2020thth Century India Century IndiaRags to RichesRags to Riches

Pre-WWIIPre-WWIIHad been run Had been run

by Brits for by Brits for 200+ years200+ years–100,000 Brits 100,000 Brits controlled controlled 450 million 450 million Indians!Indians!

The Crown JewelThe Crown JewelBritish East British East

India Company India Company saw India as saw India as money makermoney maker–Indian Indian Textiles and Textiles and SpicesSpices

Benefits of UK ruleBenefits of UK ruleMedicine, Medicine,

transportation, transportation, communication communication education and education and democracydemocracy

Drawbacks to UK RuleDrawbacks to UK RuleLoss of Loss of

culture, 30 culture, 30 million die million die from crop from crop changeschanges

Early Efforts at IndependenceEarly Efforts at Independence

Sepoy RebellionSepoy RebellionIndian National Indian National

Congress (1885) Congress (1885) formed formed Congress PartyCongress Party–Muslim make Muslim make Muslim League Muslim League in 1906in 1906

Enter Mohandas GandhiEnter Mohandas GandhiCivil Civil

DisobedienceDisobedienceHindu Hindu

NationalistNationalist

Effects of Effects of WWIIWWII

Britain used Indian Britain used Indian Troops without Troops without seeking Congress seeking Congress Party approvalParty approval–Fuels Separatist Fuels Separatist Fires…Fires…

After the war, UK After the war, UK cost of empire too cost of empire too much…much…

Independence and PartitionsIndependence and PartitionsJuly 16, 1947July 16, 1947Two new states Two new states

created, Hindu created, Hindu India and Muslim India and Muslim East and West East and West PakistanPakistan–Mass relocation Mass relocation through India…through India…

–VIOLENCEVIOLENCE

More Violence and a MartyrMore Violence and a MartyrOver 1 million Over 1 million

dead in ethnic dead in ethnic cleansingscleansings

Jan. 30, 1948 Jan. 30, 1948 Gandhi Gandhi assassinated by assassinated by Hindu Hindu Nationalist for Nationalist for supporting supporting partition : (partition : (

The New Nations and Peace???The New Nations and Peace???

Jawaharlal Jawaharlal Nehru, a secular Nehru, a secular Hindu, and Hindu, and Mohammad Ali Mohammad Ali Jinnah, a Muslim, Jinnah, a Muslim, become the first become the first leaders for each leaders for each countrycountry

Walking Through Kashmir… DUCK!Walking Through Kashmir… DUCK!Hindu governor Hindu governor

brought Muslim brought Muslim population into India population into India at the partition.at the partition.–BOTH SIDES WANT BOTH SIDES WANT IT…WAR!IT…WAR!

–Still at odds… and Still at odds… and NUCLEAR POWERSNUCLEAR POWERS

A Free IndiaA Free IndiaTo aid poor, Nehru To aid poor, Nehru

turns to Socialismturns to Socialism–Economy weak, Economy weak, population on population on the rise…the rise…

–Tried to help Tried to help lower castes andlower castes andStressed industryStressed industry

–Made movement Made movement to counter bi-to counter bi-polar worldpolar world

                                    

Indira GandhiIndira Gandhi1966: Nehru’s 1966: Nehru’s

daughter electeddaughter electedPopulation growth Population growth

hurting economyhurting economyViolent Sikh Violent Sikh

separatists attackseparatists attack–6/84 -Raid on the 6/84 -Raid on the Golden TempleGolden Temple

–500 Dead500 Dead

Another Dead GandhiAnother Dead Gandhi

Two Sikh Two Sikh bodyguards bodyguards killed her in killed her in retaliationretaliation

Another Gandhi, er, NehruAnother Gandhi, er, NehruRajiv Gandhi, son of Rajiv Gandhi, son of

Indira, in powerIndira, in powerBrings capitalism Brings capitalism

(and corruption?)(and corruption?)–Bombed for Bombed for economic changeseconomic changes

–Irony – these Irony – these changes saved changes saved India…India…

The Good, the Bad and the UglyThe Good, the Bad and the UglyWorld’s largest World’s largest

democracydemocracyExcellent Excellent

economic growtheconomic growth

Still split by Still split by ethnic and ethnic and religious factionsreligious factions

Terrible povertyTerrible poverty