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Transcript of 2 Sacred Scriptures
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Prepared by:
Richard G. Pazcoguin
Ignorance of the Scriptures isignorance of Christ.
St. Jerome
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"The Church has always"The Church has alwaysvenerated the divinevenerated the divine
Scriptures just as sheScriptures just as shevenerates the body of the Lord,venerates the body of the Lord,since from the table of both thesince from the table of both theword of God and of the bodyword of God and of the body
of Christ she unceasinglyof Christ she unceasinglyreceives and offers to thereceives and offers to thefaithful the bread of life..."faithful the bread of life..."
(Constitution on Divine Revelation, #21).(Constitution on Divine Revelation, #21).
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ACTUAL
EVENTS
ORAL
TRADITION
WRITTEN
SCRIPTURES
This refers to the actual experiences of
Gods people which they interpreted as
Gods intervention in their history.
So that the people will forever remember
these important events, they are handed
on to succeeding generations through
storytelling.
These stories were sorted, edited, and
eventually put into to serve as norms
against which other stories and
traditions will be verified; and to more
effectively preserve tradition.
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The Bible is a Book ofThe Bible is a Book of
RemembranceRemembranceThe Bible is a Faith-RecordThe Bible is a Faith-Record
The Bible contains aThe Bible contains a
Religious Interpretation ofReligious Interpretation of
HistoryHistory
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When we read the Bible we alsoWhen we read the Bible we alsorealize that there are different formsrealize that there are different formsof expressing truth. The Biblicalof expressing truth. The Biblical
authors were not so concerned aboutauthors were not so concerned abouthistory itself, but "salvation history,"history itself, but "salvation history,"how the events of the past could behow the events of the past could beunderstood in relation to their faith.understood in relation to their faith.Salvation history deals with God'sSalvation history deals with God'slove for us, first shown to the Chosenlove for us, first shown to the ChosenPeople, and then fulfilled in the deathPeople, and then fulfilled in the deathand resurrection of Jesus Christ.and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
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Gk. ta bibliathe books -refers the whole sacred volume
Lt. biblia The Book -designates the eminence of the Bible
The Bible is a collection of sacred writings
which the Church solemnly recognized as the:
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God is the author of Sacred Scripture
because he inspired its human authors; he
acts in them and by means of them. He thus
gives assurance that their writings teach
without error his saving truth
Dei Verbum 11
To say that the Bible is the Word
of God is to acknowledge its
Divine Authorship.
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THE BIBLE IS THE WORDTHE BIBLE IS THE WORD OFOF GOD.GOD.
The word The word OFOF tells us three things tells us three things
about the BIBLE:about the BIBLE:
1.1. It isIt is WORD ABOUT GODWORD ABOUT GOD We Welearn about God through the Biblelearn about God through the Bible
2.2. It is theIt is the SPOKEN WORD OF GODSPOKEN WORD OF GOD
Sacred Scripture contains GodsSacred Scripture contains Gods
revelation of Himselfrevelation of Himself
3.3. It isIt is WORD THAT BELONGS TOWORD THAT BELONGS TO
GODGOD God is the Bibles author, God is the Bibles author,
custodian, interpreter, and teacher.custodian, interpreter, and teacher.
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The Bible did not fall from heaven. When Godgave us his word, he inspired some men to put in
into writing. The Bible was written by persons
who lived in a particular context, using the
means available to them as they went through
the natural process of data gathering, selection,and finally writing down scriptures.
Because the Bible was written by men, then through the Bible God is able to
speak to us in human language- something we can understand and relate to.
"All scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct
to instruct in justice" 2 Timothy 3:16
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Lt. in spirare to breathe into
INSPIRATION IS NOT:
DICTATION God did not dictate the words to the human authors. As stated earlier, the human
authors had to go through all the processes involved in coming up with a written work.POSSESSION The human authors were not coerced by God to write. They did not lose their free will
when they put Gods Word into writing. On their end, they had to cooperate with inspiration.
By supernatural power God so moved and impelled the human
authors to write - he so assisted them when writing - that the
things he ordered and those only they first rightly understood,then willed faithfully to write down, and finally expressed in
apt words and with infallible truth.
Providentissimus
Deus, Pope Leo XIII
INSPIRATION IS THE SPECIAL INFLUENCE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
ON THE HUMAN AUTHORS, SUCH THAT THEY WERE ABLE TOWRITE DOWN WHAT GOD WANTED THEM TO WRITE.
