2 5 Von Kories Consultants WtE Germany (2)

8/15/2019 2 5 Von Kories Consultants WtE Germany (2)

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Durchführer

Goltzstraße 21

10781 BerlinT +49 30 55125187

M +49 172 9891212

[email protected]

www.vonkories.de

How to Deal with Left-Overs From Recycling?orWhen Incineration Turns into Recovery


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von kories consultants

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The National Waste Management Strategy…

‘In the long-term period (2015 – 2019) we should focus on the

achievement of the objectives in recycling waste and complete

the establishment of regional centres for municipal wastemanagement in all regions. The construction of a plant for

energy recovery from municipal waste, as well as construction

of a central plant for hazardous and medical waste incineration is

also planned.’

‘The establishment of plants for energy recovery from waste

has been planned in the long run. It is necessary that heating

plants and cement plant should take into consideration theburning of municipal waste as alternative fuel.’


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• Integrated waste management systems established during the last 30

years, striving for circular economy, yet residuals from recycling are to

be processed

• Regulation on packaging waste defines recycling criteria and quota,roughly 73 % of the packaging waste are recycled/recovered (2014)

• Bio-waste and green/garden waste shall be collected and treated

separately as of 2015 (45 % in 2012, 23 % being incinerated, remaining

home composting/illegal dumping)

• Currently 68 WtEs for residual MSW and 36 WtEs for refuse derived

fuel (RDF) in Germany, all but one RDF WtEs are privately owned,

majority is operated as CHP

• Application of RDF in different furnaces (cement kilns, steel mills, coalpower plants), and energy recovery and disposal of various kind of

wastes in different facilities, e.g. biomass fuelled CHPs, hazardous

waste incinerators

The German Context


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How To Deal With Residuals?


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Paper

Recycl.

Bio

Residual

Mech.

Proc.

MRF

Mech.

Proc.

MRF

Paper 1Paper 2

Paper 3

Biogas

Compost

PaperPET

HDPELDPE

RDF Proc.

AD

Metals….

HQ RDF

LQ RDF

Cement/power plant

WtE facility

MRF=Material Recovery Facility

AD = Anaerobic Digestion

HQ/MQ//LQ = High/Middle/Low Quality

MQ RDF

M

S

W


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Mass Balance Municipal Solid

Waste* MBI + Energy Recovery24.1

MBI 7.3

Energy Recovery 8.9

Energy Recovery 6.5

Material Recycling

16.5

Bulky +

Packaging +

Miscell.

Waste

23.0

Compost/Biogas 8.1

Disposal 1 / Landfill 0.1

Energy Recovery 0.4

Plastic/Paper

*in million tonnes according to Statistical Survey of DESTATIS (2012), complemented by own extrapolations

GGW = Green and Garden Waste, MBI – Mass Burn Incineration

MSW

49.8

Bio Waste

GGW9.5

Energy Recovery 1.0

Wood


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• Differentiation between energy recovery (R1=use waste principally

as fuel to generate energy) and disposal (D10=incineration on land)

• A WtE facility can be regarded as facility to recover energy if energy

efficiency (R1 criteria) is greater than

0.65 for installations permitted after 31 December 2008

(0.60 if permitted before 1 January 2009)


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When Incineration Turns Into Recovery

Energy Efficiency=Ep − (Ef+Ei)

0.97 (Ew+Ef)

Ep = Annual energy generated, 1.1 x Heat, 2.6 x Electricity, in GJ/year Ef = Steam generation due to auxiliary fuel input, GJ/year

Ei = Annual energy imported other than Ef and Ew, GJ/year

Ew = Annual energy input due to waste, GJ/year

0.97 = Factor accounting for energy losses due to bottom ash/radiation


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• Generation of an additional revenue stream

• Meeting R1 criterion only if heat will be supplied to external

users

• Long lasting heat/steam supply contracts limit exposure to

volatile energy market

Why German RDF WtEs are CHPs…


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HP steam

up to 200,000 TPY

RDF Supply:

100,000 – 120,000 TPY (300 – 350 TPD)

Power Supply 12 GWhSurplus: 14 GWh

RDF Supply:

up to 675,000 TPY (2,000 TPD)

HP steam

up to 250 t/h

Power Supply up 70 MW


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Output of German WtE Installations*


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Energy 2010 2011 2012

Heat District Heating 7,865 7,528 -4% 8,391 +11%

Steam 8,497 10,036 +18% 10,147 +1%

Power 6.458 6.789 5 % 6,784 0%

Specific Output MWh/t 1.11 1.15 +4% 1.19 +3%

figures in GWh/year

Bottom Ash 2010 2011 2012

Raw Bottom Ash t 5,053,000 5,454,000 5,576,000

Fe Metals t 400,000 440,000 450,000Non-Fe Metals t 50,000 55,000 56,000

*according to ITAD, 2012 (only WtE facilities belonging to ITAD)


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Success and Challenges

↗ Waste and RDF are regarded as commodities

↘ Market mechanisms do apply

↗ Sufficient capacity to secure a state of the art waste management

↘ Coping with increased recycling?

↘ Unused capacity is a must not foroperators

↗ Continuously increasing energy output

↘ Low energy feed in tariffs

↘ Cost recovery challenging


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Outlook to Serbia


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• Major urban centres (Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac)

accounting for approx. 40 % of the population (2.7 m) and for 50 % of

the total waste generation

3 to 3.5 m tonnes, i.e. 1.5 to 1.75 m tonnes to be found in major

urban agglomerates annually in the future

• Assuming an RDF generation rate of 25 % of the residual waste

(MSW plus commercial/industrial), would yield 375,000 to 437,000tonnes RDF

Sufficient to build three RDF fuelled CHPs close to industrial

consumers, provided a continuous supply of RDF can be

guaranteed and recycling is not undermined

One of them in Belgrade others?


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Outlook to Serbia


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• Landfill mining, recovering both metals and flammables is an

option,too

von kories consultants is preparing a landfill reclamation projectin China currently, dealing with the restoration of 16 landfills, 11 of

them are proposed to be removed completely including recovery

of RDF and fuelling WtE plants

Lechate

discharge

to river


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…thank you for your attention

2 5 Von Kories Consultants WtE Germany (2)

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