210 LECTURE 1 1

HISTOLOGY: THE STUDY OF TISSUES

210 LECTURE 1 2

I. DEFINITIONS

A. TISSUE:

B. ORGAN:

II. EPITHELIUM

A. CHARACTERISTICS

1. OUTSIDE COVERING/INSIDE LINING

2. FIRMLY ATTACHED CELLS

3. NO INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE

4. NO BLOOD SUPPLY

210 LECTURE 1 3

210 LECTURE 1 4

B. FUNCTIONS 1. PROTECTION:

2. ABSORPTION: 3. SECRETION: 4. DIFFUSION:

5. SURFACE TRANSPORT:6. FILTRATION:

C. SHAPES 1. SQUAMOUS: thin, irregular, small nucleus 2. CUBOIDAL: square or round, dark circular

nucleus 3. COLUMNAR: rectangular, elongate nucleus near base

210 LECTURE 1 5

SQUAMOUS AND CUBOIDAL CELLS

210 LECTURE 1 6

COLUMNAR CELLS

210 LECTURE 1 7

D. ARRANGEMENTS

1. SIMPLE

2. STRATIFIED

3. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

SIMPLE: SINGLE LAYER (Ex: simple cuboidal)

210 LECTURE 1 8

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL

210 LECTURE 1 9

STRATIFIED: LAYERS

(Ex: stratified squamous)

210 LECTURE 1 10

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

210 LECTURE 1 11

210 LECTURE 1 12

(Ex: STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL)

210 LECTURE 1 13

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED: FALSELY LAYERED

Ex: pseudostratified columnar

210 LECTURE 1 14

210 LECTURE 1 15

III. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A. FUNCTIONS

1. JOINS TISSUES AND ORGANS

2. SUPPORTS BODY

3. FORMS FRAMEWORK c/i ORGANS

B. CHARACTERISTICS

1. LARGE AMOUNTS OF INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE

2. INTERSPERSED FIBERS, CELLS

210 LECTURE 1 16

AREOLAR

210 LECTURE 1 17

C. FIBER TYPES 1. COLLAGEN 2. RETICULAR 3. ELASTIC

D. CELLSSUFFIXES: BLASTS create CYTES: maintain CLASTS: break down

1. FIBROBLASTS 2. MACROPHAGES

3. CHONDROCYTES 4. OSTEOCYTES

210 LECTURE 1 18

E. CONNECTIVE TISSUE TYPES

1. SOFT

a. AREOLAR

b. DENSE REGULAR

c. DENSE IRREGULAR

d. ADIPOSE

e. RETICULAR

f. BLOOD

210 LECTURE 1 19

AREOLAR

210 LECTURE 1 20

DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE:

tendons, vocal cords

210 LECTURE 1 21

DENSE IRREGULAR with collagen fibers

under epithelium

210 LECTURE 1 22

ADIPOCYTES in 3D

210 LECTURE 1 23

ADIPOSE TISSUE (fat removed)

210 LECTURE 1 24

RETICULAR

(framework of reticular fibers enclosing cells)

210 LECTURE 1 25

BLOOD

210 LECTURE 1 26

2. HARD

a. CARTILAGE CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE

•HYALINE

NO FIBERS SEEN IN MATRIX

ends of long bones, nose, ribs, trachea

210 LECTURE 1 27

• ELASTIC CARTILAGE THIN ELASTIC FIBERS IN MATRIX

ears, larynx

210 LECTURE 1 28

• FIBROCARTILAGE

THICK LONGITUDINAL COLLAGEN FIBERS

knee, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

LACUNA with CHONDROCYTE

210 LECTURE 1 29

b. BONE

1. COMPACT

2. CANCELLOUS or SPONGY

210 LECTURE 1 30

IV. MUSCLE

A. SMOOTH (VISCERAL, INVOLUNTARY)

IN THE WALLS OF ORGANS

NO STRIATIONS OR BRANCHING

ONE NUCLEUS IN CELL CENTER

210 LECTURE 1 31

210 LECTURE 1 32

B. STRIATED MUSCLE (SKELETAL, VOLUNTARY)

MULTIPLE NUCLEI DIRECTLY UNDER CELL MEMBRANE

210 LECTURE 1 33

C. CARDIAC MUSCLE

STRIATIONS, BRANCHING, INTERCALATED DISCS

210 LECTURE 1 34

V. NERVE

A. NERVE CELL BODIES

B. AXONS

210 LECTURE 1 35

NERVE CELL BODY

210 LECTURE 1 36

A SINGLE AXON

NODE OF RANVIER