2 2 C H A P T E R Neuromuscular Anatomy and Adaptations to Conditioning.
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Transcript of 2 2 C H A P T E R Neuromuscular Anatomy and Adaptations to Conditioning.
22C H A P T E R
Neuromuscular Anatomy and Adaptations to ConditioningNeuromuscular Anatomy and Adaptations to Conditioning
Chapter Outline
Neuromuscular anatomy and physiology
Motor unit recruitment patterns during exercise
Proprioception
Neuromuscular adaptations to exercise
Twitch, Twitch Summation, and Tetanus of a Motor UnitTwitch, Twitch Summation, and Tetanus of a Motor Unit
(a) Single twitch, (b) force resulting from summation of two twitches, (c) unfused tetanus, and (d) fused tetanus.
Motor units are composed of muscle fibers
with morphological and physiological
characteristics that determine their functional
capacity.
Table 2.2 Relative Involvement of Muscle Fiber Types in Sport Events
Event Type I Type II
100-m sprint Low High
800-m run High High
Marathon High Low
Olympic weightlifting Low High
Barbell squat High High
Soccer High High
Field hockey High High
Football wide receiver Low High
Football lineman High High
Basketball Low High
Distance cycling High Low
The force output of a muscle can be varied
by changing the number of activated motor
units or by changing the frequency of activation
of individual motor units.
Proprioceptors are specialized sensory
receptors that provide the central nervous
system with information needed to maintain
muscle tone and perform complex coordinated
movements.
Muscle SpindleMuscle Spindle
Golgi TendonOrganGolgi TendonOrgan
Table 2.3 Major Adaptations to Resistance Versus Aerobic Endurance Training
Variable Resistance Aerobictraining endurance training
Size of muscle Increase No changefibers
Number of muscle No change No changefibers
Movement speed Increase No change
Strength Increase No change
Aerobic capacity No change Increase
Anaerobic capacity Increase No change
Adaptations to resistance training are
specific to the type of exercise performed.
Moreover, resistance training has no meaningful
impact on aerobic power.
Although aerobic endurance training
increases aerobic power, it does not enhance
muscle strength or size. In fact, intense aerobic
endurance training can actually compromise the
benefits of resistance training.