20 Questions Answers IP Routing

7/21/2019 20 Questions Answers IP Routing

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Ericsson certifcation – IP Routing: Time: 30 mins Total questions: 21Passing Score: 14

QUESTI! 1" #ac$et is t%e #rotocol &ata unit 'or (%ic% la)er o' t%e SI mo&el*

"+ !et(or$,+ Presentation-+ Session.+ .ata /in$E+ "##lication

"ns(er: "

E#lanation:SI o&el.ata unit /a)er unctionost .ata + "##lication !et(or$ #rocess to la)ers a##lication

5+ Presentation .ata re#resentation an& encr)#tion

6+ Session Inter%ost communicationSegment 4+ Trans#ort En&7to7en& connections an& relia8ilit)e&ia Pac$et 3+ !et(or$ Pat% &etermination la)ers an& logical a&&ressingrame 2+ .ata /in$ P%)sical a&&ressing9"- //-;,it 1+ P%)sical e&ia< signal an& 8inar) transmission

QUESTI! 2"s &ata #asses &o(n(ar& t%roug% t%e la)ers o' t%e SI mo&el< it is enca#sulate& into =arious 'ormats+>%ic% o' t%e 'ollo(ing is t%e correct or&er o' enca#sulation 'rom to# to 8ottom o' t%e SI mo&el*

"+ ,it< 'rame< #ac$et< segment,+ Segment< #ac$et< 'rame< 8it-+ Segment< 'rame< #ac$et< 8it.+ ,it< #ac$et< 'rame< segmentE+ !one o' t%e ot%er alternati=es a##l)

"ns(er: ,

E#lanation: T%e SI is t%e #en S)stem Interconnection re'erence mo&el 'or communications+ T%e SI re'erence mo&econsists o' se=en la)ers< eac% o' (%ic% can %a=e se=eral su8la)ers+ T%eu##er la)ers o' t%e SI re'erence mo&el &efne 'unctions 'ocuse& on t%e a##lication< (%ile t%e lo(er t%reela)ers &efne 'unctions 'ocuse& on en&7to7en& &eli=er) o' t%e &ata+

QUESTI! 3>%ic% #rotocol 8elo( uses T-P #ort 443 at la)er 4*

"+ T/,+ TTPS-+ TTP.+ TelnetE+ STP+ !one o' t%e ot%er alternati=es a##l)

"ns(er: ,



E#lanation:TTPS is t%e secure& =ersion o' t%e TTP a##lication< (%ic% normall) uses 12? 8it SS/ encr)#tion to securet%e in'ormation sent an& recei=e& on a (e8 #age+ "n eam#le is a 8an$ing (e8 site< or a trust(ort%)s%o##ing (e8 site t%at ta$es cre&it car& in'ormation+ It is an a##lication la)er #rotocol (%ic% uses T-P #ort443+Incorrect "ns(ers:"+ T/ is not a #rotocol+-+ TTP uses U.P #ort 5@+.+ Telnet uses T-P #ort 23+E+ STP uses T-P #ort 26+

QUESTI! 4"s a net(or$ tec%nician< )ou (ill 8e e#ecte& to $no( t%e SI mo&el =er) (ell+ >%ic% o' t%e 'ollo(ing areassociate& (it% t%e a##lication la)er 9la)er ; o' t%e SI mo&el* 9-%oose t(o;

"+ T-P,+ Telnet-+ TP.+ PingE+ IP+ U.P

"ns(er: ,-

E#lanation: T%e a##lication la)er is t%e to# la)er o' t%e SI mo&el an& is use& to &escri8e t%e en& user a##licationst%at can 8e use& o=er a net(or$+/a)er !ame Eam#les "##lication 9la)er ; Telnet< TTP< TP< >>> 8ro(sers< !S< STP gate(a)s< S!PIncorrect "ns(ers:"+ T-P resi&es at la)er 4+.+ "RP is a 'unction o' t%e &ata lin$ la)er< (%ic% is la)er 2+E+ IP is use& at la)er 3 9net(or$ la)er;+

QUESTI! 6 T%e net(or$ a&ministrator uses telnet to access t%e net(or$ routers+ >%at are t(o c%aracteristics o' t%etelnet a##lication* 9-%oose t(o;

