A

Synopsis Report

On

Development of Small Scale Hybrid Electric Vehicle Setup

B.E. Electrical Engg.

By

Somani Abhishek Ashok

Talele Mohit Narayan

Vetal Akshay Suresh

Ghadoje Ashish Babaji

Under the guidance of

Prof. M.K.Chaudhari

Department of Electrical Engineering,

GOKHALE EDUCATION SOCIETYS

R. H. SAPAT. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANAGEMENT STUDIES &

RESEARCH, NASHIK.

OCT. (2015-16)

ABSTRACT:

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) powered by electric machines and an internal combustion engine

(ICE) are a promising mean of reducing emissions and fuel consumption without compromising vehicle

functionality and driving performances. This paper presents the design of an environmental friendly hybrid

car that feature the gasoline engine and batteries pack. The fuel consumption benefited by hybridization are

benchmarked to conventional Gasoline and Diesel fueled vehicles. The relationship between fuel

consumption and vehicle weight is investigated for Gasoline as well as for Diesel fueled vehicles.

INTRODUCTION:

An electric vehicle is an emission free, environmental friendly vehicle. However, the electric vehicles

remain unpopular among the consumers due to their lack of Performance and their inability to travel long

distances without being recharged. So, vehicle that embraces both the performance characteristics of the

conventional automobile and the zero-emission characteristics of the electric vehicles are greatly being

anticipated by the general consumers and the environmentalists alike.

To meet increasing fuel economy and emissions legislation, the automotive industry will need to undergo

drastic changes in vehicle and engine designs. Unlike conventional vehicles on the road today, hybrid electric

vehicles (HEV) are designed with a smaller engine and an on-board energy storage system. The smaller engine

allows the vehicle to achieve better fuel economy and fewer emissions. The efficiency benefits of diesel

engines over gasoline engines make the diesel engine a strong contender for further improving fuel economy.

The integration of diesel-engine technology into a hybrid electric vehicle configuration is one of the most

promising ways to comply with fuel-economy and emissions legislation..

LITERATURE REVIEW:

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Electricity

means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor

(from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor. Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power ,or that a

fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the

electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor. Depending on the drive

train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined

HEVs. This will be explained in paragraph

1. Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild

or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid. This will be explained

in paragraph

2. Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion

(ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power.

In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection

(diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol,

compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:

Although the automobile manufacturers have reduced the greenhouse gases such as hydro-carbons,

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc., from the vehicle, they cannot produce a zero-emission vehicle unless

they produce an electric vehicle (EV). An electric vehicle is an emission free, environmental friendly vehicle.

The proposed design of HEV intelligently gets around the individual problems associated with the gasoline

engine and the electric vehicle. It diminishes the production of emissions and the use of fuel. The problem of

batteries for the electric vehicle is conquered. An HEV charges itself; it never has to be plugged in. When it

does not provide power, the motor can run as a generator to transfer energy from regenerative braking and

from the gasoline engine to the batteries.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

DC Motor:

The type of motor used can vary depending on the power system of the vehicle and its size. Current

internal combustion hybrid cars tend to use AC induction motors due to both the power requirements and the

generally increased efficiency over commutated DC motors. However for smaller

Low-speed vehicles the desire would be to use some form of DC motor to decrease the overall complexity of

the vehicle.

Alternator:

Alternator converts mechanical power to electrical power when the HEV is on negative slope of

ground. Further the rectifier converts input from alternator to dc which charges the batteries.

IC Engine:

A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine

with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels. Practically it converts

chemical energy into mechanical energy.

Fig. Constructional diagram of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Transmission and gearbox:

These transmits the power from motor or engine to the wheels for propulsion of electric vehicle. It may

consist planetary gearbox or simple gearbox used in bikes.

Batteries:

Batteries store electric energy in form of chemical energy. They are connected in order to provide

electrical energy to motor connected in HEV. They can be Lead-acid or Li-ion batteries. Some batteries also

include supercapacitors. It provides advantage of long life and quick charging.

Engine Controller:

Engine controller controls the IC engine i.e. it controls the fuel supply and spark ignitioning of the

engine for optimum output. It works along with motor controller.

Motor Controller:

Motor controller controls the electrical power input and thus the output of the motor.

The control action is obtained by controlling the input voltage using chopper.

Chassis:

The mechanical support for overall structure is provided by chassis. It is normally made of steel but can

also be made of alloy of Aluminum but we also need to concentrate on durability.

ADVANTAGES:

1. The battery size can be small, as both the engine and motor are connected to the drive

train.

2. Hybrid electric vehicles are environment friendly as they does not emit much

greenhouse gases.

3. Combined power source is used which results in improved performance.

4. Economically much advantageous due to various relaxations on toll and taxes.

Conclusion:

An HEV can intelligently get around the individual problems associated with the gasoline engine and

the electric vehicle. It can diminish the production of emissions and the use of fuel. The problem of

batteries for the electric vehicle can be conquered.

References:

1. Poria Fajri, Nima Lotfi, Mehdi Ferdowsi and Robert G. Landers- Development of an

Educational Small Scale Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Setup -International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), 2013 IEEE International

2. M. Habib Ullah, T.S. Gunawan, M.R.Sharif, R.Muhida-Design of Environmental Friendly

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) -International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 3-5

July 2012, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia