bird of paradise4 for %ronna/. This +as not a diJ!ult feat# sin!e the bird +as drun

    on nutmeg. >and and Conseil enthusiasti!ally ill a boar and angaroos.

    &'#T!" 22 &ap)ain Nemo@s Ligh)ening4Summar%s the men are dis!ussing going ba! to the Nautilus or staying# they are hit +ith astone. The island natives approa!h them +ith stones and bo+s and arro+s and seemvery hostile. They are able to es!ape into their small boat and ba! tothe Nautilus. %ronna/ tries to alert Captain Nemo about the 3savages4 be!ause he isafraid they may try to !ome to the vessel. Nemo merely says that savages are foundevery+here on land# and these men are no +orse.

    %ronna/ !ontinues to observe the apuans from the platform and noti!es they aregro+ing in number and !oming !loser to the Nautilus. %ronna/ is slightly uneasybe!ause the hat!hes of the Nautilus are open and the native !ould invade the ship. %sthe natives !ontinue to approa!h the vessel# they invite %ronna/ to !ome to shore. *ede!lines.

    %ronna/ dredges the +ater for shells and +hen Conseil says the natives seemharmless# %ronna/ reminds him they are !annibals. Conseil says one !an be a!annibal and a good fello+ all the same. %ronna/ and Conseil are thrilled by thedis!overy of an abnormal shell. *o+ever# they are devastated +hen it is broen by the

    stone of a native. Conseil# in turn# "red a shot at the native from his gun# breaing thenative0s bra!elets.

     The natives advan!e to+ard the vessel and "re arro+s at it. %ronna/ and Conseiles!ape do+n the hat!h to tell Captain Nemo. Nemo !losed the hat!hes and remained

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    very !alm. %ronna/ +as afraid that the ne/t day# +hen they had to open the hat!hesfor air# the natives +ould invade. Nemo still +as unshaen. Nemo be!omes upset +ith%ronna/ +hen he mentions that the Nautilus is run aground. Nemo sharply repliesthat it is not and that it +ill be prepared to leave tomorro+ at @;LD p.m.

     The ne/t day# before departing# Nemo ordered the hat!hes open. ,hen the apuanstried to enter# they +ere thro+n ba! by some invisible for!e. %pparently# Nemo usedthe metal stair!ases leading to the hat!hes as a metal !ondu!tor of ele!tri!itysho!ing anyone +ho dare enter. The apuans retreated and the Nautilus sailed a+ayas planned.

    &'#T!" 2 Dgrie Somnia4SummarCaptain Nemo tells %ronna/ of his various e/periments +ith +ater density andtemperature. %ronna/# >and and Conseil are ama?ed +hen they enter# far belo+ thesurfa!e of the sea# an area of phosphores!en!e.

    &ne morning# just +hen life on the Nautilus began to feel normal# a strange thing

    happened. &n the platform# %ronna/ did not hear the typi!al phrase from the !re+ to+hi!h he had gro+n a!!ustomed. $nstead# +hen he looed up he sa+ land. ,hen%ronna/ tried to loo through his teles!ope# Captain Nemo gre+ angry. *e +as a mu!hdierent Nemo. Nemo +as not angry +ith %ronna/# but +as !onsumed by a hatredprodu!ed by something on the shore. Captain Nemo told %ronna/ that he and his!ompanions had to be lo!ed up until further noti!e.

     The men o!!upied their original !ell and ate lun!h. ,hen the meal +as "nished# thelights of the vessel suddenly +ent out. Then# they fell asleepsleeping tablets hadbeen put in their food.

    &'#T!" 26 The &oral Eingdom4Summar

     The ne/t morning the men a+oe to "nd they had been pla!ed into their beds. They+ere on!e again free to move about the !abin. ,hen %ronna/ "nally sees Nemo# heseems distra!ted and depressed. Nemo ass %ronna/ if he is a do!tor# sin!e he no+smany of his !olleagues +ere. %ronna/ says that he +as for a +hile before he joinedthe museum. Nemo ass him to loo at a +ounded !re+man.

     The man0s injuries are terrible. *is brain is e/posed and he is approa!hing death.%ronna/ is surprised to see Nemo !ry +hen %ronna/ tells him the man +ill die.

