2-lecture Developmental part two
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Transcript of 2-lecture Developmental part two
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Human Growth and Development
Developmental theories Part Two
Presented by:
Dr. Doria Hassan Abd Elrahim
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Objectives: At the end of this lecture the paramedic will be able to:
Objectives
At the end of this lecture the students will be
able to:
•Define cognitive development.
•Identify Piaget's theory of cognitive
development.
•Explain stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive
development.
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Outlines: Outlines
•Introduction.
•Piaget's theory of cognitive
development:
•Stages characteristics
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Introduction
-Cognitive development refers to the manner in which people learn to think, reason, and
use language.
-It involves: person intelligence, perception ability and ability to process information.
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- It represents a progression of mental
abilities from illogical to logical thinking,
from simple to complex problem solving
and from understanding concrete ideas to
understand abstract concepts.
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Piaget's theory of cognitive development:
- According to piaget, Cognitive development
is an orderly, sequential process in which a
variety of new experiences (stimuli) must
exist before intellectual abilities can develop.
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Piaget's Cognitive developmental process is divided into major four phases:
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-A person develops through these phases, each phase has its own unique characteristics. In each phase, the person uses three primary abilities:
•Assimilation is the process through which humans encounter and react to new situation by using mechanisms they already possess.
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•In this way, people acquire knowledge and skills as well as insight into the world around them.
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•Accommodation is a process of change whereby cognitive processes mature sufficiently to allow the person to solve problems that were unsolvable before.
• The adjustment is possible chiefly because new knowledge has been assimilated.
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•Adaptation (coping behavior)
•is the ability to handle the demands made by the environment.
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Stages of Cognitive Development:
•Characteristics of Stage Sensori-motor:
•Ages birth – 2 years:
-The infant uses his senses and motor
abilities to understand the world .
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* Initially sucking/grasping reflex and
moving onto reaching for objects out of
reach.
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- Begins with reflexive responding and ends
with using symbols.
* Object permanence: understanding that
objects exist independently.
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Object permanence
-Major development within this stage.
-Initially the baby cannot understand a object exists out of sight.
-As the baby reaches around 7/8 months a child will begin to understand the object/person still exists when out of sight.
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(Example of object permanence)
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2- Pre-operational: •Age: (2-6 years): Learns to use language and to represent objects by images and words. •Thinking is still egocentric: has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others .
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•Classifies objects by a single feature: e.g.
groups together all the red blocks regardless
of shape or all the square blocks regardless of
color.
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3- Concrete operational :
* age: (7-11 years) Can think logically about objects and events.
•Achieves conservation of number (age 6),
mass (age 7), and weight (age 9).
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- The children are now able to conserve,
They understand that although the
appearance has changed the thing it self does
not.
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What is conservation
“ the awareness that a quantity remains the same
despite a change in its appearance”
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* Classifies objects according to several features
and can order them in series along a single
dimension such as size.
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Formal operational:
* age (11 years and up) can think logically
about abstract propositions and test
hypotheses systematically .
* Becomes concerned with the hypothetical,
the future, and ideological problems.
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