"+ It requires an enter#rise license in or&er to 8e im#lemente&+,+ It is more secure t%an SS+-+ It is no longer su##orte& on -isco net(or$ &e=ices+.+ It sen&s &ata in clear tet 'ormat+E+ It requires t%at t%e &estination &e=ice 8e confgure& to su##ort Telnet connections++ Telnet encr)#ts t%e #a)loa&

"ns(er: .E

E#lanation: Telnet is use& to login on remote &e=ice i+e Router< S(itc% etc+ Telnet is consi&ere& to 8e an insecure tool8ecause it sen&s t%e &ata in clear tet 'ormat+ SS 9Secure S%ell; is t%e secure tool t%at s%oul& 8e use&

(%ene=er #ossi8le< (%ic% maintains secure communication an& encr)#te& traAc+ T%e &estination &e=ice s%oul& 8e confgure& to su##ort telnet connections+ n a -isco &e=ice< t%at is &one8) setting t%e line =t) #ass(or&+ "n eam#le confguration is:Router9-onfg;Bline =t) 0 4Router9-onfg7line;B#ass(or& ciscoRouter9-onfg7line;Btrans#ort in#ut telnetRouter9-onfg7line;Blogin



QUESTI! 5>%ic% o' t%e 'ollo(ing ser=ices use U.P* 9-%oose t%ree;

"+ Telnet,+ TTP-+ S!P.+ .!SE+ >>>

"ns(er: ,-.

E#lanation:-ommon T-PCU.P #orts:

T-P #orts:20 TP &ata21 TP control23 Telnet26 STP63 .!S?0 >>>100 PP3U.P #orts:63 .!S5@ TTP151 S!P!ote: .!S uses T-P 'or regional transmission< an& use U.P 'or name inquir)+

Question >%ic% #orts are use& 8) S!P* 9-%ose t(o;

"+ T-P #ort 21,+ U.P #ort 151-+ U.P #ort 5@.+ U.P #ort 152E+ T-P #ort ?0+ T-P #ort 23

"ns(er: ,.

QUESTI! ?"s t%e net(or$ a&ministrator< )ou are require& to %a=e a frm un&erstan&ing o' t%e SI mo&el+>%) &oes t%e &ata communication in&ustr) use t%e la)ere& SI re'erence mo&el* 9-%oose t(o;

"+ It ena8les equi#ment 'rom &iDerent =en&ors to use t%e same electronic com#onents< t%us sa=ingresearc% an& &e=elo#ment 'un&s,+ It encourages in&ustr) stan&ar&iation 8) &efning (%at 'unctions occur at eac% la)er o' t%e mo&el-+ It &i=i&es t%e net(or$ communication #rocess into smaller an& sim#ler com#onentsF t%us ai&ingcom#onent &e=elo#ment< &esign an& trou8les%ooting.+ It #ro=i&es a means 8) (%ic% c%anges in 'unctionalit) in one la)er require c%anges in ot%er la)ers

E+ It su##orts t%e e=olution o' multi#le com#eting stan&ar&s an& t%us #ro=i&es 8usiness o##ortunities 'orequi#ment manu'acturers

"ns(er: ,-

E#lanation: T%e SI 9#en S)stem Interconnection; re'erence mo&el (as create& as a re'erence #oint 'orcommunications &e=ices+ " la)ere& a##roac% is use& to segment t%e entire telecommunications #rocessinto a series o' smaller ste#s+ , is correct 8ecause it encourages a le=el o' stan&ar&iation 8) encouragingt%at 'unctions 8e com#are& to $no(n la)ers+ - is also correct 8ecause it allo(s engineers to 'ocus on t%e&e=elo#ment< refning< an& #er'ection o' sim#ler com#onents+



QUESTI! @>%ic% o' t%e #rotocols 8elo( use T-P at t%e trans#ort la)er* 9Select 'our;"+ TTP,+ STP-+ S!P.+ TPE+ TTP+ TTPS

"ns(er: ,.E

E#lanation:STP 9Sim#le ail Trans'er Profle 'or email;< TP 9ile Trans'er Protocol;< an& TTPCTTPS 9)#er Tet

