2. Work System Design & Ergonomics
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Transcript of 2. Work System Design & Ergonomics
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What is Industrial Engineering ?Industrial Engineering is concerned with the Design,Improvement, and InstallationofIntegratedSystems of People, Material, Information,Equipment, and Energy. It draws upon specializedknowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical,and social sciences together with the principles andmethods of engineering analysis and design tospecify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtainedfrom such system (American Institute of IndustrialEngineers).
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What is integrated system ?
Man
Material
Information
Equipment
Energy
Input Output
Environment
Feedback
Boundary
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More details..
*Ambient : surrounding
Fit thetask to
thehuman !!
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What is ergonomics ? Branch of science that applies what is known
about human behavior, mental processes, andanatomy and physiology to the design,development, and evaluation of work methods,environments, technologies, and systems
Discipline that studies human capabilities andperformance capacities and applies thisinformation in designing consumer products,tools, and equipment
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Ergonomics is essentially fitting the workplace tothe worker. The better the fit, the higher the
level of safety and worker efficiency. Fitting theTask to the Human~ Grandjean, 1990
Ergonomics removes barriers to quality,productivity and human performance by fittingproducts, tasks, and environments to people.ErgoWeb.com
Common definition
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Greek words:
Ergon : work
Nomos : principle or laws
Ergonomics = The Science of Work
In the literature: in 1840s by Wojciech Jastrzebowski (a Polish
educator and scientist)
In 1949 by K.F.H. Murrel (a British scientist)
Other terms:
Human Factors, Human Engineering,
Engineering Psychology
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History Can be traced back to the late 1800s/early 1900s and
Frank and Lillian Gilbrethmotion and timestudies, investigated performance, fatigue,
workstation design, tool design Formal birth in WWII: significant number of pilot
accidents due to human error 1950s regulations began to be developed in USA 1957first professional society was created (HFES) Number of tragedies in semi-recent years: 3-mile
Island, Chernobyl, dramatic increase in the numberof reported occupational injuries illnesses, anddeaths
OSHA is developed
Computer age
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Origins, developments, and
applications
Kroemer et al. (2001) p.7
AnatomyOrthopedics
Physiology
Medicine
Psychology
Sociology
AnthropometriBiomechanics
Work Physiology
Industrial Hygiene
Management
Labor relations
Industrial engineering
Bioengineering
System engineering
Safety engineering
Military engineering
Computer-aided design
ERGONOMICS
HUMAN FACTORS
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Ergonomics in Design of Systems
Human Task
HFE
Environment
HFE : Human Factors Engineering
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Goal of Ergonomics Minimize the mis-match between human capabilities
and task requirements What is the optimal scenario? Blue = human capabilities
gray = job demands
Objectives of HFE Improve human performance Improve Safety
Reduce the need for training
Improve user satisfaction
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Components of Ergonomics
Ergonomics
IE
Work Methods
Plant LayoutWork Flow
Psychology
Anthropometry
Biomechanics
Physiology
Methods
Analysis
Techniques
Workplace
Design
Techniques
Machine and
Equipment
Design
Tool Design
Techniques
Operator
Assignments
and Job
Design
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Why Ergonomics?
Increased Productivity improved work methods
increased efficiency
better tools less stress and fatigue
fewer errors
Quality of Work Life fewer injuries
less fatigue and stress
improved employeemorale
Money decreased medical costs
increased productivity
decreased workmanscompensation costs
fewer lost work day cases(light duty days)
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Current Topics Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
CTDs (cumulative trauma disorders), slips/trips/falls,deaths,
Sources of Operator Discomfort/Fatigue
Design for Special Populations
HCI (human comuter interaction)
Individual Differences User-centered Design
Production Ergonomics
Human Error
Others