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Transcript of (2) DWDM Glownet 91 Slide
8/9/2019 (2) DWDM Glownet 91 Slide
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DWDMDWDM
DENSE WAVE DIVISIONDENSE WAVE DIVISION
MULTIPLEXINGMULTIPLEXING
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Concepts - DWDM
Evolution of DWDM
Architecture of Optical networkingSalient Features of DWDM
Wavelength Routing Protocol
Wavelength Management
DWDM with SONET/SDH or IP over DWDMConclusion
Future Optical Networks
CONTENTSCONTENTS
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Concepts - DWDMConcepts - DWDM
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WDM/DWDM is a fiber-optic transmission
technique where multiple optical signals are
transmitted on a single fiber using different
wavelengths. The Different optical signals are
multiplexed in Wavelength Domain.
What is WDM/DWDM?What is WDM/DWDM?
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Dense Wavelength DivisionDense Wavelength Division
MultiplexingMultiplexing
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How Do We Differ BetweenHow Do We Differ BetweenWDM & DWDMWDM & DWDMClassification of WDM:
When channel spacing > 100 GHz called WDM
When channel spacing < 100 GHz called DWDM
When channel spacing < 25 GHz called UDWDM
0.8 nm =100 GHz0.8 nm =100 GHz
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What is multiplexing?
Multiplexing is a process of putting all the signals
into a common channel in different ways and the
component is called multiplexer.
What is de-multiplexing?
De-multiplexing is a process which separates
out all the multiplexed signals and the
component is called de-multiplexer.
Introduction To MultiplexingIntroduction To Multiplexing
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Time Division MultiplexingTime Division Multiplexing
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TDM - (Time Division Multiplexing)
Type of multiplexing in which different signals aremultiplexed in different time slots.
In TDM each time slots is fixed for different signals
sequentially.If there is any vacant time slot that can be
utilized for other signal,by using STDM -(Statistical Time
Division Multiplexing).
Difference Between TDM & WDMDifference Between TDM & WDM
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WDM-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Type of multiplexing in which different signals are
multiplexed at different wavelengths for full time slots.
When each wavelength is multiplexed from different
TDM signals then the multiplexing is called TDM over WDM.
Difference Between TDM & WDMDifference Between TDM & WDM
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Total Throughput Of A FiberTotal Throughput Of A Fiber
For TDM Over WDMFor TDM Over WDMMultiplexing.Multiplexing.
Different Wavelength Source From Internet
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Challenges To Be FacedChallenges To Be FacedIncreased service needs due to Internet and
Intranet
Fiber exhaust
Layered bandwidth management
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SolutionsSolutions
Laying more fiber
Time division multiplexing (TDM)
DWDM
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Laying More FiberLaying More Fiber
Economic solution where cost of fiber laying is
minimal
May not be able to provide new services or utilize bandwidth management capability of a unifying
optical layer
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Dense Wavelength DivisionDense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (DWDM)Multiplexing (DWDM)Assigns incoming optical signals to specific
frequencies (wavelength,λ
) within adesignated frequency band
Multiplexes the resulting signals out onto one
fiber
Incoming signals are never terminated in
the optical layer
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Increased Network Capacity -Increased Network Capacity -DWDMDWDM
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Issues Of Optical NetworkingIssues Of Optical NetworkingDispersion management
Polarization mode dispersion
Non-linear effectsOptical Test and Measurement
Scaling the Optical Network
Error-Correcting Code
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Evolution of Optical NetworksEvolution of Optical Networks
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Generations Of WDM NetworksGenerations Of WDM NetworksFirst Generation:First Generation: Dense WDM networks with linear
architecture used in point-to-point link, as a high bandwidth pipes
between two network elements. These systems are integrated with
optical amplifiers and electronic regenerators.
Second Generation:Second Generation: WDM networks with ring and mesharchitectures. These systems are integrated with optical amplifiers,
OADM’s, Dispersion compensators, OXC’s and electronic
regenerators.
Third Generation:Third Generation: DWDM and OTDM networks (All-opticalnetworks )with linear, ring and mesh architectures. These systems
are integrated with optical 3R regeneration, OADM, OXC (which
supports Photonic packet switching)
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DWDM Networks EvolutionDWDM Networks Evolution
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Evolution of The Photonics LayerEvolution of The Photonics Layer
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1×40 G up to 65 km (Alcatel’98) PMD Limited.1×40 G up to 65 km (Alcatel’98) PMD Limited.