Trans'er Protocol 'or internet; all use T-P 8ecause o' t%e relia8le &eli=er) mec%anism+ STP uses T-P #ort26< TP uses T-P #orts 20 an& 21< TTP uses T-P #ort ?0< an& TTPS uses T-P #ort 443+Incorrect "ns(ers:"< -: S!P an& TTP use U.P as t%e trans#ort mec%anism+ Generall) s#ea$ing< #rotocols t%at use t%e$e)(or&s Htri=ialH or Hsim#leH uses U.P< since connectionless< 8est eDort &eli=er) mec%anism usuall)suAce+

QUESTI! 10

T%e e%i8it a8o=e &is#la)s t%e #artial contents o' an enca#sulation %ea&er+ >%ic% o' t%e 'ollo(ing are trueo' t%e net(or$ traAc re#resente& in t%is &iagram* 9Select t%ree;"+ T%is is a U.P %ea&er,+ T%is is an SI la)er 4 %ea&er+-+ T%is is traAc 'rom an TP ser=er+.+ T%is is traAc 'rom an Telnet client+E+ T%e last P.U recei=e& in t%is session %a& a sequence num8er o' 2@236+

"ns(er: ,-E

E#lanation:"s t%e %ea&er contains t%e sequence num8er an& "- num8er fel&s< it re#resents a T-P %ea&er+ -%oice ,is correct as T-P (or$s on /a)er 4 i+e+ Trans#ort /a)er+ Source Port mentione& in t%e %ea&er is 21 (%ic%in&icate it is TP TraAc 8ecause TP uses #ort 20 an& 21 'or &ata an& control+ So c%oice - is correct+ T%eac$no(le&gment num8er re'ers to t%e sequence num8er o' t%e last P.U recei=e&< (%ic% is 2@236<ma$ing c%oice E also correct+

QUESTI! 11"c$no(le&gements< sequencing< an& Jo( control are 'unctions t%at are %an&le& 8) (%ic% la)er o' t%e SImo&el*"+ /a)er 6,+ /a)er 4-+ /a)er .+ /a)er 5E+ /a)er 3+ /a)er 2G+ /a)er 1

"ns(er: ,

E#lanation: T%e trans#ort la)er segments &ata 'rom t%e s)stem o' t%e sen&ing %ost an& reassem8les t%e&ata into a &ata stream on t%e s)stem 'or t%e recei=ing %ost+ or eam#le< 8usiness in large cor#orationso'ten trans'er large fles 'rom fle& location to cor#orate site+ Relia8le &eli=er) o' t%e fles is im#ortant< so



t%e trans#ort la)er (ill 8rea$ &o(n large fles into smaller segments t%at are less li$el) to incurtransmission #ro8lems+

T%e trans#ort la)er s%iel&s t%e u##er la)er 'rom trans#ort im#lementation &etails+ S#ecifcall) issues suc%as relia8ilit) o' trans#ort 8et(een t(o %osts are assigne& to t%e trans#ort la)er+ In #ro=i&ing acommunication ser=ice< t%e trans#ort la)er esta8lis%es< maintains< an& #ro#erl) terminates =irtual circuits+

Trans#ort la)er error &etection an& reco=er) an& in'ormation Jo( control ensure relia8le ser=ice+

QUESTI! 12" recei=ing %ost %as 'aile& to recei=e all o' t%e segments t%at it s%oul& ac$no(le&ge+ >%at can t%e %ost &oto im#ro=e t%e relia8ilit) o' t%is communication session*"+ Start a ne( session using U.P,+ 8tain a ne( IP a&&ress 'rom t%e .-P ser=er-+ Use a &iDerent source #ort 'or t%e session.+ .ecrease t%e sequence num8erE+ .ecrease t%e (in&o( sie