     The ne/t day Nemo ass the men to go on another under+ater e/!ursion. This timethey go to the !oral ingdom# +here among the !oral Nemo0s men bury the deadmanin an under+ater !emetery.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 21 7 26$n this se!tion %ronna/# Conseil and >and en!ounter savages. $n the 1Kth !entury#savages +ere people +ho did not live in +hat many Auropeans (and many people ofAuropean des!ent) believed +as a !ivili?ed manner. This meant that the people didnot +ear ,estern !lothes# or live in the same types of houses as +esterners# or follo+the same so!ial proto!ol.

    $n these !hapters +e e/perien!e a ne+ and evil side of Nemo. *e drugs the men intosleep. $t is apparent from the dead !re+ member that something horrible hashappened. *o+ever# +e also see Nemo !ry at the man0s death. Nemo is an e/!ellente/ample of a round !hara!ter. *e is multifa!eted. *is many sides in!lude !apa!ity for

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    !ompassion# mali!e# sorro+# and joy. %t the !on!lusion of art $$# the reader should bea+are that the Nautilus and Nemo are involved in something very sinister. %t the!on!lusion of this se!tion there is a de"nite brea in the relationship bet+een Nemoand %ronna/. %ronna/ previously believed in the possibility that Nemo +as amisunderstood s!ientist. *e revered Nemo0s genius. %fter the in!ident in +hi!h he +asdrugged and a man died# %ronna/ is !onvin!ed that Nemo has an evil underlyingpurpose of revenge. The ne/t se!tion begins +ith an air of fear and un!ertainty. The!aptain of this mysterious vessel !annot be trusted.

    ar) 2&'#T!" 1 The ndian *cean4Summar

     This !hapter begins +hat %ronna/ !alls the se!ond part of the voyage. %ronna/ no+believes there is more to Nemo than his role as just another misunderstood s!ientist.%ronna/ believes that Nemo is seeing some sort of revenge against manind# +ho hehates so passionately.

     The Nautilus spends many days traveling through the $ndian &!ean. %ronna/ thins

    they are approa!hing inhabited land and !onsiders ho+ he +ill have to end his time inthe vessel in order to help his friends es!ape. %s the vessel approa!hes $ndia Ned>and suggests they tae their leave from Captain Nemo5 $ndia is populated and they+ould be able to get home. %ronna/ argues that they +ill be heading to+ard Auropene/t and they should +ait until they are in their o+n seas to do anything.

    %ronna/ is happy to en!ounter the %rgonauta mollus that is supposed to be goodlu!. %lthough it is free to leave its shell# it never does. They Hoat through +aters that!ontain many dead bodiesthe dead of $ndia. %t the end of the !hapter# the ship sailsthrough a sea of mil. This +hite +ater is produ!ed by glo+ +orms belo+ the surfa!emany leagues +ide.

    &'#T!" 2 # Ne; Sugges)ion > &ap)ain Nemo4SummarCaptain Nemo suggests to %ronna/ that they go to the 9ulf of 'annar at ri >ana#+here men "sh for pearls. Nemo +arns %ronna/ that they +ill probably en!ountershars# but tells him not to fear. The !re+ is used to deal +ith shars# and they are funto hunt.

    >and and Conseil approa!h %ronna/# e/!ited about the up!oming adventure. Nemohas only told them of the pearls# not the shars. The men dis!uss pearls and theirvalue. Ned >and tells them ho+ he bought a pearl ne!la!e for his "an!Me# but shemarried another man. %ronna/ tells >and that the pearls he gave her +ere fae.

     The men turn to taling of "nding a great pearl# lie that of Captain Nemo0sdisplayedin a !ase. Non!halantly# %ronna/ ass the men if they +ould be frightened by shars.

     Though taen o guard# >and boasts his harpooning sills. Conseil # the ever faithfulmanservant# says that he +ill go any+here %ronna/ +ill go.

    &'#T!" # earl

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    ,hen %ronna/ ased for his gunto defend himself against sharsNemo gave him anife and told him he +as better o.

     The men sa+ ne+ and e/!iting life belo+ the surfa!e. Nemo led them to a submarine!rypt in +hi!h resided an oyster +eighing si/ hundred pounds. The +as a giant pearl#the si?e of a !o!onut# inside the oyster. Nemo +ould not let %ronna/ tou!h the pearl.=y leaving the pearl in the oyster# Nemo +as allo+ing it to gro+ even larger.