32× 5 G to 9300 km (1998)32× 5 G to 9300 km (1998)
64× 5 G to 7200 km (Lucent’97)64× 5 G to 7200 km (Lucent’97)
100×10 G to 400 km (Lucent’97)100×10 G to 400 km (Lucent’97)
16×10 G to 6000 km (1998)16×10 G to 6000 km (1998)
132×20 G to 120 km (NEC’96)132×20 G to 120 km (NEC’96)
70×20 G to 600 km (NTT’97)70×20 G to 600 km (NTT’97)
1022 Wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent 99)1022 Wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent 99)
Recent WDM RecordsRecent WDM Records
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Architecture of Optical NetworksArchitecture of Optical Networks
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Layers of Typical NetworksLayers of Typical Networks
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RxTx
SignalPo
wer
Link Length
Receiver Sensitivity
Post Amplifier Line Amplifier Pre Amplifier
Typical Point To Point OpticalTypical Point To Point Optical
Link Link
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Post Amplifier Pre AmplifierLine Amplifier
Wavelengths Wavelengths
Optical Multiplexer Optical Demultiplexer
Linear Backbone Link Linear Backbone Link
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Backbone Link With OADMBackbone Link With OADMOADM
Mux Mux DemuxDemux
Add WavelengthsDrop Wavelengths
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Optical Add/Drop MultiplexerOptical Add/Drop Multiplexer
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Backbone Link With OXCBackbone Link With OXC
OXC
Mux Mux DemuxDemux
Add/Drop Ports
Add/Drop Ports
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Salient Features of DWDMSalient Features of DWDM
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Salient Features contd…Salient Features contd…
Service providers can
lease individual wavelengths—as opposed to an
entire fiber—to their high-use business
customers
Increases the distances between network elements
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Salient Features Contd…Salient Features Contd…
The system’s number of wavelengths and bit rate
are upgradeable
Standard Transaction Language 1 (TL-1)
interfaces are widely available for DWDMsystems to provide a maintenance interface
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Capacity Expansion EvolutionCapacity Expansion Evolution
A Strategy for Long TermA Strategy for Long Term
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Advantages Of DWDMAdvantages Of DWDM
Offers services such as:
Video on DemandMultimedia
Wavelength Management
Over the following formats
IP
ATM
SONET/SDH
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Today core DWDM system uses
Proprietary Mux and management
Systems.
ITUT defines standard wavelength Grid but Still many aspects of DWDM
systems are implemented in different
ways by different vendors.
Open Data Networks with DWDMOpen Data Networks with DWDM
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Optical Spectrum Used
Wave Grid SpacingPower and Amplification schemes
Mechanisms for Optical Amp Gain
AdjustmentMethods of Forward Error Correction
Systems Engineering Aspects
Factors To be Thought ForFactors To be Thought For
StandardizationStandardization
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WaRPWaRP
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WaRP Views Network as a Bandwidth Pool
and Provides for point and click auto provisioning of wavelength paths.
WaRP Solution enables the creation of
Optical Network with efficiencies of themesh architectures and the speed of the
SONET / SDH rings.
Wavelength RoutingWavelength RoutingProtocol (WaRP)Protocol (WaRP)
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Wavelength ManagementWavelength Management
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One or More wavelengths are leased on a
DWDM system.
This wavelength can be a point to point or meshed based intelligent optical network
Managed WavelengthManaged WavelengthServicesServices
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Channel Spacing UsingChannel Spacing Using
WavelengthWavelengthShort BandShort Band Long BandLong Band
Wavelength (nm)Wavelength (nm)
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DWDM Market ShareDWDM Market Share
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Major Players in the FieldMajor Players in the FieldClassification:Classification:
Long haulLong haul MetroMetro
Nortel Nortel
Ciena ONI
Lucent Ciena
Alcatel Cisco
NEC Sorrento
Others Others
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Source From Internet
b i i h h
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W b i Li ht t th I t t
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W b i Li ht t th I t t
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W b i Li ht t th I t t
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10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm
100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) + FDDI use100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) + FDDI use
1310 nm1310 nm
Some telecommunication lines use 1550 nmSome telecommunication lines use 1550 nm
WDM: 850nm + 1310nm or 1310nm + 1550nmWDM: 850nm + 1310nm or 1310nm + 1550nm
DenseDense ⇒⇒ Closely spacedClosely spaced ≈≈ 1nm separation1nm separation
Sparse and Dense WDMSparse and Dense WDM
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Sparse and Dense WDM
WDM Applications and Sample Products
Types of Fibers: Limiting factors to singlewavelength
Wavelength router and optical crossconnect
Upcoming Technologies: Optic wireless,
Quasi Soliton, OTDM
Packet Switching, Optical CDMA, ...