"ns(er: E

E#lanation:" T-P (in&o( t%e amount o' outstan&ing 9unac$no(le&ge& 8) t%e reci#ient; &ata a sen&er can sen& on a#articular connection 8e'ore it gets an ac$no(le&gment 8ac$ 'rom t%e recei=er t%at it %as gotten some o'it+or eam#le i' a #air o' %osts are tal$ing o=er a T-P connection t%at %as a T-P (in&o( sie o' 54 ,9$ilo8)tes;< t%e sen&er can onl) sen& 54 , o' &ata an& t%en it must sto# an& (ait 'or an ac$no(le&gment'rom t%e recei=er t%at some or all o' t%e &ata %as 8een recei=e&+ I' t%e recei=er ac$no(le&ges t%at all t%e&ata %as 8een recei=e& t%en t%e sen&er is 'ree to sen& anot%er 54 ,+ne (a) to im#ro=e t%e relia8ilit) o' t%e T-P connection is to re&uce t%e (in&o( sie t%at t%e recei=ernee&s to recei=e 8e'ore sen&ing an ac$no(le&gement+ o(e=er< t%is (ill re&uce t%roug%#ut as moresegments an& ac$no(le&gements (ill nee& to 8e sent in or&er to trans'er t%e same amount o' &ata+

QUESTI! 13 Kou %a=e set u# an Internet 8ase& TP ser=er< (%ere #eo#le can u#loa& an& &o(nloa& fles+ In terms o' t%eSI mo&el< (%at is t%e %ig%est la)er use& &uring t%e TP sessions+"+ "##lication,+ Presentation-+ Session

.+ Trans#ortE+ Internet+ .ata /in$G+ P%)sical

"ns(er: "

E#lanation: T%e a##lication la)er is t%e %ig%est la)er 9la)er ; o' t%e SI mo&el< an& is reser=e& 'or en& usera##lications+ Since TP is itsel' an a##lication< la)er is t%e %ig%est la)er use&+Incorrect "ns(ers:,< -< .< E< < G+ In an) gi=en TP session< all o' t%ese la)ers (ill 8e use& at some #oint 8ut t%e) areincorrect 8ecause t%e question as$e& 'or t%e %ig%est la)er use& 8) TP+

QUESTI! 14>%ic% /a)er 4 #rotocol is use& 'or a Telnet connection 8et(een t(o routers*"+ IP,+ I-P-+ .!S.+ T-PE+ U.P+ RTP

"ns(er: .



E#lanation: T-P is a relia8le connection7oriente& #rotocol+ T-P uses ac$no(le&gments< sequencing< an& Jo( control toensure relia8ilit)+ Telnet uses T-P #ort 23+



QUESTI! 16TP< Telnet< .!S< an& STP are all #rotocols 8eing use& in t%e net(or$+' t%ese< (%ic% uses 8ot% T-P an& U.P #orts*

"+ Telnet,+ TP-+ .!S.+ STPE+ !one o' t%e ot%er alternati=es a##l)

"ns(er: -

E#lanation: T%e 'ollo(ing #ort num8ers 'or t%e #rotocols liste& a8o=e are as 'ollo(s:TP: T-P Port 20 an& 21STP: T-P Port 26

Telnet: T-P Port 23.!S: 8ot% T-P an& U.P Port 63

QUESTI! 15I-P is o'ten use& in trou8les%ooting an& =eri')ing net(or$+ >%at statements are true regar&ing I-P#ac$ets* 9-%oose t(o;

"+ T%e) ac$no(le&ge recei#t o' T-P segments+,+ T%e) guarantee &atagram &eli=er)+-+ T%e) can #ro=i&e %osts (it% in'ormation a8out net(or$ #ro8lems+.+ T%e) are enca#sulate& (it%in IP #ac$ets+E+ T%e) are enca#sulate& (it%in U.P &atagrams++ T%e) are enca#sulate& (it%in T-P &atagrams+