    >ater the men stopped to +at!h a diver !olle!ting oysters. ,hile the diver +as+oring# a shar !ame upon him and no!ed him out +ith its tail. =efore the shar!ould eat the diver# Captain Nemo atta!ed it +ith his nife. Nemo and the sharbattled# until the shar no!ed Nemo to the ground. Ned >and sprung to a!tion andilled the shar +ith his harpoon. &n!e freed# Nemo +ent to the $ndian diver andbrought him to the surfa!e# saving his life. ,hen the man !ame to# Captain Nemogave him a string of pearls.

    =a! on the Nautilus, %ronna/ reHe!ted on the !aptain0s a!tions# noting that he +as

    not devoid of human emotion. ,hen he mentioned this to the !aptain# Nemo said thatthe $ndian +as his !ompatriot# a member of that oppressed !ountry.

    &'#T!" 6 The "ed Sea4SummarChapter four opens +ith a dis!ussion bet+een >and and %ronna/ of +here the vesselis headed. %ronna/ does not no+# nor does he seem to !are. *e is enjoying hisadventure aboard the Nautilus, and notes that lie Nemo# he has be!ome a fanati!.>and grumbles that they have been imprisoned for three months.

    %ronna/ des!ribes the s!ienti"! aspe!ts of the ed ea to the reader# and +onders

    +hy Nemo +ould head there# +hi!h is +here it seems they are goingalthough he isnot !riti!al of the !aptain0s de!ision at all. %ronna/ !ontinues to enjoy the sights of thesea through the vie+ing +indo+s in the salon.

    Captain Nemo joins %ronna/ in the salon and the men engage in a dis!ussion of thedangers of the ed ea# to +hi!h theNautilus is immune. %ronna/ is surprised to hearthey +ill be venturing into the 'editerranean the ne/t day# be!ause he no+s ho+ farthe Cape of 9ood *ope is from their present lo!ation. The !aptain tells %ronna/ thatthere is tunnel at the bottom of the sea that +ill allo+ them to pass out of the ed ea+ithout having to go to %fri!a at all. ,hen %ronna/ in2uires ho+ Nemo found this

    passage# Nemo tells him there !an be no se!rets bet+een people +ho are never topart. %ronna/ de!ides not to rea!t to Nemo0s statement. Nemo e/plains ho+ hereason there must be a tunnel by observing "sh spe!ies.

    &'#T!" 5 #ra>ian Tunnel4SummarNed >and is suspi!ious of the tunnel# be!ause he has never heard of it. &n the +ay tothe tunnel the men observe a dugong# a !urious and almost e/tin!t !reature. >and"rst instin!t +as to ill the !reature# be!ause he had never illed one lie it before.>and is interested in eating the !reature. Conseil suggests that be!ause it is so rare itshould be left alone# for the purposes of s!ien!e. >and believes it is more valuable for

    the purpose of eating. >and# Conseil and %ronna/ set out in the small boat to hunt the!reature.

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    -pon "rst try# >and barely injures the animal and it s+ims a+aythe boat !hases. Thedugong returns to the boat# atta!ing it. The boat nearly !apsi?es# but >and managesto ill the !reature.

     The ne/t day the Nautilus maes it through the %rabian Tunnel.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 1 7 5$n this se!tion the men hunt for pearls. $t is important to note Nemo0s !ultivation ofthe giant pearl. *e +ants to leave it undisturbed so that it +ill be!ome greater. This is

     ju/taposition +ith the Nautilus. The longer the vessel remains undis!overed the morepo+erful it be!omes. >ie the Nautilus, pearls have dierent inds of po+er. >ie >and#many men are interested in the "nan!ial gain they promise5 lie the divers# many risand lose their lives in pursuit of the pearls. *o+ever# the peals also have an aestheti!value. :or this value# %ronna/ pri?es them. imilarly# the Nautilus is used for good andevil. Through their e/perien!es on the ship# Captain Nemo and %ronna/ +ill be able tosigni"!antly !ontribute to the s!ienti"! !ommunity and bene"t manind. *o+ever# theship is also used to destroy humanity.

