2 Modern Periodic Table
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Transcript of 2 Modern Periodic Table
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Modern Periodic Table
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Part I Introduction.
Periods and groups.
Metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
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The Modern Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the
known elements.
The elements are organized by:
Atomic number
Chemical Properties
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Groups and Periods
Group( or Family): a vertical column.Elements in groups have similarchemical properties.
Period: a horizontal row.
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Groups and Periods are
numbered. There are 7 periods.
There are 18 numbered columns.
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IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry
1985 new system for labeling groups.
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Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids Elements can be classified into:
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids (semimetals)
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Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
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Actinides and Lanthanides
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Physical Properties of Metals
Good conductors of electricity and heat.
Malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
Ductile (can be drawn into wires).
Lustrous.
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Chemical Properties of Metals Easily lose electrons.
Form positive (+) ions.
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Nonmetal Physical Properties They do not have the properties of
metals.
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Nonmetal Chemical Properties Gain electrons.
Form negative ions.
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Part II
Valence Electrons
Group 1
Group 2
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-Niels Bohrs Model Distinct Energy Levels
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Periods
The periods (rows) of the periodic tableindicate the highest energy level
occupied by one or more electrons.
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Valence Electrons
The electrons the occupy the highestenergy level of an atom.
Valence electrons play a key role in thechemical properties of an element.
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A Groups (Old System)
The A groups are numbered 18.
The number of the A groupscorrespond to the number of valenceelectrons.
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Group 1- Alkali Metals
1 valence electron (ns1)
Form a 1+ ion.
Note: Hydrogen, a nonmetal, is locatedin the first column because it has onevalence electron.
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Group 1- Alkali Metals
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium
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Sodiums Reaction with H2OProduces Hydrogen
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Reactivity of Alkali Metals
Increases from top to bottom of thegroup.
Which is more reactive Cesium orSodium?
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Note:
Sodium and Potassium are stored in oilto keep them from reacting with oxygen
and water in the air.
Cesium is stored in glass tubes of argon
gas( an inert gas).
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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
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Group 2- Alkali Earth Metals
Have 2 valence electrons.
Form 2+ ions.
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Group 2- Alkali Earth MetalsReactions with Water
Be does not react with water.
Mg reacts with hot water.
Ca, Sr, Ba react easily with cold water.
Which way along the group doesreactivity increase?
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Notes:
There is Mg in chrolophyll
C55
H72
O5N
4Mg
Calcium is in your bones,
chalk, limestone,toothpaste, pearl (all ascalcium carbonate).
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The Periodic Table