"ns(er: -.E#lanation:PI!G ma) 8e use& to fn& out (%et%er t%e local mac%ines are connecte& to t%e net(or$ or (%et%er aremote site is reac%a8le+ T%is tool is a common net(or$ tool 'or &etermining t%e net(or$ connecti=it)(%ic% uses I-P #rotocol instea& o' T-PCIP an& U.PCIP+ T%is #rotocol is usuall) associate& (it% t%e net(or$management tools (%ic% #ro=i&e net(or$ in'ormation to net(or$ a&ministrators< suc% as #ing an&

traceroute 9t%e later also uses t%e U.PCIP #rotocol;+I-P is quite &iDerent 'rom t%e T-PCIP an& U.PCIP #rotocols+ !o source an& &estination #orts are inclu&e&in its #ac$ets+ T%ere'ore< usual #ac$et7fltering rules 'or T-PCIP an& U.PCIP are not a##lica8le+ ortunatel)< as#ecial HsignatureH $no(n as t%e #ac$etLs essage t)#e is inclu&e& 'or &enoting t%e #ur#oses o' t%e I-P#ac$et+ ost commonl) use& message t)#es are namel)< 0< 3< 4< 6< ?< 11< an& 12 (%ic% re#resent ec%ore#l)< &estination unreac%a8le< source quenc%< re&irect< ec%o request< time ecee&e&< an& #arameter#ro8lem res#ecti=el)+In t%e #ing ser=ice< a'ter recei=ing t%e I-P Hec%o requestH #ac$et 'rom t%e source location< t%e&estinationIncorrect "ns(ersI-P is an IP #rotocol so " an& E are incorrect+I-P &oesnLt guarantee &atagram &eli=er) so , is (rong as (ell+

QUESTI! 1"lt%oug% T-P segments are similar to U.P segments< T-P #ac$ets contains some a&&itional fel&s+ >%ic%o' t%e 'ollo(ing are 'oun& in a T-P %ea&er< 8ut not in a U.P %ea&er* 9-%oose t%ree;"+ -%ec$sum,+ Sequence num8er-+ .estination #ort.+ >in&o( sieE+ "c$no(le&gment num8er+ Source #ort

"ns(er: ,.E



E#lanation: T%e igure 8elo( illustrates t%e fel&s an& o=erall 'ormat o' a T-P #ac$et+

T(el=e fel&s com#rise a T-P #ac$et+ T-P Pac$et iel& .escri#tions T%e 'ollo(ing &escri#tions summarie t%e T-P #ac$et fel&s:

1+ Source Port an& .estination Port7I&entifes #oints at (%ic% u##er7la)er source an& &estination #rocessesrecei=e T-P ser=ices+2+ Sequence !um8er7Usuall) s#ecifes t%e num8er assigne& to t%e frst 8)te o' &ata in t%e currentmessage+In t%e connection7esta8lis%ment #%ase< t%is fel& also can 8e use& to i&enti') an initial sequence num8er to8e use& in an u#coming transmission+3+ "c$no(le&gment !um8er7-ontains t%e sequence num8er o' t%e net 8)te o' &ata t%e sen&er o' t%e#ac$et e#ects to recei=e+4+ .ata Dset7In&icates t%e num8er o' 3278it (or&s in t%e T-P %ea&er+6+ Reser=e&7Remains reser=e& 'or 'uture use+5+ lags7-arries a =ariet) o' control in'ormation< inclu&ing t%e SK! an& "- 8its use& 'or connection

esta8lis%ment< an& t%e I! 8it use& 'or connection termination++ >in&o(7S#ecifes t%e sie o' t%e sen&erLs recei=e (in&o( 9t%at is< t%e 8uDer s#ace a=aila8le 'orincoming &ata;+?+ -%ec$sum7In&icates (%et%er t%e %ea&er (as &amage& in transit+@+ Urgent Pointer7Points to t%e frst urgent &ata 8)te in t%e #ac$et+10+ #tions7S#ecifes =arious T-P o#tions+11+ .ata7-ontains u##er7la)er in'ormation+User .atagram Protocol 9U.P;

T%e User .atagram Protocol 9U.P; is a connectionless trans#ort7la)er #rotocol 9/a)er 4; t%at 8elongs tot%e Internet #rotocol 'amil)+ U.P is 8asicall) an inter'ace 8et(een IP an& u##er7la)er #rocesses+ U.P#rotocol #orts &istinguis% multi#le a##lications running on a single &e=ice 'rom one anot%er+Unli$e t%e T-P< U.P a&&s no relia8ilit)< Jo(7control< or error7reco=er) 'unctions to IP+ ,ecause o' U.PLssim#licit)< U.P %ea&ers contain 'e(er 8)tes an& consume less net(or$ o=er%ea& t%an T-P+