    ,hen Nemo saves the life of the diver# the reader e/perien!es yet another side of this!omple/ !hara!ter. *e seems intent on illing inno!ent people# but he saves this onelife. *e remars that this man is oppressed. $t seems there is a politi!al agenda toNemo0s madness. *e must be illing !ertain people.

    Ned >and !ontinues to re2uire tangible proof in order to believe something e/ists. *e!annot be !onvin!ed of the %rabian Tunnel until he e/perien!es it. *e# lie %ronna/#has a !ertain arrogan!e about him. *e does not thin something !an e/ist unless heno+s about it. ,hen >and en!ounters the dugong he must ill it be!ause he hasnever illed one before. %ronna/ +onders if they should leave it for the bene"t ofs!ien!e. >and !ontinues be a man of a!tion# +hile %ronna/ is mu!h more !erebral.

    &'#T!" 8 The Gree: slands4Summar-pon some urging# >and "nally believed they had !rossed through the tunnel and+ere in the 'editerranean ea# *e ased if the three men !ould tal 2uietly abouttheir 3business#4 es!aping. ierre %ronna/ did not +ish to leave the vessel. *ebelieved he +ould never again have su!h an opportunity to further his under+aterstudies# and +anted to !ontinue the entire voyage5 yet# he did not +ant to pre!ludehis friends0 freedom. ,hile Ned >and had enjoyed his time in the Nautilus, he believedhe !ould not fully appre!iate it until it +as through. Conseil believed that +hen they

    had seen all there +as to see# the !aptain +ould free them. %ronna/ disagreed. *ethought that sin!e the three men +ere privy to the se!rets of the vessel# CaptainNemo !ould not ris freeing them. >and began to !onvin!e %ronna/ that they mustsei?e the present opportunity to es!ape. Conseil refused to state an opinion about+hether they should leavehe said he +as al+ays in the servi!e of %ronna/. %ronna/"nally agreed +ith >and# be!ause he reali?ed that >and +as !orre!tthey !ould notdepend on Nemo to ever free them. =ut he +arned >and that their "rst opportunity toes!ape must be a real one and it must su!!eed be!ause if they failed Captain Nemo+ould never forgive them.

    % !urious in!ident o!!urred in the salon. %ronna/ thought he sa+ a ship +re!ed man#

    but +hen the man s+an to+ard the Nautilus the !aptain spoe to him through handsignals. Then# Nemo +aled over to a safe "lled +ith gold and sent it some+hereabove them. That night# the small boat too the safe some+here.

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     The ne/t day they found themselves traveling in boiling +ater. $t o!!urred to %ronna/that if they had tried to es!ape they +ould have been illed.

    &'#T!" 94The %edi)erranean in For)7!igh) 'ours4Summar$t +as impossible to es!ape the Nautilus +hile in the 'editerranean# as it +ent entirelytoo fast the entire time. Conseil and %ronna/ spent the entire time observing and!lassifying spe!ies. %fter t+o days# the ship emerged in the %tlanti! &!ean.

    &'#T!" = Vigo Aa4Summar-pon rea!hing the %tlanti!# >and de!ided to e/e!ute their plan of es!ape. *e !ame to%ronna/ and told him they +ould have to leave that night at Kpm.# +hile they +ereonly a fe+ miles o the panish !oast. >and made the preparations.

    :or the rest of the day %ronna/ +as over!ome +ith emotion. *e did not +ant to leavehis under+ater studies un"nished# espe!ially not the %tlanti!# +hi!h he !onsidered hiso!ean. *o+ever# he ne+ he must go. *e +andered around the museum that he loved

    so dearly. %ronna/ found Captain Nemo0s austere room empty and +ent in. *eobserved pi!tures on the +all of great men devoted to humanity# su!h as ,ashingtonand >in!oln. %ronna/ +ondered +hat Nemo might have in !ommon +ith these men.

