1. The “(hi)story” of Women and Science at EU level

2. What have we achieved?

3. Where are we heading?

History

• Communication of the Commission,17 February 1999

• Resolution of the Council, 20 May 1999

• Resolution of the Parliament, 3 February 2000

• European Research Area, January 2000

• Commission Staff Working Paper(Women and Science), 15 May 2001

• Council Resolution on Science and Society and on Women in Science, 26 June 2001

• Action Plan - Science and Society December 2002

WHAT DID IT MEAN FOR US?

• 93 FP4 …• 97 - FP5

- MOBILISATION- NATIONAL CONCERNS- ART. 2 & 3- MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY

MAINSTREAMING RESEARCH?(not self evident)

- COLLECTIVE ENDEAVOUR - POLITICAL DRIVE - POLICY KNOWLEDGE

What did we achieve ?Women and Science

Action Plan

- ETAN - BY: FP 5 Statistics - HELSINKI - FOR: GIS - STAT CORR - ABOUT: Gender Research

POLICY FORUMGENDER WATCH

SYSTEM

THE ETAN REPORT

Available in English - French - Italian - German - Greek - Spanish

THE HELSINKI GROUP 30 Countries

Mandate

- Policy Review

- Indicators

- Perspective at EU level

Meetings

- 29-30 November 1999

- 22-23 June 2000

- 12-13 December 2000

- 17-18 May 2001

- 10-11 January 2002

EUROPE

Women in the Workforce, and as Researchers in HES and GOV, by country, %, 1999%age women

Country Workforce Higher Government Total Publicpopulation Ed’n Institutions Sectors

Belgium 42.9 15 n.a. 15Denmark 46.4 27 31 28Germany 43.9 26 22 25Greece 40.2 44 37 44Spain 39.7 34 37 35France 45.7 29 31 30Ireland 40.4 46 25 31Italy 30.4 28 38 31Luxembourg 50.6 n.a. 32 32Netherlands 43.0 17 n.a. 17Austria 43.9 26 32 27Portugal 45.4 43 53 47Finland 48.0 42 38 41Sweden 47.2 33 28 38UK 44.3 35 21 33EU 43.1 31 31 31USA - 23 n.a. -Japan - 20 11- -ICELAND 46.8 34.7 37.3 35.9

Source: : WiS database (DG Research & Eurostat)Exceptions to the reference year: 1997: DE, PT; 1998: AT, UK (GOV); 2000: DE, LU

Exceptions to the Frascati Manual definition of researchers: BE, IT, NL, UK (HES); EU: estimated data

Percentages of women in Total Workforce and Public Sector Research

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Belgium

Denm

ark

Germ

any

Greec

e

Spain

Franc

e

Irelan

dIta

ly

Luxe

mbo

urg

Nethe

rland

s

Austri

a

Portu

gal

Finlan

d

Sweden UK EU

ICELA

ND

Country

Per

cen

tag

e

Total WorkforceTotal Public Sectors

Feminisation ratio (Women per 100 men)in the Higher Education Sector by main fields of science(according to the Frascati Manual definitions)in some European countries, 1999

Country Natural Engineering Social Medical AgriculturalSciences & Technology Sciences & Sciences Sciences

HumanitiesBE 13 4 23 16 8DK 30 15 46 48 74DE 22 13 43 52 46FR 40 21 61 27 <--IE 80 36 121 209 13IT 45 16 56 30 32NL 9 7 26 21 12AT 17 6 43 37 35PT 92 40 90 84 71FI 52 29 94 108 57SE 44 24 77 105 69UK 34 17 63 107 49

ICELAND 20 59 64 61 79

Source: WiS database (DG Research & Eurostat)Legend: FR: Agricultural sciences are included in Natural Sciences;Exception to the Frascati Manual definition of researchers: BE, IT, NL, FI, UKException to the reference year: 1993: AT; 1997: PT ; 2000 : DE

Feminisation Ratio by main field of science

0

50

100

150

200

250

Country

Rat

io (w

om

en p

er 1

00 m

en)

