2 Hazards Climate Science
Transcript of 2 Hazards Climate Science
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Hazards & Climate Science
Monica Ortiz
Ateneo School of Government
CCA-DRR training, October 16-19, 2012, Albay
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• What are hazards?
– Hydrometeorological hazards
– Geophysical hazards – Human-induced hazards
– Other hazards
• Interaksyon ng mga hazard
• Climate Science 101: What is weather,and what is climate?
• What is climate change?
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What is a hazard?
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HAZARD
A dangerous phenomenon,substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss
of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, lossof livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption,
or environmental damage.
(UNISDR).
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Mga Epekto ng Panganib
– Maraming namamatay, nasasaktan o nawawala
– Nawawalan ng bahay at pag-aari
– Naaapektuhan ang supply ng tubig at pagkain
– Nawawalan ng ani
– Nasisira ang inprastraktura
– Masama ang epekto sa kalusugan
– Napapatigil ang mga basic na serbisyo, trabaho
– Nasisira ang kapaligiran
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Types of Hazards
• Hydrometeorological
hazards
• Geophysical hazards
• Anthropogenic/Human
-induced hazards
• Other hazards
Disasters in the Philippines
1906 - 2006
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Hydrometeorological hazards
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Hydrometeorological hazards
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• Alin ang dagat, at alin ang baha??
Hydrometeorological hazards: storm surge
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Hydrometeorological hazards
• The lack of rain, manifested in droughts, El
Nino, or excess heat (heat waves) are also
hydrometeorological hazards
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Hydrometeorological hazards
• Examples: Typhoons, StormSurge, Floods, Drought, HeatWaves, El Niño or La Niña,very strong winds
• Hydromet hazards are someof the most common causesof disasters
• They can also lead to other
disasters like landslides,forest fires, impacts onhealth
Source: Prevention Web
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Geophysical hazards
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Geophysical hazards
• Connected to the naturalprocesses of our earth
• For example, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions,tsunamis, ash fall, debris ormudflow, earthquake-induced and rainfall-inducedlandslides
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Human-induced hazards
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Human-induced hazards
• Polusyon
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Human-induced Hazards
• Environmental degradation: deforestation, oil
spills
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Human-induced hazards
• Giyera o
Terorismo
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Other hazards
• Pests and diseases
• Technological hazards
•
Health and safetyhazards
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Categories of Hazards
1. Discrete recurrent hazards
2. Continuous hazards
3. Discrete singular hazards
Source: Dr. Rosa Perez, Manila Observatory
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Interactions of hazards
• Hazard occurrence may sometimes befollowing a previous hazard. Sometimeshazards occur simultaneously
• Maraming panganib ay sanhi ng iba pangpanganib.
– Hal: bagyo baha
– Hal: lindol tsunami
– Hal: heavy rain fall leading to rain-fall inducedhazards
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Questions?
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Weather and Climate
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What’s the weather like today?
• Maaraw? Maulan? Maraming ulap?
• Weather is a reflection of the current state of
the atmosphere. It is characterized bytemperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine,
cloud cover, among other factors
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What’s the climate like in the Bicol
Region?
• Climate refersto the averageweather andits variability
over a certaintime-span andarea.
• 30 years is theusual standardfor climateobservation
• Dapat ba ganito ang
suot ni lola sa Cam
Sur?
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“Weather-weather lang yan”
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The Climate System
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• A change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere and which
is in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods
• Long-term, measurable changes to climate
factors: for example, temperature, rainfall, windpatterns
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The Greenhouse Effect
• Normal ang
“greenhouse effect” o
ang pag-init ng
mundo: kailangannatin para mabuhay
Source: Dr. Rosa Perez, Manila Observatory
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The Greenhouse Effect
• However, scientists have
observed that temperatures
have been rising at a rate
never seen before;• Warming is linked to an
increase in greenhouse
gases, which absorb heatand retain it in the earth’s
atmosphere
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Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Biggest sources of carbon dioxide produced by
humans include the use of fossil fuels for
energy, transport, industry
• Deforestation
• Melting of permafrost
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Carbon Dioxide
• Plants and other
photosynthetic
organisms need CO2 to
survive
• However, at the rate of
deforestation, where
are our carbon sinks?
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Methane
• Another major greenhouse gas, considered 20
x more efficient at trapping heat
• Landfills and waste, agricultural activity
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What are the effects of climate
change?
• Temperature
changes
• Has negative effects
on food and water
security, agricultural
activities,
ecosystems andbiodiversity, human
health
• Global warming vs
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Effects of Climate Change
• Sea level rise and ocean acidification
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Effects of Climate Change
• Potentially more
frequent and
more intense
climatesextremes,
particularly
hydromethazards
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Source: Dr. Rosa Perez, Manila Observatory
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Impacts of Climate Change
• Agriculture == Food security – Farming
– Livestock
–
Aquaculture• Health, particularly vector-borne diseases
• Water security
•
Human behavior and migration• Biodiversity and ecosystem services
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