    %t K p.m. %ronna/ +aited in the library for >and0s signal# as planned. *o+ever# henoti!ed a sudden slo+ing of the ship# and felt it sit at the o!ean0s bottom. The Nemoentered the library. Nemo ased %ronna/ if he ne+ his panish history. ,hen%ronna/ responded that he +as not that familiar +ith it# Nemo relayed a story thatended +ith a ship +re! in the igo =ay# the bay in +hi!h they +ere sitting. ,hen%ronna/ looed out into the +ater he sa+ divers !olle!ting the +ealth that +as left bythe +re!. Nemo told %ronna/ that it +as this ship+re! and the many others in the

    seas that made him a multi millionaire. %ronna/ remared that these ri!hes !ould bebetter used if they +ere properly distributed. This statement in!ensed Nemo +ho said+hy %ronna/ +ould thin that he ept them for himself. %ronna/ reali?ed then thatNemo +as still human# and that he +as using his ri!hes to help some poor andoppressed people.

    &'#T!" ? # Vanished &on)inen)4Summar%ronna/ re!ounted the events of the previous night to an angry# but still hopeful Ned>and. %t noon they !he!ed to see the position of the vesselit +as sailing a+ay fromAurope5 no land +as in sight.

    %ronna/ +as not very disappointed and began his regular studies. That evening Nemoased %ronna/ if he might lie to go on an e/!ursion at night time# sin!e he neverhad. *e +arned %ronna/ that the journey +ould be long and tiring. %ronna/ a!!epted.>and and Conseil +ere not ased to !ome. The !re+ did not go either.

    %fter a long +al # during +hi!h %ronna/ sa+ many ne+ and interesting things# themen arrived at a strange pla!e. There +as a vol!ano and "re. $t +as the lost !ity of%tlantis. %ronna/ +as thrilled.

    &'#T!" 104Under;a)er &oalmines4Summar'u!h to their surprise# the men en!ounter an under+ater !oalmine in an e/tin!tvol!ano. Nemo tells them that the vol!ano is his safe haven# +here no one +ill "nd

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    them and +here he does not have to fear hurri!anessu!h as in other ports. $n thisvol!ano# Nemo0s !re+ mine !oal to aid in the produ!tion of ele!tri!ity for the ship.

     The men are able to spend the day +aling around# as if on dry land (although as>and points out# they are really under dry land not on it). The o!ean tide beings torise# as does the lae inside the !averns they are e/ploring. The men are able toes!ape safely. ,hen the ship is resto!ed# they remain do!ed. %ronna/ +onders +hythey do not leave right a+ay.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 8 7 10Ned >and be!omes in!reasingly urgent for es!ape. 'ean+hile# %ronna/ is tornbet+een es!aping to help his friends and !ontinuing his journey under the sea. >and#+ho re2uires the e/perien!e of life "rst hand# !annot be !ontented lie %ronna/through observation and study. $t seems >and0s only real pleasures o!!ur +hen he isa!tually &artici&ating in something# su!h as hunting or e/ploring. >and and %ronna/are both interested in marine life. *o+ever# >and is interested in the !hallenge theypresent in being illed5 %ronna/ is interested in the !hallenge they present in beingunderstood.

    &n!e again# the reader is surprised by the revelation that Nemo !olle!ts and donatesgold to the underprivileged.

    &'#T!" 11 The Sargasso Sea4Summar

     This !hapter opens +ith a detailed e/planation of the argasso ea# +hi!h is a sea inthe middle of the %tlanti! &!ean that is !reated by the split in the 9ulf tream. Thesea !overs %tlantis# and is a veritable prairie land !onsisting of various grasses.

     The ships sails for eighteen days +ith little in!ident. %ronna/ thins about ho+ he

    might persuade Nemo to free them at the end of the journey. *e +onders if Nemomight a!!ept their oath to never spea of him. &ne day they are !hased by someboats +ho thin they are a +hale# but they dive belo+ the surfa!e so as to not +asterthe +halers0 time. %nother day# Nemo de!ides to go to the deepest part of the o!eanto mae observations. pe!ial pre!autions must be maes# sin!e this is a diJ!ult

     journey for even the Nautilus. Nemo and %ronna/ observe the sea life together as thevessel des!ends. Nemo photographs the s!ene for %ronna/. The ship 2ui!ly returnsto the surfa!e to avoid too mu!h e/posure to the pressure of the sea.

    &'#T!" 12 Sperm

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    hunter# not a but!her# and this massa!re +as the +or of but!hers. Nemo remarsthat he illed evil animals.