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CHRISTIANS AND JEWS AGREE THATCHRISTIANS AND JEWS AGREE THATINSPIRATION MEANS THAT:INSPIRATION MEANS THAT:
1.1. The impulse to write came from GodThe impulse to write came from God
2.2. The Bible contains things God wills manThe Bible contains things God wills man
to know about himto know about him3.3. The mind and the will of the humanThe mind and the will of the human
author were somehow influenced byauthor were somehow influenced byGod to write what was written withoutGod to write what was written withouttaking away the authors own will ortaking away the authors own will orability to write or power to expressability to write or power to expressthings in his own way for the people forthings in his own way for the people forwhom he was writingwhom he was writing
4.4. God guided his people in their choice ofGod guided his people in their choice ofwhat writing was to be included in thewhat writing was to be included in thefinal version of the Bible.final version of the Bible.
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Inerrancy means freedom from error. The inerrancy of Scripture is
a consequence of its inspiration. Because God is the principal author
of the Bible, then it cannot but contain the truth.
BUT THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERRORErrors in Science : This is because the Bible was not written to be a science
textbook. The authors had primitive knowledge of science.(e.g. the sun moves
around the earth: Joshua 10:14)
Errors in History : The Bible was a product of oral tradition. This tradition
preserves the essential content, not the trivial details, so it is possible to find
chronological errors, contradictory details, and inaccurate quotations once in a
while. (e.g. The animals Noahs Ark: Genesis 6:19 and Genesis 7:2)
Errors in Moral Understanding : The people of the Old Testament did not learn
of Gods will instantly. It took time before they understood Gods precepts, hence
there were instances when they label something good as bad and vice versa. (e.g.
total extermination of enemies is Gods will: Joshua 11:13-14)
These errors do not in anyway affect the essential message of Sacred Scriptures.
THE BIBLE CONTAINS ERROR BUT TEACHES NO ERROR.
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"The books of scripture must"The books of scripture must
be acknowledged as teachingbe acknowledged as teaching
firmly, faithfully and withoutfirmly, faithfully and withouterror that truth which Goderror that truth which God
wanted to put into the sacredwanted to put into the sacred
writings for the sake of ourwritings for the sake of our
salvation"salvation"(Constitution on Divine(Constitution on Divine
Revelation, #11).Revelation, #11).
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Gk. kanona stick; measuring rod
-the word implies norms or standards
CANONICITY IS THE CHURCHS OFFICIALDECLARATION THAT A BOOK IS INSPIRED, AND IS
THEREFORE A WORTHY BASIS OF FAITH AND
MORALS.
FOR A BOOK TO BE DECLARED CANONICAL, IT HAS
TO PASS CERTAIN STANDARDS. AS IT PASSES THESTANDARDS, IT BECOMES A STANDARD ITSELF.
N.B. Canonicity does not make a book inspired, neither does it
add to inspiration. It is simply a formal recognition of the
inspiration which the book has always possessed.
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FOR THE OLD TESTAMENT:
The scripture must not contradict the
TORAH (five books of Moses). For the
Jews, Moses was undoubtedly a man of
God and his books measure everything.The scripture must be constantly used in
liturgy.In some cases, language became a factor.
Some Jews rejected non-Hebrew writings.Recognized Sacred Scriptures are stored in
the temple chests, available for public
reading. Putting a book in the temple chest
is tantamount to canonization.
FOR THE NEW TESTAMENT:
Apostolic Origin - either the bookswere written by the apostles themselves,
or they were used as sources.Coherence with the essential Gospel
Message- the content of the book must
be consistent with the message of Christ.Constant use in the liturgy- the books
were used by the Early ChristianCommunities in their celebration of the
breaking of the bread and other
liturgical functions.