Natural Sciences Engineering & Technology Social Sciences & Humanities Medical SciencesAgricultural Sciences

GEMS-Gender Empowerment Measure in Sciencesome European countries, 1999A measure of the difference in percentage termsbetween the presence of women as students inHigher Education and as full professors

Country GEMSBelgium 18,1Denmark 14,7Germany 12,4Spain 22,5France 22,0Ireland 8,6Italy 19,4Netherlands 10,4Austria 11,7 InterpretationFinland 26,4 A score of 50 = EquitySweden 18,1 A score of 0 = inequity to the disadvantage of womenICELAND 21.2 A score of 100 = inequity to the advantage of women

Source: Our elaboration from data in the WiS database (DG Research & Eurostat)Exception to the reference year: 1998: ES, IE, AT, SE 

Gender Equity Measure for Science

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

COUNTRY

GE

MS

Country Male Female Total %FemaleA 1040 163 1203 14%B 1238 229 1467 16%D 4036 533 4569 12%

DK 517 87 604 14%E 2275 685 2960 23%

EL 1259 359 1618 22%F 4441 967 5408 18%

Fin 544 169 713 24%I 3900 963 4863 20%

IRL 455 108 563 19%L 137 28 165 17%

NL 1437 144 1581 9%P 557 234 791 30%S 690 129 819 16%

UK 3311 497 3808 13%ICELAND 67 25 92 27%EU Total 25837 5295 31132 17%

Total in db (20/03/02) 29715 6403 36118 18%

Male and Female EU (and Iceland) Experts in Evaluations database

1040

1238

4036

517

2275

1259

4441

544

3900

455

137

1437

557690

3311

67163 229

533

87

685

359

967

169

963

10828

144234

129

497

250

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Countries

Exp

ert

s

Number and percentage of Female Experts by EU Country and Iceland

163

229

533

87

685

359

967

169

963

108

28

144

234

129

497

2514% 16% 12% 14% 23% 22% 18% 24% 20% 19% 17% 9% 30% 16% 13% 27%

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Country

Exp

erts

Percentage of females per EU country and Iceland in Experts database

A

B

D

DK

EEL

F

Fin

I IRL

L

NL

P

S

UK

ICELAND

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Country

Apply to be an evaluator

• www.cordis.lu/expert-candidature

GENDER IMPACT STUDIES

launched: June 15, 2000 results: Spring 2001

Growth

Energy

Environment

SME

INCO

IHP

Quality of Life

IST

Gender Impact Studies

WP 1 : Bibliographical background

WP 2 : Quantitative analysis and

Implementation

WP 3 : Content analysis

Draft Final : + Recommendations

Gender Impact Studies

Valorisation

1. Publication of the report

2. Internal seminar by programme (June)

3. November Conference

INITIAL FINDINGS OF THE GENDER IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES

- The gender blindness of technology and science

- Gender in language and concepts

- The ‘evaporation’ of gender through the implementation

process

- Gender as a bridge between social and natural research

- Engendering energy issues in Europe

Where are we heading ?Women and Science

Action Plan

- ETAN - BY: FP 5 Statistics - HELSINKI - ABOUT: Gender Research - INDICATORS

- Networks - 40% target - Regions - engendering work programmes - WIR - action plans in new instruments - EAST - explicating gender dimension

POLICY FORUM

GENDER WATCH SYSTEM

Sixth Framework Programme 2002-2006• Commission proposal: 21 February 2001

• Instrumental for implementation of the European Research Area (ERA)

• Proposed budget: EUR 17,5 billion

• = 3,9% of the EU’s budget (2001)

• = ~ 6% of the EU’s public (civilian) research budget

Some figures:

Sixth Framework Programme- Budget -

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2002-2006 1998-2002

Real increaseInflation

Increase (%)compared with previous framework programme

Rationale:• Maintain economic weight of European investment in research / real

growth of European economy• Financial perspectives• Increase: 17% (nominal) ; 8,8% (real)