    %ronna/ observes that after this in!ident >and0s attitude to+ard Nemo deterioratedsigni"!antly.

    &'#T!" 1 The ce7&ap4Summar

     There is no+ in!reasing i!e in the sea as the head to+ard the polar i!e !ap. Travelbe!ame more and more diJ!ult as the Nautilus be!ame trapped in the i!e. &n!e theyrea!hed the polar i!e !ap# Ned >and is !ertain they !an go no farther. %ronna/# al+aysthe s!ientist# +ants to no+ +hat is beyond the +all. ,hen Captain Nemo ass%ronna/ +hat he thins of the present situation# %ronna/ responds that he thins theyare !aught. Nemo says %ronna/ only sees snags and obsta!les. *e pro!laims thatthe Nautilus +ill free itself and go farther. Nemo tells %ronna/ he plans to pass underthe i!e !ap.

     Throughout the night the vessel des!ends belo+ the i!e. Conseil and %ronna/ !an

    barely sleep. The ne/t day the Nautilus is free.

    &'#T!" 16 The Sou)h ole4Summar

     The men "nd a landmass among the i!e !aps# +hi!h they e/pe!ted be!ause i!e !aps!an only form along a !oast. They presume they are the "rst men ever to see this madbe!ause of ho+ impossible it is to get there. Captain Nemo is the "rst to step on theland. $n his typi!al fashion# %ronna/ !atalogues all the vegetation and animal life ofthis desolate !ontinent. Captain Nemo be!omes impatient +hen the sun +ill not rise.

     The men return to the ship +hen sno+ begins to fall.

    Conseil and %ronna/ return to the land another day +ithout >and or Nemo# ande/plore the territory. The ne/t day the men (in!luding Nemo but e/!luding >and)return to the land. The date is 'ar!h @1# the e2uino/. This is the last day the sun +illbe available for the ne/t si/ months. They must mae all of their observations no+. $fthe sun lined up +ith the summit of the land at noon# they !ould be !ertain they hadrea!hed the outh ole. %t noon# they reali?ed they had. %fter a long des!ription ofmany other su!h dis!overies# Nemo pla!ed a bla! Hag +ith a golden N on the land#naming it for himself.

    &'#T!" 15 #cciden) or nciden)4Summar&ne night# +hile leaving the outh ole# %ronna/ is a+aened by !onfusion on board.

     The ship +as turned on its side and motionless. *e observed !onfusion all around.,hen they "nally found Captain Nemo he told them that by a!!ident the ship had runaground. %n i!eberg slid under the ship. They +ere emptying the pumps of the vesselto try to free it.

     They spent a "tful night trying to free the Nautilus from its entrapment. ,hen itseemed they +ere free# there +as another !ollision. $t seemed they +ere trapped.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 11 7 15

    Ned >and distinguishes himself from Captain Nemo during the in!ident in +hi!hthe Nautilus slays numerous +hales. >and !alls Nemo a but!her. This sho+s that +hile>and enjoys the sport on hunting animals# he does not believe in torturing them# andhe al+ays does it +ith a purpose; to eat or to mae a living. Nemo seems to enjoyilling inno!ent !reatures for the pleasure of it.

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    Nemo0s e/!ursion to the outh ole seems to be another e/ample of his propensityto+ard madness. *e apparently goes +ith the intention of being the "rst to !laim theterritory# yet he seems to disregard the obvious and grave ris of human life.

    &'#T!" 18 No) !nough #ir4SummarCaptain Nemo tells the men that there are t+o +ays of dying in their presentsituation; being !rushed5 being asphy/iated. :ood is not an issue be!ause they havegenerous provisions. Nemo0s strategy is to send his divers to !ut through the i!ebergat its least thi! point. The men tae turns helping !ut through the i!e. %s they dugthrough# %ronna/ noti!es the added danger of the on!e !ollapsing on them on!e thehole is dug through.

     The !aptain de!ides to emit boiling +ater from the jets of the Nautilus to slo+ thefree?ing. The men begin to gro+ tired# suering from o/ygen deprivation. uddenly#the Nautilus be!omes free. The plan +ored.