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WDM ApplicationsWDM ApplicationsWANs:
Fiber links ⇒ WDM ⇒ DWDM Links
Undersea Links: Amplifiers ⇒ High maintenance cost
⇒ Can't put too many fibers
DWDM highly successful in long-haul market. Not yet cost-competitive in metro market.
Bandwidth demand is low and more dynamic.
Many new lower cost products for metro market.
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Nortel/Cambrian:: Optera Metro: 32 × 2.5G OpteraLH: 2560×622Mbps, 1280×1.25Gbps (Gb
Ethernet), 640×2.5Gbps, 160×10Gbps
Pirelli Optical Systems: 128×10G TeraMuX
WaveMux H-DWDM with Soliton OMDS 32λ WDM
System
Monterey Networks: Wavelength Router TM
256×256 OC-48 scalable to 160 Tbps Non- blocking any to any.
Fully hot swappable w/o fiber swap 1+1 or 1:N APS.
Straight IP over DWDM.
Sample ProductsSample Products
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Optical Fiber
Tunable Lasers
Optical Mux/Demux Fast tuning receivers
Wavelength converters
Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers
(EDFA)’s
Splitters, Combiners
Key ComponentsKey Components
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DWDM Systems & OpticalDWDM Systems & Optical
AmplifiersAmplifiers
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Optical AmplifierOptical Amplifier
Bi directionalBi directional
AmplifiersAmplifiers
UnidirectionalUnidirectional
AmplifiersAmplifiers
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Optical Add Drop MultiplexerOptical Add Drop Multiplexer
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Components Used in DWDM NetworksComponents Used in DWDM Networks
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All Optical SemiconductorAll Optical Semiconductor
Wavelength ConverterWavelength Converter
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Optical ModulatorOptical Modulator
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Optical Network ProductsOptical Network Products
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Development Milestones inDevelopment Milestones in
Optical ComponentsOptical Components
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`̀
Splitters/CombinersSplitters/Combiners
Control Control ControlControl Control Control
Larger switches can be built out of 2Larger switches can be built out of 2 × 2 building block 2 building block
By MEMS technology one can have large matrix switchBy MEMS technology one can have large matrix switch
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Sentry: 40×2.5G long haul 800 kmSentry: 40×2.5G long haul 800 km
Optical Line Amplifier: EDFA, 1540-1560nmOptical Line Amplifier: EDFA, 1540-1560nm
Sentry ADM: OC-48 ADM at any amplifier siteSentry ADM: OC-48 ADM at any amplifier site
Firefly: 24×2.5G Short haul, point-to-point,Firefly: 24×2.5G Short haul, point-to-point,
1310nm1310nm
WaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Fault ManagementWaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Fault Management
SystemSystem WaveWatcher SNMP & TMN ElementWaveWatcher SNMP & TMN Element
Management SystemManagement System
Products (Cont)Products (Cont)
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Products - CienaProducts - Ciena
Ciena MultiWave Family: 16, 40, 96-channel systemswith SONET/ATM/IP to DWDM
CoreDirector: 256× OC-48 or 64× OC192 (640Gtotal) Switch, Optical signaling and routing protocol
EdgeDirector: ATM VP ring with 50ms APS, DS1 toOC3, 10-100Base-T interfaces, RIP and OSPF
CoreStream: 2.5G or 10G (to 2 Tbps total) DWDMLong Haul transport
Metro: 24×2.5G duplex ADM nodes on a 2 fiber ring
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Optical Networks Inc: ONLINE 9000 Metro Nodes,
OPTX Metro Network Operating System (design,
configuration, operation), OLMP Optical link
management
NEC: Submarine WDM System 16×10G up to 300km
expandable to 32×10G
Monterey Networks:
Teraseed: Single chip. Clustered to create
switch matrix.
Wavelength Routing Protocol TM (WaRP TM )
Products (Cont)Products (Cont)
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Tellium:
Aurora 32: Carrier Class Optical Switch
Aurora 512: Bidirectional carrier class 1.2 Tbpsnonblocking optical switch
Alidian Networks:
Optical Service Networks (OSN): Metro and
Access Rings with
ATM/FR/TDM/SONET Services with QoS
Products (Cont)Products (Cont)
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CISCO:
12000 Gigabit Switch Router with OC-48c12000 Gigabit Switch Router with OC-48c
line cardline card
Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)Dynamic Packet Transport (DPT)a)a) Uses SONET framingUses SONET framing
b)b) Dual RingDual Ring
c)c)Both rings used simultaneouslyBoth rings used simultaneously
Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP)Spatial Reuse Protocol (SRP)
44 SRP fairness algorithmSRP fairness algorithm
Products -CISCOProducts -CISCO
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Intelligent Protection Switching (IPS): Handles
events at layer 1, 2, and 3 (APS handles only layer 1).
