1_What is Cobol
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Transcript of 1_What is Cobol
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What is COBOL
Authors:
Deepali Kayande
Anuja Jadhav
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Sample Cobol ProgramIDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. Multiplier.
AUTHOR. Abc.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 Num1 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.
01 Num2 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.
01 Result PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
DISPLAY "Enter first number (1 digit) : " WITH NO ADVANCING.
ACCEPT Num1.
DISPLAY "Enter second number (1 digit) : " WITH NO ADVANCING.
ACCEPT Num2.
MULTIPLY Num1 BY Num2 GIVING Result.
DISPLAY "Result is = ", Result.
STOP RUN.
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Flow of Cobol Program
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
DATA DIVISION.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
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Comparison With Cmain()
{int i,j,k;printf(Enter a number);scanf(%d, &i);printf(Enter a number);scanf(%d, &j);
k=i*j;printf(%d ,k);}
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. Multiplier.AUTHOR. Abc.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
DATA DIVISION.WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 Num1 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.01 Num2 PIC 9 VALUE ZEROS.01 Result PIC 99 VALUE ZEROS.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
DISPLAY "Enter first number (1 digit) :" WITH NO ADVANCING.ACCEPT Num1.
DISPLAY "Enter second number(1digit) : WITH NO ADVANCING.ACCEPT Num2.MULTIPLY Num1 BY Num2 GIVING Result.DISPLAY "Result is = ", Result.STOP RUN.
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Cobol Program
IDENTIFICATIO
N DIVISION.
ENVIRONMENT
DIVISION.DATA DIVISION
PROCEDURE
DIVISION.
FILE
SECTION
WORKING-
STORAGE
SECTION
INPUT-
OUTPUT
SECTION
CONFIGURA
TION
SECTION
Para-1.
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What is Cobol
FORMAT FOR COBOL
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FORMAT FOR COBOLPROGRAMS
Column
Field
1-3 Page Number
4-6 Line Number (1-6 Sequence Number)
7 Continuation / Comment
8-11
A Margin / Area A
12-72 B- Margin /Area B
73-80 Identification
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STRUCTURE OF A COBOLPROGRAM
Every COBOL program must have the following Four divisions
in the order in which they are specified below.
1. Identification division
2. Environment Division
3. Data Division
4. Procedure Division
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Identification division In the Identification division the
details about the author, date of
writing the program etc
Will be specified.Environment Division In the Environment division, the details
about the computer environment under
which
the program was written and compiled
etc will be notified.
Data Division In the Data division, the variables that
are used by the program will be defined
and it is
an important division for the program.Procedure Division In the procedure division, all the
programming statements (Executable
Cobol statements) will be written and it
is the most important division.
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CHARACTER SET
0-9 10 numerals
A-Z 26 English alphabets-only capitalletters
minus sign or hyphen
+ Plus sign
* Asterisk
/ Slash
0= Equal sign
$ Currency sign
, , ; Comma, Semi colon
Greater than symbol, Less than symbol
. Period or decimal point
Quotation mark
( ,) Left Parenthesis, Right Parenthesis
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A COBOL word can be formed using the following characters:
0-9,A-Z (a-z), - (hyphen)
Rules for Creating Cobol words
a) A word cannot begin or end with a hyphen.
b) A word can have at the maximum 30 characters.
c) One of the characters must be a letter. Some compilers put the additionalrestrictions that the first character must be a letter.
d) Except hyphen (-) no special character allowed.
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LITERALS
literal is the specific value which remains
unchanged throughout the execution of the
program.There are 3 types of literals
a) numeric
b) nonnumeric
c) figurative constants
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(a) Numeric
A numeric literal can be formed with the help of digits only
Examples(i) Valid Numeric Literal (ii) Invalid Numeric
Literals
.123 123(valid asnonnumeric literal but
invalid as numericliteral)
12.5 - 23 (there is a blankspace between the
sign and the first digit 2)
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(b) Nonnumeric
A nonnumeric literal is used in general to output messages orheadings. Characters that are enclosed between constitute nonnumeric literal.
Ex:- BHARATHIARBHARATHIARDATA DIVISIONDATA DIVISION
100.50100.50
HOUR/RATEHOUR/RATE
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c) Figurative Constants
ZERO ZEROS ZEROESvalue 0
SPACE SPACES
One or more blanks
HIGH-VALUE HIGH-VALUES Highest value in the
Collating sequence
LOW-VALUE LOW-VALUES
Collating sequence
Lowest value in the
QUOTE QUOTES
one or more of
ALL literal
One or more of the string Characters
comprising the literal