    &'#T!" 19 From &ape 'orn )o )he #maon4Summar The men rushed to the platform as soon as the Nautilus surfa!ed# breathing in deepgulps of air. %ronna/ thaned the other to+ men for saving him. ,hen >and said he+as simple arithmeti!# that %ronna/0s life +as +orth more than theirs# %ronna/ saidthis +as not true. The men returned to their tal of leaving# thining of ho+ theymight es!ape.

     The ne/t fe+ pages are "lled +ith %ronna/0s observations of "sh and sea as the shipsails north. *e spends his days studying and reading. &ne day Conseil# unno+ingly#lifted a dangerous torpedo "sh and be!ame paraly?ed for a fe+ moments. That

    evening they ate the "sh out of revenge.

    &'#T!" 1= Suid4Summar%s the men sail far o the %meri!an !oast they !onsider ho+ they might leave thevessel. They are not sure that it is possible. >and suggests that %ronna/ as Nemooutright if he plans on freeing them. %ronna/ thins this is a bad idea. *e has noti!eda !hange in Nemo# +ho seems to be avoiding him. Nemo no longer visits %ronna/ inthe salon# nor does he e/plain the under+ater adventure any longer. %ronna/ doesnot thin it is a good idea to as Nemo about their freedom# be!ause he is !ertainNemo has no intentions of restoring it. :urthermore# he does not +ant to arouse anysuspi!ion about their impending es!ape. %ronna/ is also ready to return to thesurfa!e5 he no+ feels he has enough information for a !omplete boo and does not+ant this information to be buried +ith him.

    &ne night the dis!ussion turns to s2uid# as the men +at!h them through theobservation +indo+s. >and# in his typi!al fashion# does not believe in the e/isten!e ofthe giant s2uid be!ause he has not ever disse!ted one. uddenly# the vessel stops.Captain Nemo enters the salon and loos out the +indo+s. *e tells the men that as2uid has gotten !aught in the ship0s propeller. They +ill surfa!e and "ght o thes2uid +ith a/es sin!e ele!tri! bullets !an not ill them (they do not oer enough

    resistan!e to the bullet to allo+ an e/plosion to o!!ur).

     The men open the hat!hes of the ship and are atta!ed by the s2uid. %s a sailor is!arried a+ay and suo!ated by a s2uid# he !alls out in :ren!h. %ronna/ is sho!ed#sin!e all he had ever heard them spea is the strange language that he does not

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    understand. The men thin they have almost freed the poor sailor +hen the s2uidreleases a bla! li2uid# temporarily blinding everyone. The s2uid !arries the sailora+ay. Captain Nemo saves Ned >and from a similar fate. ,hen the battle is over#Nemo loos at the sea in +hi!h the sailor is lost and !ries.

    &'#T!" 1? The Gul3 S)ream4Summar:or ten days the Nautilus sails at random# reHe!ting the sad mood of Nemo. %s theship travels north in the 9ulf tream# the men loo for an opportunity for es!ape. Theyare only thirty miles o the %meri!an !oast and !onsistently en!ounter steamers#+hi!h they are sure +ill pi! them up upon es!ape. -nfortunately# the +eather turnsvery badtoo bad to sail in a small boat. Ned >and tells %ronna/ no+ that they +ere inhis shores he +ould tal +ith the !aptain. *e fears they +ill head to the North oleand repeat the in!ident at the outh ole. :earing >and +ould a!t rashly and ruin their!han!es# %ronna/ oers to tal +ith the !aptain himself.

    %ronna/ goes to the !aptains room# obviously disturbing him. The !aptain ass for thesame freedom he grants to %ronna/5 the freedom to remain alone. Captain Nemo

    sho+s %ronna/ the manus!ript he is +riting. *e tells him it !ontains the se!rets of hislife and his dis!overies in the sea. The plan is for the last man living on the ship totoss it into the +aves# so the se!rets +ill not die. %ronna/ tells Nemo that he thinshis plan is !rude# be!ause he does not no+ that the manus!ript +ill be found. *e tellsthe !aptain that he and his !ompanions +ill tae the manus!ript and eep it a se!retin e/!hange for their freedom. %ronna/ ass the !aptain if he ever plans on freeingthem. The !aptain says that he +ho enters the Nautilus must remain there. ,hen%ronna/ !omplains that this is slavery# Nemo says he has never s+orn them to anoath. Nemo then says he +ill not spea of this a se!ond time. -pon hearing of Nemo0srea!tion# Ned >and says they must try to es!ape +hen they get to >ong $sland+hatever the +eather.