U.P is use'ul in situations (%ere t%e relia8ilit) mec%anisms o' T-P are not necessar)< suc% as in cases(%ere a %ig%er7la)er #rotocol mig%t #ro=i&e error an& Jo( control+ U.P is t%e trans#ort #rotocol 'or se=era(ell7$no(n a##lication7la)er #rotocols< inclu&ing !et(or$ ile S)stem 9!S;< Sim#le !et(or$ anagementProtocol 9S!P;< .omain !ame S)stem 9.!S;< an& Tri=ial ile Trans'er Protocol 9TTP;+ T%e U.P #ac$et'ormat contains 'our fel&s< as s%o(n in t%e fgure 8elo(+ T%ese inclu&e source an& &estination #orts<lengt% an& c%ec$sum fel&s+" U.P #ac$et consists o' 'our fel&s+Source an& &estination #orts contain t%e 1578it U.P #rotocol #ort num8ers use& to &emulti#le &atagrams'or recei=ing a##lication7la)er #rocesses+ " lengt% fel& s#ecifes t%e lengt% o' t%e U.P %ea&er an& &ata+-%ec$sum #ro=i&es an 9o#tional; integrit) c%ec$ on t%e U.P %ea&er an& &ata+

QUESTI! 1?>%at is t%e #ur#ose o' an "&&ress Resolution Protocol 9"RP; request message*



"+ It creates a session 8) #assing a %ea&er (it% &estination /a)er 2 a&&ress to t%e trans#ort la)er+,+ It 8in&s t%e IP a&&ress o' a %ost to t%e net(or$ t%at it is on+-+ It enca#sulates t%e /a)er 3 a&&ress an& t%en #asses t%e #ac$et to /a)er 2+.+ It 8uil&s a correlation 8et(een an IP a&&ress an& a "- a&&ress+E+ It #ro=i&es connecti=it) an& #at% selection 8et(een %osts on a net(or$++ !one o' t%e ot%er alternati=es a##l)

"ns(er: .

E#lanation:"&&ress Resolution Protocol 9"RP; fn&s t%e %ar&(are a&&ress o' a %ost 'rom a $no(n IP a&&ress+ >%en IP%as a &atagram to sen&< it must in'orm a !et(or$ "ccess #rotocol< suc% as Et%ernet or To$en Ring< o' t%e&estinationLs %ar&(are a&&ress on t%e local net(or$+ 9It %as alrea&) 8een in'orme& 8) u##er7la)er#rotocols o' t%e &estinationLs IP a&&ress+; I' IP &oesnLt fn& t%e &estination %ostLs %ar&(are a&&ress in t%e"RP cac%e< it uses "RP to fn& t%is in'ormation+

T%is is t%e #rotocol o#erates on !et(or$ /a)er+ Source &e=ice sen&s t%e "RP 8roa&cast to resol=e t%e "-a&&ress o' &estination &e=ice+

Kou can &is#la) t%e "RP ta8le using t%e Hs%o( ar#H comman&+

QUESTI! 1@IP #%ones are installe& in a ne( oAce+ T%e #%ones an& oAce com#uters connect to t%e same &e=ice+ Toensure maimum t%roug%#ut 'or t%e #%one &ata sessions< t%e com#an) nee&s to ma$e sure t%at t%e#%one traAc is on a &iDerent net(or$ 'rom t%at o' t%e oAce com#uter &ata traAc+ >%at is t%e 8estnet(or$ &e=ice to (%ic% to &irectl) connect t%e #%ones an& com#uters an& (%at tec%nolog) s%oul& 8eim#lemente& on t%is &e=ice* 9-%oose t(o;

"+ M/"!,+ Su8inter'ace-+ STP.+ u8E+ S(itc%+ RouterG+ >ireless "ccess Point+ MTP

"ns(er: "E

E#lanation: Kou can confgure M/"!s on t%e s(itc% to &istinguis% t(o t)#es o' &ata traAc+

