2. Liquids Liquids are a type of matter that have an undefined shape but definite volume....
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Transcript of 2. Liquids Liquids are a type of matter that have an undefined shape but definite volume....
![Page 1: 2. Liquids Liquids are a type of matter that have an undefined shape but definite volume. A.Particles in a liquid The particles in a liquid are packed.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062620/551a36f4550346a4248b5712/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solids, liquids, and GasesFernanda Tome, Fuad Hasbun, Monique
Masso and Natalia Nufio
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States of Matter
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2. Liquids
•Liquids are a type of matter that have an undefined shape but definite volume.
A. Particles in a liquid
• The particles in a liquid are packed almos as closely as in a solid.
• Particles are free to move that’s why a liquid has no definite shape. But it has a definite volume.
•For this reason a liquid is also called a fluid “a substance that flows”
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B. Properties of liquid
• Surface Tension is the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together
•Viscosity is the liquid’s resistance to flowing.
3. Gases
•A gas is a different type of matter; it has an undefined volume and undefined shape.
•As they move, gas particles spread apart, filling all the space available. Thus, a gas has neither definite shape nor definite volume.
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Changes of StateMelting Vaporization
Solid Liquid Gas
Freezing Condensation
Melting Point Boiling Poing
Sublimation
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1. Changes Between Solid and LiquidA. Melting
•Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid
•Melting point: the specific point in which melting starts
•At its melting point, the particles of a solid substance are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.
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B. Freezing
•Freezing is the change in state from liquid to solid
•At its freezing temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns
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2. Changes Between Liquid and Gas
•Vaporization takes place when the particles in liquid gain enough energy to form a gas
•Vaporization is the change from a liquid to a gas.
A. Evaporation
•Evaporation is vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid.
B. Boiling
•Boiling is a different kind of vaporization
C. Boiling Point and Air Pressure
•The boiling point of a substance depends on the pressure of the air above it.
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D. Condensation
•Condensation is the opposite of vaporization; the change of state from a gas to liquid.
•Condensation occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
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3. Changes Between Solid and Gas
•Sublimation is the change of state from a solid directly to a gas.
•During sublimation, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.
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Gas Behavior
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1. Measuring Gases•When working with a gas, it is helpful to know its volume, temperature, and pressure.
A. Volume
• Volume is the amount of space that matter fills.
B. Temperature
• Temperature is a measure of the average energy of random motion of the particles of a substance.
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C. Pressure
• The pressure of the gas is the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container.
2. Pressure and Volume
A. Boyle’s Law
• Boyle found that when the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased the volume of the gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased, the volume increases.
•The relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas is called Boyle’s law.
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3. Pressure and TemperatureA. Increasing Temperature Raises Pressure•When the temperature of a gas at constant volume is increased, the pressure of the gas increases. When the temperature is decreased, the pressure of the gas decreases.
B. Pressure and Temperature in Action
• In a tire if the pressure of the air inside the tire increases then the tire will burst.
4. Volume and TemperatureA. Charles’s Law
• Charles found that when the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature of a gas is decreased at constant pressure, its volume decreases, this principle is called Charles’s law.
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GRAPHING GAS BEHAVIOR1. Temperature and Volume
A. Collecting Data
• Always record the information of your observation
B. Graphing the Results
• Oring in is the point called (0, 0)
• When a graph of two variables is a straight line passing through the origin, the variables are said to be directly proportional to each other.
•The graph of Charles’s law shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature under constant pressure.
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2. Pressure and Volume
A. Collecting Data
• Inferring is important while you are collecting data
B. Graphing the Results
• When a graph of two variables forms this kind of curve, the variables are said to vary inversely with one another.
•The graph for Boyle’s law shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature