2.0 Measurement
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AM1102
Physics
Ms Nurulain Bte Samat
Room S 216 / Ext:407
Consultation hours :
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Objectives: At the satisfactory completion of this module the student
will be able to give a general description of the followingsubjects using, as appropriate, typical examples andmathematical formulae in conjunction withy physicallaws. The student will also be able to read, understandand use sketches, drawings and schematics to describethe subjects.
Subject Outline :
Measurement
Property of matter
Mechanics Matter
Mechanics Kinetics Mechanics dynamics
Mechanics Fluid dynamics
Thermodynamics
Vibrations and sound
Optics
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Assessment : 50% Coursework 20% Test
10% Quiz 10% Tutorials
10% assignments
50% Final Examination
References : Haufe, M.(2006). Air Service Training Engineering Ltd.
Perth college.
Gaincoli, D.C. (2000) physics for scientists & engineers
(3rd ed) New Jersey : Prentice Hall Mohamed, N.S., Supaat, L., Zainal. N., al et. (2003). Pre-
University Physics Vol.1 Singapore : Thomson Learning.
Lecture notes Physics (2010)
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WEEK TOPIC
1Measurement
Properties Of Matter
2 & 3 Mechanics Kinetics
4 Mechanics - Static
5 - 7 Mechanics : Dynamics
8 & 9 Mechanics Fluid Dynamics
10 & 11 Wave motion
12 Optics
13 & 14 Thermodynamics15 Revision week
16 Examination
17 Examination
Course Outline
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Introduction : Measurements
In view of international nature of civil
aviation industry, you will need to
become fully conversant with metric,imperial and United states (US) units
and measurements. This chapter will
ask you to solve problems using SI
units, and also consider variety ofEnglish/US units that you may not be
familiar with.
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Outline
Unit & standard
Base quantities Vs. derivedquantities
Prefixes of unit
Dimensional Analysis
Conversion of SI units
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1.1 Units & Standard
Units are used to describe physical quantity
Physical quantity : quantity that can be
measured
In engineering, it is essential to include a unit in
any measurement or calculation. Otherwise a
number is meaningless (unless it is a ratio).
System International (S.I) is originated byFrench. It is the most important standard of
measurement nowadays.
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1.2 Base quantities & derived
quantities Base quantities:
most basic quantities
Cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantity There are 7 base quantity
Derived quantities
are all other quantities which can defined in terms of the
seven base quantities
e.g. area: m2, velocity: m/s, force: kg.m/s2
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7 Base quantity and its SI unit
fundamental unit SI symbol
mass kg m
length m l
time s t
temperature K T
amount of substance mol mol
luminous intensity cd -
electrical current A -
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1.3 Dimensional Analysis
Used to prove derived quantities
Quantities that make up from more than 1 base
quantities will have the combination of units ofthose base quantity units.
Most of the quantities derived from base
quantities length [L], mass [M], time [T].
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e.g: Area = length x width = [L] x [L] = [L2
];unit: m x m = m2
Force = mass x acceleration
= [M] x [L]/[T2];unit: kg x m / s2 = kgms-2
Example 1.1
Find the dimension & unit of pressure.
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1.4 Prefixes of Unit
To make numbers moremanageable, we often add
prefixes to units. The tablebelow shows common unit
prefixes and their multiplyingfactors:
Example 1.2
3,560,000,000m = 3.56Gm
or 3.56 x 109
m 0.000000140s = 0.14s
or 1.4 x 10-7 s
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1.5Conversionsbetween
SystemsofUnits Sometimes, it is necessary to convert
one system of units to another.
This is done using the conversionfactors.
1 mile = 1 609 m = 1.609 km
1 m = 39.37 in
1 ft = 0.304 8 m = 30.48 cm
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This has led to several different
measurement systems including theSI system,
the fps (foot-pound-second) system and
the cgs (centimetre-gram-second)system.
In engineering in general and in the
aircraft industry in particular,
measurements are often stated in non-SI
units
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Some conversion factors between SI and fps units
are given below:
Quantity fps Unit SI UnitLength 1 inch = 2.54 x 10-2 m
Area 1 yard 2 = 0.83613 m2
Volume 1 gallon (imperial) = 4.5461 x 10-3 m3
Speed 1 mile/hour (mph) = 0.44704 ms-1
Mass 1 pound (lb) = 0.45359 kg
Force 1 lbf (pound force) = 4.4482 N
Pressure 1 lb in2 (psi) = 6.8948 x 103 Pa
Energy 1 ft lbf (foot pound force) = 1.3558 J
Power 1 hp (horse power) = 745.70 W
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Example 1.3
A silicon chip has an area of 1.25 square inches.Express this in square centimeters. ( 1 inch =
2.5cm)
Example 1.4What is the posted speed limit of 55 miles per
hour (mi/h or mph) in ( 1 mi = 1.6km)
(a) in kilometers per hour (km/h)?
(b) meters per second (m/s) and
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. a) Convert the following quantity
i. 100hour = ________________ s
ii. 250 km/hr = ________________ m/s
b) Represent the following quantity using
suitable prefix
i. 0.00000987meter =
ii. 821000000000seconds =
Exercise
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c) Determine if the following is a base or a
derived quantity. If it is a derived quantity,use dimensional analysis to prove it.
i. Acceleration (ms-2)
ii. Force ( N or kgms-2)
iii. Mass (kg)