QUESTI! 20 T%e cor#orate %ea& oAce %as a telecon'erencing s)stem t%at uses MIP 9=oice o=er IP; tec%nolog)+ T%iss)stem uses U.P as t%e trans#ort 'or t%e &ata transmissions+ I' t%ese U.P &atagrams arri=e at t%eir&estination out o' sequence< (%at (ill %a##en*

"+ U.P (ill sen& an I-P In'ormation Request to t%e source %ost+,+ U.P (ill #ass t%e in'ormation in t%e &atagrams u# to t%e net SI la)er in t%e or&er t%at t%e) arri=e+

-+ U.P (ill &ro# t%e &atagrams+.+ U.P (ill use t%e sequence num8ers in t%e &atagram %ea&ers to reassem8le t%e &ata in t%e corrector&er+E+ U.P (ill not ac$no(le&ge t%e &atagrams an& (ait 'or a retransmission o' t%e &atagrams+

"ns(er: ,

E#lanation:MIP s)stems utilie U.P 8ecause it is 'aster an& uses less o=er%ea&+ In a&&ition< t%e relia8le trans#ortmec%anism use& in T-P is useless to MIP 8ecause i' a #ac$et gets &ro##e& an& nee&s to 8e resent< it (ill8e alrea&) too late+ U.P #ro=i&es a ser=ice 'or a##lications to ec%ange messages+ Unli$e T-P< U.P isconnectionless an& #ro=i&es no relia8ilit)< no (in&o(ing< an& no reor&ering o' t%e recei=e& &ata+ o(e=er<



U.P #ro=i&es some 'unctions o' T-P< suc% as &ata trans'er< segmentation< an& multi#leing using #ortnum8ers< an& it &oes so (it% 'e(er 8)tes o' o=er%ea& an& (it% less #rocessing require&+ U.P &ata trans'er&iDers 'rom T-P &ata trans'er in t%at no reor&ering or reco=er) is accom#lis%e&+ "##lications t%at use U.Pare tolerant o' lost &ata< or t%e) %a=e some a##lication mec%anism to reco=er &ata loss+



QUESTI! 21" net(or$ is s%o(n in t%e e%i8it 8elo(:

>%ic% a&&ressing sc%eme (oul& satis') t%e nee&s o' t%is net(or$ )et (aste t%e 'e(est a&&resses*"+ !et(or$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+0C25!et(or$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+54C25!et(or$ 3:1@2+15?+10+12?C25Serial lin$ 1: 1@2+15?+20+0C24Serial lin$ 2: 1@2+15?+30+0C24,+ !et(or$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+0C25!et(or$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+54C2?!et(or$ 3:

1@2+15?+10+?0C2@Serial lin$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+??C30Serial lin$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+@5C30-+ !et(or$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+0C25!et(or$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+54C2!et(or$ 3:1@2+15?+10+@5C2?Serial lin$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+112C30Serial lin$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+115C30.+ !et(or$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+0C2!et(or$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+54C2?!et(or$ 3:1@2+15?+10+@5C2@Serial lin$ 1: 1@2+15?+10+112C30Serial lin$ 2: 1@2+15?+10+115C30

"ns(er: -

E#lanation:!et(or$ 1Require& !um8er o' %osts :60>%en >e use t%e 25 8its 'or !et(or$: 11111111+11111111+11111111+11000000 so 52 usa8le %ost can 8ein one net(or$+ 60 %ost 'or no( an& remaining %osts a&&ress 'or 'urt%er gro(t%+

!et(or$ 2Require& !um8er o' osts: 20>%en (e use t%e 2 8its 'or !et(or$: 11111111+11111111+1111111+11100000 so 30 usa8le %osts can 8ein one net(or$+!et(or$ 3Require& !um8er o' osts: 10>%en (e use t%e 2? 8its 'or !et(or$: 11111111+11111111+11111111+11110000 so 14 usa8le %osts can 8ein one net(or$+-onnection 8et(een T1< T2 an& T3 is >"! so (%en )ou use 30 8its net(or$ IP< )ou (ill not lose an)IP a&&resses 'rom net(or$ since t%is su8net allo(s 'or onl) 2 %ost a&&resses+

20 Questions Answers IP Routing

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