3,27

5,366,6

13,1214,96

17,5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1984-1987 1987-1991 1990-1994 1994-1998 1998-2002 2002-2006

€ Billion

Budgets of the EU Framework Programmes

FOCUSING and INTEGRATING

European research

STRUCTURING the European Research Area

STRENGTHENING the foundations of the

European Research Area

Concentration: on selected priority research areas

Structuring effect : through a stronger link with national, regional and other

European initiatives

Coordination - Simplification

BASIC PRINCIPLESBASIC PRINCIPLES

Sixth Framework Programme- Main components -

Sixth Framework ProgrammeI. “Focusing and integrating research” Budget (EUR

millions)

1. Genomics and biotechnology for health Advanced genomics and applications for health Combatting major diseases

2 2001 1501 050

2. Information Society technologies 3 6003. Nanotechnologies and nano-sciences, knowledge-based

multifunctional materials, new production processes anddevices

1 300

4. Aeronautics and space 1 0755. Food quality and safety 6856. Sustainable development, global change and ecosystems Sustainable energy systems Sustainable surface transports Global change and ecosystems

2 120810610700

7. Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society 2258. Specific activities covering a wider field of research 1 320

Total 13 285** Including non-nuclear activities of the Joint Research Centre: EUR 760 million

II. “Structuring the ERA” Budget (EURmillion)

1. Research and innovation 3002. Human resources 1 6303. Research infrastructures 6654. Science and society 60

Total 2 655

Sixth Framework Programme

3 new instruments

• Networks of excellence

• Integrated projects

• Programmes implemented jointly

In priority thematic areas, the new instruments:

• Will be used from the start of FP6

• As a priority means, while maintaining the use of specific targeted projects and co-ordination actions

• Will be assessed in 2004

3 new instruments

• Networks of excellence: Lasting integration of research capacities Long-term and multidisciplinary objectives Implemented by a joint programme of activities Genuine ‘virtual centres of excellence’ High level of management autonomy Gradual integration of work programmes Selected on the basis of calls for proposals

• Integrated projects

• Programmes implemented jointly

• Networks of excellence

• Integrated projects: To boost competitiveness or to address major societal needs To provide results applicable to products, processes or services Research activities may be complemented by demonstration,

innovation activities High level of management autonomy Implemented through overall financing plans Selected on the basis of calls for proposals

• Programmes implemented jointly

3 new instruments

Women and Sciencein the next

Framework Programme

Structuring/Science & Society/Women & Science

MainstreamedGenomics and biotechnology for health (priority 1)

Citizens and governance in the European knowledge- based society (priority 7)

Human Resources

+ everywhere through : work programme action plans evaluation reporting

Engine

– Enriched Policy Forum

– Enhanced Gender Watch System

– Research on “Gender and Science

RESEARCH ON ‘GENDER & SCIENCE’

- Statistics and indicators

- Mechanisms of segregation

- Methodologies of mainstreaming

- Case-studies in scientific institutions

- Assessment of policies and methodologies for benchmarking

- Evaluation of the Gender Watch System

- History, sociology and philosophy of science

Expressions of Interest

www.cordis.lu/fp6/eoi-instruments

Women & Science UnitRESEARCH DG

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

our fax32 (0)2 / 2993746

our websitewww.cordis.lu/science-society/women

GENDER WATCH SYSTEM IN FP 6

Implementation

- Target of 40%

- Statistics

- Rules for participation

- Evaluation criteria

“TOP-DOWN APPROACH”

• EUROSTAT Legal Basis

R&D Working Parties

• OECD Revision of Frascati Manual

R & D Survey

• UNESCO Mandate, partnership

Women in Science Database

INDICATOR THEMES

How many women?

Horizontal segregation

Vertical segregation

Pay gap

Success rate

THE BENCHMARKING EXERCISE

Full set of indicators and methodology

‘Understanding the functioning of RTD policies’

HR in RTD - incl. attractiveness of S&T professions

Public & Private investment in RTD

S&T productivity

Impact of RTD on economic activity & employment