    % storm breas the day they rea!h >ong $sland. The Nautilus remains above the +ater.Nemo stands on the platform defying the storm. %s the terrifying hurri!ane !ontinuesat the surfa!e# the Nautilus returns belo+ the sea# +here no sign of the hurri!ane ispresent.

    &'#T!" 20 69H 26@N, 19H 2=@and+ondered if theNautilus +ould dare to enter the Anglish Channel. Captain Nemoappeared again# somber and distra!ted. &ne evening# the Nautilus sin to the sea0sbottom yet again# ne/t to a ship +re!. Captain Nemo told %ronna/ the story of ho+the ship sun bravely in battle. The ship +as !alled the )engeur.

    N*T!S #N. #N#L$SS *F &'#T!"S 18 7 20%t the outh ole# +hen it seems that death is imminent# Captain Nemo treats theidea non!halantly. *e seems more !on!erned that his proje!t +ill failthatthe Nautilus is not as po+erful as he believedthan the idea that he and the menmight die.

    :ollo+ing this event# the need to es!ape be!omes more pronoun!ed. Aven %ronna/#+ho until this point has thought ho+ he might reason +ith the !aptain# is beginning tothin a!tion is ne!essary. %ronna/ is !hanging and allo+ing himself to rely more on hise/perien!e +ith real life than +ith his ability to rationali?e.

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    &n!e again# Nemo sho+s !ompassion +hen he is moved by the death of an inno!ent!re+member by the s2uid. $t seems that Nemo does value human life to an e/tentand that his revenge is politi!ally motivated.

     Throughout this tale Nemo tells many stories. This te!hni2ue is no+n as a framestorytelling a tale +ithin a tale. &ften# in this novel# the tale +ithin the tale is used toprefa!e an e/!ursion (e.g. the story of %tlantis). *o+ever# in this se!tion Nemo0s taleof the sining of the )engeur is foreshado+ing. :oreshado+ing is +hen the author+rites something that +arns the reader of something similar to !ome later. $n :ren!hvengeur means avengersomeone seeing revenge. The premise of Nemo0s life onthe Nautilus seems to be revenge. ,hen he dis!usses ho+ the)engeur sun heroi!allyin battle# he is foreshado+ing his o+n demise.

    &'#T!" 21 # %assacre4Summar%ronna/ observes the !aptain as he tells the story of the ship+re! and de!ides that itis a deep and unusual hatred that !on"nes him to the Nautilus. %t the end of his storythere is a small e/plosion. %ronna/ ra!es to the platform and "nds a !annon has been

    "red. The !annon has been "red from a +arship# though they !annot tell +hat theship0s nationality is. Ned >and suggests that if the ship !omes +ithin one mile# theyshould thro+ themselves into the sea. The +arship !ontinues to "re at the vessel and%ronna/ be!omes !onvin!es that Nemo has been using the Nautilus for revenge. >and+aves a hander!hief in hopes the men on the +arship +ill no+ he is an honest man.Captain Nemo sees him and thro+s him to the ground. Nemo0s physi!al appearan!ehas be!ome terrifying. *e is pale and angry. The !aptain then raises his Hag. *e yellsat the men to go do+n to their !ell be!ause he +ill sin the +ar ship.

    %ronna/ later returns to Nemo +ho tells him that 3they4 the !ountry to +hi!h the+arship belongsare the oppressors and the reason he has lost everything he on!e

    had. ,hen %ronna/ sees >and# he tells him they must es!ape. They +ait for night fall.

    Nemo remains on the platform all night. ,hen the !han!e "nally !omes for the men toes!ape# the Nautilus begins to des!end belo+ the sea again. They lose their !han!e.

     The Nautilus sins the +arship. %ronna/ +at!hes as it sins to the bottom.

    %ronna/ +at!hes Nemo +al into his room. *e noti!es a portrait of a +oman and t+osmall !hildren. Nemo rea!hes for it and breas into sobs.

    &'#T!" 22 &ap)ain Nemo@s Las)

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