Can provide reduced capacity during failures.
Canoga Perkins Corp: Converter MMF/SMF 8M-
1.25G to 1310/1550nm
Integral Access: PurePacket Node DSL Access Mux
(DSLAM), Voice, Data to DWDM/MPLS
Products (Cont)Products (Cont)
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Lucent WaveStar Family: OLS 400G/80G/40G/10G/2.5G: 80×OC-48 or 40×OC-
192 (point-to-point)
Bandwidth Manager: 1152 STS-1/384 STM-1 Switch
Fabric with electrical and optical interfaces
Lucent OpticGate Family: Allows connecting ATM
Switches and IP routers to 400G.
MetroPoint: 16×2.5G to 60 km AllMetro: 40×2.5G with add/drop
OpticAir: 4×2.5Gbps to 5 km
FT-2000: STS-1 to OC-48 SONET
Products- LUCENTProducts- LUCENT
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Lucent OptiStar Family: OC48/OC12/1G: non-
DWDM
Network adapters for NT/2000/Linux
OSICOM : 32×2.5G Gigamux (point-to-point)
More Vendors: ADC, Bosch, DSC, Ericsson,
Fujitsu,
Hitachi, NEC, Scientific-Atlanta, and Tellabs
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DWDM with SONET/SDHDWDM with SONET/SDH
oror
IP over DWDMIP over DWDM
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Different Approaches For IP Over WDMDifferent Approaches For IP Over WDM
IP/FRAME RELAY/SONET/WDM
IP/FRAME RELAY/ATM/SONET/WDM
IP/ATM/SONET/WDM
IP/SONET/WDM
IP/WDM
The Approach for direct IP over WDMThe Approach for direct IP over WDM
Optical adaptation layer approach
MPLS lambda-labeling approach
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DifferentDifferent NetworksNetworks LayersLayers
IP with (PPP/HDLC/SDL)
Frame Relay
ATM
SONET/SDH/PDH
Optical Adaptation Layer
Physical Layer (Optical Fiber)
IP/MPLS
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Optical Adaptation Layer
Functions Of Optical AdaptationFunctions Of Optical Adaptation
LayerLayer
Optical Transmission Section Layer
Optical Multiplex Section Layer
Optical Channel Layer
This transmits opticalsignals on various kinds of
fibers
Provides multiplexing for
multi wavelength optical
signalsThe overhead includes
monitoring fault and
performance
Provides end-to-endtransparent networkingCarry multi protocolsThe overhead includes
fault detection and
performance monitoring
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ConclusionConclusion
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DWDM Is The Best Solution ForDWDM Is The Best Solution ForThe Present And Future ScenarioThe Present And Future Scenario
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Future Optical NetworksFuture Optical Networks
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FutureFuture EvolutionsEvolutions
Hybrid switching paradigms
Spatial fiber switching techniques
Full Photonic Packet Switching
Migration switching regimes (packet, circuit, burst,
label, hybrid)
IP over voice (to make all data centric networks)
Dynamic and tunable optical components
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Future Networks on DWDMFuture Networks on DWDM
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Future Networks on DWDMFuture Networks on DWDM
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Optical Time Domain MultiplexingOptical Time Domain Multiplexing
To modulate a CW Light to desire format and at high bit rate > 40 Gbps
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Optical Time Domain DemultiplexingOptical Time Domain Demultiplexing
Modulators are used (which increases the price) for OTDM
To get desired chirp parameter for enhancing the transmission distance
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Potential Evolution Of Optical Networking Towards PacketPotential Evolution Of Optical Networking Towards Packet
SwitchingSwitching
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Hybrid SwitchingHybrid Switching
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DWDM allows 32- to 128- channels per fiber DWDM allows 32- to 128- channels per fiber
Several types of fibers with different dispersionSeveral types of fibers with different dispersioncharacteristicscharacteristics
Wavelength routers/switchesWavelength routers/switches ⇒⇒ all-optical networksall-optical networks
Solitons allow high-datarate over very longSolitons allow high-datarate over very longdistancesdistances
Optical Packet switching is around the cornerOptical Packet switching is around the corner
SummarySummary