2

Youth unemployment ratePercentage of the labour force aged 15/16-24, Q4 20071-Q2 20142

Countries shown by ascending order of the youth unemployment rates in Q2 2014.* Selected urban areas.1. 2005 for China; 2007/08 for India and Q1 2008 for South Africa..2. 2011/12 for India; 2010 for China; Q4 2013 for Argentina; and Q1 2014 for Brazil, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Source: OECD calculations based on OECD Short-Term Labour Market Statistics Database; ILO, Short-term Indicators of the labour Market; Census data for China and National Sample Survey for India.

Many youth are unemployed or inactive and not involved in education

ChinaJa

pan

German

y

Mexico

Korea,

Rep. o

fIndia

United

States

Australi

a

Canada

Russian

Fed.

Brazil*

Turkey

Indone

sia

Argenti

na*

United King

dom

Europe

an Unio

n

France

Saudi

Arabia Ita

ly

South Afric

aSpa

in0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Q4 2007 Peak Q2 2014

%

3

Incidence of temporary employment, 2013As a percent of all employees in each groupa

*: Selected urban areas only.a) Youth aged 15-24 and adults aged 25 and over. Source: OECD estimates.

Job quality is often poor for youth and skills mismatch is frequent

Incidence of informal employment, 2011As a percent of all employees in each groupa

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90Youth Adults

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90Youth Adults

Important to assess impact of recent G20 youth initiatives

4

Better youth employment outcomes essential for growth and social cohesion

G20 countries have taken important commitments and actions on youth welcome

Quality apprenticeships/internships can play an important role

But more needs to be doneShort-term measures to tackle high youth unemploymentLong-term measures to improve skills and access to quality jobs

See: OECD and ILO (2014), Promoting Better Labour Market Outcomes for Youth, report prepared for the G20 Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting, Melbourne, 10-11 September 2014.

Source: OECD estimates.

Large gender gaps remain in labour participation, access to quality jobs and pay

5

Participation rate

-26% points

Employment rate

-26% points

Incidence of self-employment-3.5% points

Earnings-19%

Gender gaps for the G20 median economy

The labour force projections are based on population projections for persons aged 15-64 years, by 5-year age group.1. Baseline: Participation rates are projected by assuming that labour force entry and exit rates by gender and 5-year age groups remain constant at

their average value over the period 2003-2012 (2005-2010 for China).2. Closing the gender gap: The gender gap in participation for the working-age population (15-64) in 2012 is assumed to narrow by 25% by 2025 ,

50% by 2040 and 75% by 2055.. Source: OECD projections based on the OECD Population and Demography database and the OECD Employment database.

Gradually closing gender gaps would boost growth and well-being in G20 countries

Impact of closing the gender gap in participation on G20 labour force growth, 2014-2050Millions

6

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

Baselineprojection

Closing the gender gap

Promote entrepreneurship

Comprehensive policies are needed to improve access to quality jobs for women

Eliminate unequal treatment

Make work pay and improve job quality

Promote gender equality

7See: OECD, ILO, IMF and World Bank (2014), Achieving Stronger Growth by Promoting a More Gender-Balanced Economy, report prepared for the G20 Labour and Employment Ministerial Meeting, Melbourne, 10-11 September 2014..

Read more about the OECD’s work on youth, gender, job quality and much more:

Website: www.oecd.org/employment/outlookFollow us on Twitter : @OECD_Social

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