2, 403 Americans killed 1, 178 American wounded 21 ships sunk/damaged 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed...
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Transcript of 2, 403 Americans killed 1, 178 American wounded 21 ships sunk/damaged 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed...
The Attack on Pearl Harbor
• 2, 403 Americans killed• 1, 178 American wounded• 21 ships sunk/damaged• 300 aircraft
damaged/destroyed
December 7, 1941 Japan attacks the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
On December 8, 1941 delivers a speech to a joint-session of Congress asking for a declaration
of warAudio Clip http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm
- Japan hoped to show Japanese Power and Strike fear into America
What they got: “Patriotism”1. Battle cry “Remember Pearl Harbor” 2. Million Americans join military
- 5 million Americans volunteer
- Selective Service System (draft)provide 10 million
men
- Segregated units for minority groups
- Noncombat role until April 1943
- Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC): created to allow women volunteers to serve in noncombat positions (Established in May,
1942)
- Women served as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots (noncombat jobs)
- Americans go to work for the war effort (war industries)
- Factories turn to war production
* Automobile plants convert to
produce tanks, planes, boats,
and military vehicles
- Shipyards and defense plants convert to meet wartime needs
War Effort on the Home Front
- Women work in “war industries” * “Rosie the Riveter”= term given to women employed in war industries
* earned 60% of male salary
You Tube Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GarCzR_6Ng
- 2 million minority workers * racial discrimination leads to labor leader A. Philip Randolph to convince FDR to allow full equality in war industries
- Office of Scientific Research & Development (OSRD) est. in 1941
Goal: bring scientists into war effort
Projects:
1. radar & sonar
2. pesticides
3. penicillin
4. atomic bomb
Mobilization of Scientists
- 1939 German scientists split atom - 1941 committee studies making bomb (3-5
years) - 1942 Manhattan Project= program for
scientists to create the atomic bomb You Tube Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQ
Economic Controls: attempt by govt. to control rapid inflation and rising prices for products
Federal Govt. and Industry
Office of Price Administration (OPA): froze wages, prices on goods, & rent
War Bonds: issued by the Dept of the Treasury to raise money for the war effort & fight inflation
War Production Board (WPB): decided which companies to convert to war effort & allocated raw materials for war effort
Rationing: system est. by OPA which stated how much military
essential goods each individual household can buy
The Home Front
Victory Gardens: encouraged by the OPA so that food
can go directly to military efforts
Examples: meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWlIfH8SR50You Tube Clip