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DID NOT PASS THE CRITERIADID NOT PASS THE CRITERIAFOR CANONICITYFOR CANONICITY
MAY HAVE BEEN USEDMAY HAVE BEEN USEDSPORADICALLY BY SCATTEREDSPORADICALLY BY SCATTEREDGROUPSGROUPS
DID NOT HAVE APOSTOLICDID NOT HAVE APOSTOLICGUARANTEEGUARANTEE
CONTENTS ARE EITHERCONTENTS ARE EITHERHERETICAL OR IRRELEVANTHERETICAL OR IRRELEVANT
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THOSE THAT
RESEMBLE THE
CANONICALSCRIPTURES
Gospel of Peter
THOSE THAT NARRATEPIOUS STORIES ABOUT
JESUS AND THE VIRGIN
MARY
Infancy Gospel of James
Pseudo Matthew
Infancy Gospel
The Nativity of Mary
Pseudo Gospel of Thomas
Pseudo Meliton
THOSE THAT
CONTAIN
HERETICALDOCTRINES
Gospel of Philip
Gospel of Mary
Gospel of JudasGenerallyin agreement
with Church
teachingWritten to meet
the demands
of popularpiety
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APOCRYPHAL = SECRETAPOCRYPHAL = SECRET
WRITTEN FOR SPECIAL GROUPSWRITTEN FOR SPECIAL GROUPS WRITTEN BY RECIPIENTS OF SECRETWRITTEN BY RECIPIENTS OF SECRET
REVELATIONSREVELATIONS NOT KNOWN TO ALLNOT KNOWN TO ALL
SINCE THESE BOOKS ARE OFSINCE THESE BOOKS ARE OFDOUBTFUL AUTHORITYDOUBTFUL AUTHORITY, THEY, THEYARE NOT CONSIDERED BY THEARE NOT CONSIDERED BY THECHURCH AS RELIABLE BASES OFCHURCH AS RELIABLE BASES OFFAITH AND MORALSFAITH AND MORALS
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When a book fails to meet the standards, it is labeled as
APOCRYPHAL i.e. of doubtful authority
When a book has passed the standards, it becomes part of the CANON OF SCRIPTURES.
The CANON OF SCRIPTURES refers to the official list of inspired books.
ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE PROTESTANT BIBLE
73 (72) BOOKS46 Books in the Old Testament(45 if Jeremiah and Lamentations
are
counted as one)
27 Books in the New Testament
66 BOOKS39 Books in the OldTestament
27 Books in the New
Testament
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The word Deuterocanonical literally means: second
canon. These refers to the second set of canonical books.
During the Council of Trent, before the Catholic Churchfinally closed the Canon (which means from then on, no other
books will be added to the bible), the Church also declared as
canonical some Old Testament books which were recognized
ever since as inspired but were not formally declared as part
of the canon of scriptures.
Unfortunately, the Protestants have already deviated from the
Catholic Church when this happened so they do not have the
Deuterocanonicals in their Bible. If ever they include it, they
simply label the books as Apocryphals. One thing is for sure,
the Protestant Canon was still a product of the prudent
judgment of the Catholic Church before the split took place.
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COVENANT BETWEEN
GOD AND ISRAEL
MEDIATED BY MOSES
COVENANT BETWEEN
GOD AND HUMANITY
MEDIATED BY JESUSThe Old Testament
finds light in the
New Testament.
The New
Testament finds
foundation in theOld Testament.
The Church
teaches that both
divisions are
equally inspired.
Central Event: Central Event:
THE EXODUS THE RESURRECTION
Language:
Predominantly Hebrew
Language:
Predominantly Greek
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The Bible did not always have its chapter and verses. Hence, when one
would look for particular passages, one has scan through the entire book.
The division of the bible into chapterswas done in 1226 by His Grace, Most
Rev. Stephen Langton, Archbishop of
Canterbury
Some time later, in the year 1551, the bible was
divided into verses by Robert Estienne, a French
printer.
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Above all, God has spoken to us inAbove all, God has spoken to us inJesus. The Bible is His Word in aJesus. The Bible is His Word in a
secondary sense. Jesus Himself issecondary sense. Jesus Himself is
Gods message to mankind, but theGods message to mankind, but the
Bible brings that message to us.Bible brings that message to us.
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RELIGION WORD BY WHICH GODHAS SPOKEN
MESSENGER
JUDAISM THE TORAH MOSES
ISLAM THE QURAN MUHAMMAD
CHRISTIANITY JESUS CHRIST THE BIBLE
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CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
nos.101-141
Francis E. Gigot
SACRED SCRIPTURES, THE BIBLE
www.pax-et-veritas.org
Ian Knox C.S.Sp.
THEOLOGY FOR TEACHERS
Ottawa: Novalis Press, 1994
Margaret Baxter
JESUS CHRIST: HIS LIFE AND HIS
CHURCH
Quezon City: New Day Publishers 1989
INSPIRATION AND INERRANCY
http://www.pax-et-veritas.org/http://www.pax-et-veritas.org/